The Inert Brain: Explaining Neural Inertia as Post-anaesthetic Sleep Inertia Article Swipe
Andrea I. Luppi
,
Lennart R. B. Spindler
,
David Menon
,
Emmanuel A. Stamatakis
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871
“Neural inertia” is the brain’s tendency to resist changes in its arousal state: it is manifested as emergence from anaesthesia occurring at lower drug doses than those required for anaesthetic induction, a phenomenon observed across very different species, from invertebrates to mammals. However, the brain is also subject to another form of inertia, familiar to most people: sleep inertia, the feeling of grogginess, confusion and impaired performance that typically follows awakening. Here, we propose a novel account of neural inertia, as the result of sleep inertia taking place after the artificial sleep induced by anaesthetics. We argue that the orexinergic and noradrenergic systems may be key mechanisms for the control of these transition states, with the orexinergic system exerting a stabilising effect through the noradrenergic system. This effect may be reflected at the macroscale in terms of altered functional anticorrelations between default mode and executive control networks of the human brain. The hypothesised link between neural inertia and sleep inertia could explain why different anaesthetic drugs induce different levels of neural inertia, and why elderly individuals and narcoleptic patients are more susceptible to neural inertia. This novel hypothesis also enables us to generate several empirically testable predictions at both the behavioural and neural levels, with potential implications for clinical practice.
Related Topics
Concepts
Inertia
Sleep inertia
Neuroscience
Sleep (system call)
Psychology
Sleep deprivation
Computer science
Physics
Cognition
Sleep debt
Operating system
Classical mechanics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 13
- References
- 180
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3134403142
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3134403142Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
The Inert Brain: Explaining Neural Inertia as Post-anaesthetic Sleep InertiaWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-03-02Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Andrea I. Luppi, Lennart R. B. Spindler, David Menon, Emmanuel A. StamatakisList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Inertia, Sleep inertia, Neuroscience, Sleep (system call), Psychology, Sleep deprivation, Computer science, Physics, Cognition, Sleep debt, Operating system, Classical mechanicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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13Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 2, 2024: 2, 2023: 4, 2022: 3, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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180Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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