The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with co-circulating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps Article Swipe
Anabelle Wong
,
Laura Barrero
,
Elizabeth Goult
,
Michael Briga
,
Sarah Krämer
,
Aleksandra Kovačević
,
Lulla Opatowski
,
Matthieu Domenech de Cellès
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.07553
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.07553
Despite the availability of effective vaccines, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that co-circulation with other pathogens and resulting multi-epidemics may become increasingly frequent. To better forecast and control the risk of such multi-epidemics, it is essential to elucidate the potential interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with other pathogens; these interactions, however, remain poorly defined. Here, we aimed to review the current body of evidence about SARS-CoV-2 interactions. To study pathogen interactions in a systematic way, we first developed a general framework to capture their major components: sign, strength, symmetry, duration, and mechanism. We then reviewed the experimental evidence from animal models about SARS-CoV-2 interactions. Of the 14 studies identified, 11 focused on the outcomes of co-infection with non-attenuated influenza A viruses and generally demonstrated that co-infection increased disease severity compared with either mono-infection. By contrast, the effect of co-infection on the viral load of either virus was variable and inconsistent across studies. Next, we reviewed the epidemiological evidence about SARS-CoV-2 interactions in human populations. Although numerous studies were identified, only few were specifically designed to infer interaction and many were prone to multiple biases, including confounding. Nevertheless, their results suggested that influenza and pneumococcal conjugate vaccinations were associated with reduced riskof SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we formulated simple transmission models of SARS-CoV-2 co-circulation with a viral or a bacterial pathogen, showing how they can naturally incorporate the proposed framework. More generally, we argue that such models, when designed with an integrative and multidisciplinary perspective, will be invaluable tools to resolve the substantial uncertainties that remain about SARS-CoV-2 interactions.
Related Topics
Concepts
Transmission (telecommunications)
Confounding
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Biology
Epidemiology
Pathogen
Immunology
Virology
Vaccination
Pandemic
Disease
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Medicine
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Computer science
Internal medicine
Pathology
Telecommunications
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07553
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.07553
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 1
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4280615349
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4280615349Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.07553Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with co-circulating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gapsWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-05-16Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Anabelle Wong, Laura Barrero, Elizabeth Goult, Michael Briga, Sarah Krämer, Aleksandra Kovačević, Lulla Opatowski, Matthieu Domenech de CellèsList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07553Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.07553Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.07553Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Transmission (telecommunications), Confounding, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Biology, Epidemiology, Pathogen, Immunology, Virology, Vaccination, Pandemic, Disease, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Medicine, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Computer science, Internal medicine, Pathology, TelecommunicationsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2022: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4280615349 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.07553 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.07553 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4280615349 |
| fwci | |
| type | preprint |
| title | The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with co-circulating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9986000061035156 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[0].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10410 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Mathematics |
| topics[1].score | 0.996399998664856 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2611 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Modeling and Simulation |
| topics[1].display_name | COVID-19 epidemiological studies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10167 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9937000274658203 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[2].display_name | Influenza Virus Research Studies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C761482 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5485098361968994 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Transmission (telecommunications) |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C77350462 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5236437320709229 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Confounding |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C3007834351 |
| concepts[2].level | 5 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.513801634311676 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.49409034848213196 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C107130276 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4861557185649872 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Epidemiology |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2776460866 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.45013347268104553 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Pathogen |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4500945210456848 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C159047783 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4447776675224304 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Virology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C22070199 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4415940046310425 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Vaccination |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C89623803 |
| concepts[9].level | 5 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.43586307764053345 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Pandemic |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4330580234527588 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C3008058167 |
| concepts[11].level | 4 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.38631072640419006 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.31697577238082886 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C524204448 |
| concepts[13].level | 3 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.26085805892944336 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.09410250186920166 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Telecommunications |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5485098361968994 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Transmission (telecommunications) |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5236437320709229 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Confounding |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 |
| keywords[2].score | 0.513801634311676 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[3].score | 0.49409034848213196 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemiology |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4861557185649872 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Epidemiology |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen |
| keywords[5].score | 0.45013347268104553 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Pathogen |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4500945210456848 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4447776675224304 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Virology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4415940046310425 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Vaccination |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic |
| keywords[9].score | 0.43586307764053345 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Pandemic |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4330580234527588 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019 |
| keywords[11].score | 0.38631072640419006 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[12].score | 0.31697577238082886 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease |
| keywords[13].score | 0.26085805892944336 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[14].score | 0.09410250186920166 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Computer science |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.07553 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.07553 |
| locations[0].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | False |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07553 |
| locations[1].id | doi:10.48550/arxiv.2205.07553 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.07553 |
| indexed_in | arxiv, datacite |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060059292 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-8692 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Anabelle Wong |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Wong, Anabelle |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5078750029 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Laura Barrero |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Barrero, Laura |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5016228445 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-1730 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Elizabeth Goult |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Goult, Elizabeth |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5001537929 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3160-0407 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Michael Briga |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Briga, Michael |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028877516 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-2309 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Sarah Krämer |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Kramer, Sarah C. |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101725378 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7153-8256 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Aleksandra Kovačević |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Kovacevic, Aleksandra |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061270982 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-700X |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Lulla Opatowski |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Opatowski, Lulla |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039202407 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9302-4858 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Matthieu Domenech de Cellès |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | de Cellès, Matthieu Domenech |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.07553 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2022-05-22T00:00:00 |
| display_name | The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with co-circulating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9986000061035156 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| primary_topic.display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2994176440, https://openalex.org/W2510575233, https://openalex.org/W2481749367, https://openalex.org/W830718730, https://openalex.org/W2495367848, https://openalex.org/W2793477322, https://openalex.org/W4236720793, https://openalex.org/W1992228662, https://openalex.org/W4246786946, https://openalex.org/W2503931704 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.07553 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.07553 |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07553 |
| primary_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.07553 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.07553 |
| primary_location.version | submittedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | False |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07553 |
| publication_date | 2022-05-16 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 70, 76, 211, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.11 | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.14 | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Of | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 23, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 69, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 8, 30, 41, 60, 112, 135, 141, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 109, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 36, 55, 79, 172, 179, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 53, 73, 151, 202, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 16, 26, 88, 119, 146, 175, 190, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.few | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 1, 6, 28, 38, 57, 93, 103, 110, 133, 138, 153, 223, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.More | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.body | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 31, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 11, 122, 188, 230, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way, | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 165, 169, 177, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 13, 43, 114, 128, 196, 210, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Next, | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 62, 99, 156, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aimed | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.argue | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infer | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 14, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prone | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sign, | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 81, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tools | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viral | 139, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animal | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.become | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 129, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 98, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.poorly | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remain | 49, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.riskof | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simple | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Despite | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biases, | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capture | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focused | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models, | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolve | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showing | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 105, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viruses | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defined. | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 171, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 61, 95, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forecast | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.however, | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerous | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogen | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviewed | 92, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severity | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies. | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggests | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacterial | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conjugate | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duration, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elucidate | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequent. | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generally | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influenza | 116, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.naturally | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogen, | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogens | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strength, | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symmetry, | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaccines, | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2 | 9, 42, 63, 100, 157, 199, 208, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulated | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework. | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generally, | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection. | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invaluable | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism. | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogens; | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components: | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified, | 106, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporate | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrative | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interaction | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.persistence | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substantial | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.availability | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.co-infection | 113, 123, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confounding. | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inconsistent | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasingly | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 40, 68, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perspective, | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pneumococcal | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations. | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specifically | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaccinations | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nevertheless, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions, | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions. | 64, 101, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncertainties | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.co-circulation | 12, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-attenuated | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epidemiological | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mono-infection. | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-epidemics | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-epidemics, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multidisciplinary | 239 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8600000143051147 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile |