The Metaverse Is Geospatial: A System Model Architecture Integrating Spatial Computing, Digital Twins, and Virtual Worlds Article Swipe
Theofilos Papadopoulos
,
Konstantinos Evangelidis
,
Theodore H. Kaskalis
,
Georgios Evangelidis
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14030126
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14030126
Virtual geographic environments long simulated real-world scenarios in urban planning, monument preservation, city infrastructure management, education, and entertainment. Their web-based visualisation and distribution made these environments widely accessible. However, many systems remain static, lacking real-time data integration and multi-user collaboration, while virtual worlds designed for the Metaverse emphasise dynamic interaction yet often omit essential geospatial context. Bridging this gap is critical for advancing virtual geographic environments into the next generation. In this paper, we present a modular system architecture for applications demonstrating geospatial virtual worlds over the web. Our goal is to provide a generic, well-structured framework that exposes the essential classes and interfaces needed for building 3D virtual worlds with geospatial data at their core. Our work focuses on defining specific geospatial components, methods, classes, and interfaces that form the foundation of a modern geospatial virtual environment in the Metaverse era. The proposed architecture is organised into three layers: access, world, and integration, which together enable accurate mapping and integration of real-time sensor data, digital twin synchronisation, and support for location-based services. Our analysis reveals that while most current solutions excel in either multi-user interaction or geospatial data management, they rarely combine both. In contrast, our model delivers enhanced geospatial focus, real-time collaboration, and interoperability between physical and digital realms. Overall, this work lays a solid foundation for future innovations in creating immersive, interactive, and geospatially grounded virtual experiences over the web, marking an important step in the evolution of virtual geographic environments for the Metaverse era.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14030126
- https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/3/126/pdf?version=1741611288
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 2
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- 50
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- 10
- OpenAlex ID
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All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4408290782Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14030126Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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The Metaverse Is Geospatial: A System Model Architecture Integrating Spatial Computing, Digital Twins, and Virtual WorldsWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-03-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Theofilos Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Evangelidis, Theodore H. Kaskalis, Georgios EvangelidisList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14030126Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/3/126/pdf?version=1741611288Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/3/126/pdf?version=1741611288Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Metaverse, Geospatial analysis, Computer science, Architecture, Human–computer interaction, Data science, Virtual reality, Geography, Remote sensing, ArchaeologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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2Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.marking | 233 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.scenarios | 6 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.simulated | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions | 180 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.foundation | 131, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geographic | 1, 64, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geospatial | 54, 82, 111, 122, 135, 187, 200 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.interfaces | 103, 127 |
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| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
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| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |