The Optical Light Curve of GRB 221009A: The Afterglow and the Emerging Supernova Article Swipe

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M. Fulton , S. J. Smartt , Lauren Rhodes , M. E. Huber , V. Ashley Villar , T. Moore , Shubham Srivastav , A. S. B. Schultz , K. C. Chambers , L. Izzo , J. Hjorth , T. W. Chen , M. Nicholl , R. J. Foley , A. Rest , K. Smith , D. R. Young , Stuart Sim , Joe Bright , Yossef Zenati , Thomas de Boer , J. Bulger , J. Fairlamb , Hua Gao , Chien-Cheng Lin , T. Lowe , E. A. Magnier , I. A. Smith , R. J. Wainscoat , D. A. Coulter , D. O. Jones , C. D. Kilpatrick , Peter McGill , E. Ramirez‐Ruiz , Kyoung-Soo Lee , Gautham Narayan , Vandana Ramakrishnan , Ryan Ridden-Harper , Akriti Singh , Qinan Wang , A. K. H. Kong , Chow‐Choong Ngeow , Y. C. Pan , S. Yang , Kyle W. Davis , Anthony L. Piro , C. Rojas-Bravo , Julian S. Sommer , S. K. Yadavalli ·

YOU? · · 2023 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc101

We present extensive optical photometry of the afterglow of GRB 221009A. Our data cover 0.9–59.9 days from the time of Swift and Fermi gamma-ray burst (GRB) detections. Photometry in rizy -band filters was collected primarily with Pan-STARRS and supplemented by multiple 1–4 m imaging facilities. We analyzed the Swift X-ray data of the afterglow and found a single decline rate power law f ( t ) ∝ t −1.556±0.002 best describes the light curve. In addition to the high foreground Milky Way dust extinction along this line of sight, the data favor additional extinction to consistently model the optical to X-ray flux with optically thin synchrotron emission. We fit the X-ray-derived power law to the optical light curve and find good agreement with the measured data up to 5−6 days. Thereafter we find a flux excess in the riy bands that peaks in the observer frame at ∼20 days. This excess shares similar light-curve profiles to the Type Ic broad-lined supernovae SN 2016jca and SN 2017iuk once corrected for the GRB redshift of z = 0.151 and arbitrarily scaled. This may be representative of an SN emerging from the declining afterglow. We measure rest-frame absolute peak AB magnitudes of M g = −19.8 ± 0.6 and M r = − 19.4 ± 0.3 and M z = −20.1 ± 0.3. If this is an SN component, then Bayesian modeling of the excess flux would imply explosion parameters of M ⊙ , M ⊙ , and km s −1 , for the ejecta mass, nickel mass, and ejecta velocity respectively, inferring an explosion energy of E kin ≃ 2.6–9.0 × 10 52 erg.

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Physics Afterglow Light curve Astrophysics Gamma-ray burst Supernova Photometry (optics) Redshift Galaxy Power law Milky Way Flux (metallurgy) Stars Extinction (optical mineralogy) Astronomy Optics Materials science Metallurgy Mathematics Statistics

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc101
PDF: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/acc101/pdf
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Cited By: 38
References: 60
Related Works: 10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc101

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Title: The Optical Light Curve of GRB 221009A: The Afterglow and the Emerging Supernova

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2023

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Publication date: 2023-03-01

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Authors: M. Fulton, S. J. Smartt, Lauren Rhodes, M. E. Huber, V. Ashley Villar, T. Moore, Shubham Srivastav, A. S. B. Schultz, K. C. Chambers, L. Izzo, J. Hjorth, T. W. Chen, M. Nicholl, R. J. Foley, A. Rest, K. Smith, D. R. Young, Stuart Sim, Joe Bright, Yossef Zenati, Thomas de Boer, J. Bulger, J. Fairlamb, Hua Gao, Chien-Cheng Lin, T. Lowe, E. A. Magnier, I. A. Smith, R. J. Wainscoat, D. A. Coulter, D. O. Jones, C. D. Kilpatrick, Peter McGill, E. Ramirez‐Ruiz, Kyoung-Soo Lee, Gautham Narayan, Vandana Ramakrishnan, Ryan Ridden-Harper, Akriti Singh, Qinan Wang, A. K. H. Kong, Chow‐Choong Ngeow, Y. C. Pan, S. Yang, Kyle W. Davis, Anthony L. Piro, C. Rojas-Bravo, Julian S. Sommer, S. K. Yadavalli

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc101

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Concepts: Physics, Afterglow, Light curve, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst, Supernova, Photometry (optics), Redshift, Galaxy, Power law, Milky Way, Flux (metallurgy), Stars, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Astronomy, Optics, Materials science, Metallurgy, Mathematics, Statistics

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