The role of genetic and hormonal factors in shaping exercise responses andperformance in children: a comprehensive review Article Swipe

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Gholamreza Zourmand , Morteza Taheri , Ebrahim Shaabani Ezdini , Khadijeh Irandoust ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2025.71.5.10

This review aims to explore the role of genetic and hormonal factors in shaping exercise responses and performance in children, providing insights into their implications for training and talent identification. A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was conducted, analyzing studies published between 2014 and 2024. The review focused on genetic predispositions, key hormones regulating exercise performance, and their combined influence on physical development in children. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals and analyzed using a descriptive approach to identify patterns and practical applications in pediatric exercise science. The review highlights that genetic factors play a foundational role in determining physical attributes such as muscle composition, aerobic capacity, and metabolic efficiency. Key genes, including ACTN3 and ACE, have been linked to variations in strength, endurance, and recovery potential. Hormonal factors, particularly growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, testosterone, and cortisol, dynamically influence exercise adaptation, with significant changes occurring during developmental stages. The interaction between genetic and hormonal influences suggests that personalized training approaches can optimize performance while considering developmental stages and environmental factors. Ethical considerations surrounding genetic testing for talent identification remain a critical concern, emphasizing the need for responsible and evidence-based application in pediatric sports programs. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the relationship between genetic and hormonal factors for designing individualized exercise programs that enhance athletic potential while ensuring long-term health and well-being. Future research should focus on integrating genetic and hormonal insights with environmental and behavioral factors to develop holistic training strategies for children.

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Hormone Medicine Physiology Biology Psychology Internal medicine

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Type: review
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2025.71.5.10
PDF: https://cellmolbiol.org/index.php/CMB/article/download/5829/3613
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2025.71.5.10

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Title: The role of genetic and hormonal factors in shaping exercise responses andperformance in children: a comprehensive review

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Type: review

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-05-26

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Authors: Gholamreza Zourmand, Morteza Taheri, Ebrahim Shaabani Ezdini, Khadijeh Irandoust

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2025.71.5.10

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PDF URL: https://cellmolbiol.org/index.php/CMB/article/download/5829/3613

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OA status: hybrid

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OA URL: https://cellmolbiol.org/index.php/CMB/article/download/5829/3613

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Concepts: Hormone, Medicine, Physiology, Biology, Psychology, Internal medicine

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abstract_inverted_index.responses	15
abstract_inverted_index.strength,	123
abstract_inverted_index.Therefore,	196
abstract_inverted_index.approaches	161
abstract_inverted_index.attributes	101
abstract_inverted_index.behavioral	237
abstract_inverted_index.conducted,	38
abstract_inverted_index.endurance,	124
abstract_inverted_index.highlights	90
abstract_inverted_index.influences	156
abstract_inverted_index.literature	36
abstract_inverted_index.potential.	127
abstract_inverted_index.regulating	54
abstract_inverted_index.strategies	243
abstract_inverted_index.understand	201
abstract_inverted_index.variations	121
abstract_inverted_index.adaptation,	142
abstract_inverted_index.application	191
abstract_inverted_index.considering	166
abstract_inverted_index.descriptive	76
abstract_inverted_index.determining	99
abstract_inverted_index.development	63
abstract_inverted_index.dynamically	139
abstract_inverted_index.efficiency.	110
abstract_inverted_index.emphasizing	184
abstract_inverted_index.integrating	229
abstract_inverted_index.interaction	151
abstract_inverted_index.performance	17, 164
abstract_inverted_index.responsible	188
abstract_inverted_index.significant	144
abstract_inverted_index.surrounding	174
abstract_inverted_index.well-being.	223
abstract_inverted_index.applications	83
abstract_inverted_index.composition,	105
abstract_inverted_index.foundational	96
abstract_inverted_index.implications	24
abstract_inverted_index.insulin-like	133
abstract_inverted_index.particularly	130
abstract_inverted_index.performance,	56
abstract_inverted_index.personalized	159
abstract_inverted_index.relationship	203
abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive	31
abstract_inverted_index.developmental	148, 167
abstract_inverted_index.environmental	170, 235
abstract_inverted_index.peer-reviewed	70
abstract_inverted_index.testosterone,	136
abstract_inverted_index.considerations	173
abstract_inverted_index.evidence-based	190
abstract_inverted_index.identification	179
abstract_inverted_index.individualized	211
abstract_inverted_index.identification.	29
abstract_inverted_index.predispositions,	51
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	2
institutions_distinct_count	4
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.21575754
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True