The Who in Explainable AI: How AI Background Shapes Perceptions of AI Explanations Article Swipe
Upol Ehsan
,
Samir Passi
,
Q. Vera Liao
,
Larry Chan
,
I-Hsiang Lee
,
Michael Müller
,
Mark Riedl
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
Explainability of AI systems is critical for users to take informed actions and hold systems accountable. While opening the opaque is important, understanding who opens the box can govern if the Human-AI interaction is effective. In this paper, we conduct a mixed-methods study of how two different groups of whos--people with and without a background in AI--perceive different types of AI explanations. These groups were chosen to look at how disparities in AI backgrounds can exacerbate the creator-consumer gap. We quantitatively share what the perceptions are along five dimensions: confidence, intelligence, understandability, second chance, and friendliness. Qualitatively, we highlight how the AI background influences each group's interpretations and elucidate why the differences might exist through the lenses of appropriation and cognitive heuristics. We find that (1) both groups had unwarranted faith in numbers, to different extents and for different reasons, (2) each group found explanatory values in different explanations that went beyond the usage we designed them for, and (3) each group had different requirements of what counts as humanlike explanations. Using our findings, we discuss potential negative consequences such as harmful manipulation of user trust and propose design interventions to mitigate them. By bringing conscious awareness to how and why AI backgrounds shape perceptions of potential creators and consumers in XAI, our work takes a formative step in advancing a pluralistic Human-centered Explainable AI discourse.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2107.13509
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 14
- References
- 123
- Related Works
- 20
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3184154804
All OpenAlex metadata
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- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3184154804Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- Title
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The Who in Explainable AI: How AI Background Shapes Perceptions of AI ExplanationsWork title
- Type
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preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2021Year of publication
- Publication date
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2021-07-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Upol Ehsan, Samir Passi, Q. Vera Liao, Larry Chan, I-Hsiang Lee, Michael Müller, Mark RiedlList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2107.13509Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2107.13509Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Appropriation, Heuristics, Perception, Formative assessment, Psychology, Social psychology, Artificial intelligence, Cognitive psychology, Computer science, Epistemology, Operating system, Neuroscience, Philosophy, PedagogyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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14Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 1, 2024: 1, 2023: 6, 2022: 3, 2021: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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123Number of works referenced by this work
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20Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.is | 4, 21, 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 1, 44, 49, 60, 118, 166, 184, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 8, 67, 134, 191, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 39, 98, 155, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1) | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2) | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3) | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 12, 52, 95, 108, 120, 137, 159, 187, 200, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.box | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 28, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 6, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.had | 129, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 45, 70, 100, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 173, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 18, 26, 31, 77, 84, 101, 111, 116, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.why | 110, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.XAI, | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 105, 142, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.find | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for, | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gap. | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hold | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.look | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.step | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.take | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 125, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.them | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.user | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.went | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.what | 83, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Using | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.While | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.along | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exist | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.faith | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 143, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.might | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opens | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shape | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.share | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.takes | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.them. | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trust | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.usage | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beyond | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chosen | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.counts | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.govern | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 48, 64, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lenses | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opaque | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.second | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actions | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chance, | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conduct | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discuss | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extents | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group's | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.harmful | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opening | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 3, 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Human-AI | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bringing | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.creators | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.informed | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigate | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.negative | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numbers, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reasons, | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advancing | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.awareness | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cognitive | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conscious | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumers | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 47, 58, 135, 139, 148, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elucidate | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings, | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formative | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlight | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.humanlike | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 177, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.background | 55, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discourse. | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective. | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exacerbate | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important, | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influences | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Explainable | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.backgrounds | 74, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confidence, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimensions: | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disparities | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explanatory | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heuristics. | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interaction | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perceptions | 85, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pluralistic | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unwarranted | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AI--perceive | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accountable. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consequences | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explanations | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manipulation | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whos--people | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appropriation | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explanations. | 62, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.friendliness. | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligence, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interventions | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixed-methods | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understanding | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Explainability | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Human-centered | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Qualitatively, | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantitatively | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interpretations | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.creator-consumer | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understandability, | 92 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7200000286102295 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Peace, Justice and strong institutions |
| citation_normalized_percentile |