Three-Dimensional Path Tracking of Over-Actuated AUVs Based on MPC and Variable Universe S-Plane Algorithms Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are widely used for the inspection of seabed pipelines. To address the issues of low trajectory tracking accuracy in AUV inspection processes due to uncertain ocean current disturbances, this paper designs a new dual-loop controller based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Variable Universe S-plane algorithms (S-VUD FLC, where VUD represents Variable Universe Discourse and FLC represents Fuzzy Logic Control) to achieve three-dimensional (3-D) trajectory tracking of an over-actuated AUV under uncertain ocean current disturbances. This paper uses MPC as the outer-loop position controller and S-VUD FLC as the inner-loop speed controller. The outer-loop controller generates desired speed instructions that are passed to the inner-loop speed controller, while the inner-loop speed controller generates control input and uses a direct logic thrust distribution method that approaches optimal energy consumption to distribute the thrust generated by the propellers to the over-actuated AUV, achieving closed-loop tracking of the entire trajectory. When designing the outer-loop MPC controller, the actual control input constraints of the system are considered, and control increments are introduced to reduce control model errors and the impact of uncertain external disturbances on the actual AUV model parameters. When designing the inner-loop S-VUD FLC, the strong robustness of the variable universe fuzzy controller and the easy construction characteristics of the S-plane algorithm are combined, and integral action is introduced to improve the system’s tracking accuracy. The stability of the outer loop controller is proven by the Lyapunov method, and the stability of the inner loop controller is verified by simulation. Finally, simulations show that the over-actuated AUV has fast tracking processes and high tracking result accuracy under uncertain ocean current disturbances, demonstrating the effectiveness of the designed dual-loop controller.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418
- https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/3/418/pdf?version=1709016414
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 40
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4392193203
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4392193203Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Three-Dimensional Path Tracking of Over-Actuated AUVs Based on MPC and Variable Universe S-Plane AlgorithmsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-02-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Feng Xu, Lei Zhang, Jibin ZhongList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/3/418/pdf?version=1709016414Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/3/418/pdf?version=1709016414Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Variable (mathematics), Path (computing), Tracking (education), Plane (geometry), Algorithm, Universe, Computer science, Physics, Mathematics, Geometry, Psychology, Mathematical analysis, Astronomy, Pedagogy, Programming languageTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
40Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4392193203 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4392193203 |
| fwci | 3.18094536 |
| type | article |
| title | Three-Dimensional Path Tracking of Over-Actuated AUVs Based on MPC and Variable Universe S-Plane Algorithms |
| biblio.issue | 3 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 418 |
| biblio.first_page | 418 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10586 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1707 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| topics[0].display_name | Robotic Path Planning Algorithms |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10040 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9983000159263611 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11615 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9976000189781189 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Control and Dynamics of Mobile Robots |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2165 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C182365436 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6495375633239746 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Variable (mathematics) |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2777735758 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6130349636077881 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Path (computing) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2775936607 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.610665500164032 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Tracking (education) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C17825722 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5010578632354736 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Plane (geometry) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4833759665489197 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C84999194 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4448798894882202 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Universe |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4228474497795105 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.284938246011734 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.2510451078414917 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2524010 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.13681861758232117 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Geometry |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.08940163254737854 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C134306372 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.08698207139968872 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Mathematical analysis |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C1276947 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.08113834261894226 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Astronomy |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C19417346 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Pedagogy |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Programming language |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/variable |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6495375633239746 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Variable (mathematics) |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/path |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6130349636077881 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Path (computing) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking |
| keywords[2].score | 0.610665500164032 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Tracking (education) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/plane |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5010578632354736 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Plane (geometry) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4833759665489197 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/universe |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4448798894882202 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Universe |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4228474497795105 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.284938246011734 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.2510451078414917 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry |
| keywords[9].score | 0.13681861758232117 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Geometry |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.08940163254737854 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Psychology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis |
| keywords[11].score | 0.08698207139968872 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Mathematical analysis |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy |
| keywords[12].score | 0.08113834261894226 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Astronomy |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/jmse12030418 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2736865057 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2077-1312 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2077-1312 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/3/418/pdf?version=1709016414 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:164554bb5916468db5adffefec541c35 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 418 (2024) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/164554bb5916468db5adffefec541c35 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102532958 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-2707 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Feng Xu |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Information Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041qf4r12 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Petroleum, Beijing |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Feng Xu |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Information Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100433940 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-5773 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Lei Zhang |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Information Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041qf4r12 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Petroleum, Beijing |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Lei Zhang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Information Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5042244831 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jibin Zhong |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I158108717 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300461, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I158108717 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/054dq0621 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I158108717 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China) |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jibin Zhong |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300461, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/3/418/pdf?version=1709016414 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Three-Dimensional Path Tracking of Over-Actuated AUVs Based on MPC and Variable Universe S-Plane Algorithms |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10586 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1707 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| primary_topic.display_name | Robotic Path Planning Algorithms |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2084086966, https://openalex.org/W2023861399, https://openalex.org/W2730915376, https://openalex.org/W2626306547, https://openalex.org/W2021396365, https://openalex.org/W2394134009, https://openalex.org/W2119515433, https://openalex.org/W2009561238, https://openalex.org/W1340065, https://openalex.org/W2764080676 |
| cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/jmse12030418 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2736865057 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2077-1312 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2077-1312 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/3/418/pdf?version=1709016414 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/jmse12030418 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2736865057 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2077-1312 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2077-1312 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/3/418/pdf?version=1709016414 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030418 |
| publication_date | 2024-02-27 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2033750456, https://openalex.org/W2559338715, https://openalex.org/W4323351759, https://openalex.org/W4321442220, https://openalex.org/W2002675616, https://openalex.org/W4297820465, https://openalex.org/W4365140218, https://openalex.org/W2277083521, https://openalex.org/W6707408894, https://openalex.org/W2410619805, https://openalex.org/W3125132492, https://openalex.org/W2094391277, https://openalex.org/W2024808626, https://openalex.org/W2071928104, https://openalex.org/W2496194088, https://openalex.org/W3105374275, https://openalex.org/W2969880778, https://openalex.org/W4296050578, https://openalex.org/W3083460132, https://openalex.org/W2998018879, https://openalex.org/W2347253366, https://openalex.org/W4308690782, https://openalex.org/W4381684818, https://openalex.org/W4378228055, https://openalex.org/W4308872455, https://openalex.org/W4327949059, https://openalex.org/W3154731096, https://openalex.org/W2136579214, https://openalex.org/W3196953191, https://openalex.org/W3183611164, https://openalex.org/W3195195561, https://openalex.org/W4307906980, https://openalex.org/W4308033099, https://openalex.org/W3187771405, https://openalex.org/W1991045883, https://openalex.org/W1997933656, https://openalex.org/W2138146473, https://openalex.org/W2428025846, https://openalex.org/W4293334874, https://openalex.org/W2364580834 |
| referenced_works_count | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 35, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 83, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 137, 236, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 219, 234, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 10, 17, 70, 147, 162, 180, 199, 210, 229, 243, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 40, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 27, 64, 106, 132, 140, 172, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AUV | 23, 73, 187, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FLC | 59, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MPC | 82, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 96, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.VUD | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 45, 58, 88, 119, 167, 177, 205, 216, 240, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 4, 104, 165, 170, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 8, 15, 84, 92, 107, 112, 134, 138, 141, 148, 153, 157, 163, 178, 185, 192, 196, 200, 206, 211, 223, 230, 237, 241, 244, 256, 274, 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AUV, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FLC, | 51, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 151, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.easy | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fast | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loop | 232, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 103, 127, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uses | 81, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3-D) | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MPC) | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fuzzy | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Logic | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Model | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.S-VUD | 89, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fuzzy | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inner | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.input | 118, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.logic | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 175, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ocean | 29, 76, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outer | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 33, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speed | 94, 101, 109, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 74, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AUVs) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(S-VUD | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.action | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actual | 158, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direct | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.entire | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.passed | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proven | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.result | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seabed | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strong | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thrust | 124, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Control | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.S-plane | 48, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 117, 159, 168, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 30, 77, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designs | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.desired | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method, | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Control) | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lyapunov | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Universe | 47, 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Variable | 46, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Vehicles | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 21, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.external | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integral | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.position | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tracking | 20, 69, 146, 225, 261, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.universe | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verified | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Discourse | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy. | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieving | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combined, | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designing | 152, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dual-loop | 37, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generated | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generates | 99, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes | 25, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stability | 228, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncertain | 28, 75, 181, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Autonomous | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Predictive | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Underwater | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controller | 38, 87, 98, 115, 204, 233, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribute | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increments | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inner-loop | 93, 108, 113, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inspection | 9, 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduced | 171, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outer-loop | 85, 97, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pipelines. | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propellers | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represents | 54, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.robustness | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system’s | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trajectory | 19, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.closed-loop | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considered, | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraints | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controller, | 110, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controller. | 95, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters. | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation. | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulations | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trajectory. | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construction | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disturbances | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instructions | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrating | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disturbances, | 31, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disturbances. | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over-actuated | 72, 142, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three-dimensional | 66 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5102532958 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8799999952316284 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.87351018 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |