Three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for augmented reality display Article Swipe
Yongli Song
,
Jiaqi Yuan
,
Qinmiao Chen
,
Xiaoyuan Liu
,
Yin Zhou
,
Jialuo Cheng
,
Shumin Xiao
,
Mu Ku Chen
,
Zihan Geng
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9
Augmented reality (AR) displays have gained significant attention for their ability to blend the real and virtual worlds seamlessly. However, they face challenges like the vergence-accommodation conflict and a limited eyebox. The AR community is actively seeking lightweight, integrative optical elements to overcome these limitations. In this study, we demonstrate a three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for AR display. The meta-device is composed of three cascaded metasurfaces with Moiré and off-center Fresnel lens phase profiles designed to dynamically manipulate the focus point in three-dimensional space. The cascaded metasurfaces are designed and fabricated by the TiO 2 nanopillars with varying diameters, which are polarization-insensitive for light field manipulation. The focal point position is precisely controlled by the relative rotation between the metasurfaces. The meta-device achieves an effective focal length ranging from 3.7 mm to 33.2 mm and can adjust the lateral focal point within the same range. The dynamic eyebox size varies from 4.2 mm to 5.8 mm. This lightweight, integrated meta-device is well-suited for various imaging applications, including AR displays, as it simultaneously addresses the vergence-accommodation conflict and expands the eyebox.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9
- https://photonix.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 13
- References
- 49
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4408298040
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4408298040Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for augmented reality displayWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-03-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Yongli Song, Jiaqi Yuan, Qinmiao Chen, Xiaoyuan Liu, Yin Zhou, Jialuo Cheng, Shumin Xiao, Mu Ku Chen, Zihan GengList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://photonix.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://photonix.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Augmented reality, Computer science, Computer graphics (images), Head-up display, Human–computer interaction, Computer visionTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
13Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 13Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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49Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.5.8 | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 32, 58, 84, 106, 120, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TiO | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 16, 28, 68, 89, 134, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 87, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 9, 55, 102, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mm. | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 14, 25, 78, 92, 114, 118, 137, 142, 173, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AR) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.33.2 | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.face | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 128, 150 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.lens | 71 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.real | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 66, 96 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.field | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focal | 107, 125, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.light | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.point | 80, 108, 140 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.these | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moiré | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjust | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eyebox | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gained | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.length | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range. | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space. | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varies | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worlds | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fresnel | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expands | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eyebox. | 31, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imaging | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lateral | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optical | 40 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.reality | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seeking | 37 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.varying | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virtual | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieves | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actively | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cascaded | 64, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.composed | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conflict | 27, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 74, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.display. | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.displays | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elements | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overcome | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.position | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profiles | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rotation | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Augmented | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addresses | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attention | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.community | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.displays, | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precisely | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varifocal | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diameters, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fabricated | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrated | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manipulate | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.off-center | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamically | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrative | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-device | 54, 59, 121, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanopillars | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seamlessly. | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-suited | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lightweight, | 38, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limitations. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metasurfaces | 65, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications, | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manipulation. | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metasurfaces. | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simultaneously | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three-dimensional | 52, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vergence-accommodation | 26, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polarization-insensitive | 101 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 99 |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.99488838 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |