Topology Optimization for Rudder Structures Considering Additive Manufacturing and Flutter Effects Article Swipe
Heng Zhang
,
Shuanghu Shi
,
Xiaohong Ding
,
Jiandong Yang
,
Min Xiong
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208
This paper presents a multi-constraint topology optimization strategy for rudder structures, integrating additive manufacturing (AM)-related overhang angle and flutter-performance considerations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to couple AM overhang control with mass center (flutter) steering in a single density-based formulation for flight control rudder structures. The approach incorporates constraints on structural volume fraction, overhang angle for AM, and mass center positioning to address multi-function design objectives—structural lightweighting, stiffness, aerodynamic stability, and manufacturability. A build-direction-aware projection filter and a smooth Heaviside mass center constraint are introduced to enforce these requirements during every optimization iteration. The resulting layout converges to a sandwich-type rudder with balanced mechanical performance and AM feasibility. Simulation results show that enforcing overhang constraints reduces support material usage by 46.9% and residual deformation by 14.2%, significantly enhancing AM feasibility. Additionally, introducing center-of-mass constraints improves flutter velocity from 3327 m s−1 to 3759 m s−1, indicating a 6.84% increase over conventional optimization and demonstrating improved dynamic stability. These simultaneous gains in manufacturability and aeroelastic safety, achieved without post-processing, underline the novelty and practical value of the proposed constraint set. The strategy thus offers a practical and efficient design method for high-performance, AM-friendly rudder structures with superior mechanical and aerodynamic characteristics, and it can be readily extended to other mission-critical AM components.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/9/208/pdf?version=1756731975
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 24
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4413880079
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4413880079Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Topology Optimization for Rudder Structures Considering Additive Manufacturing and Flutter EffectsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-09-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Heng Zhang, Shuanghu Shi, Xiaohong Ding, Jiandong Yang, Min XiongList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/9/208/pdf?version=1756731975Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/9/208/pdf?version=1756731975Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Flutter, Rudder, Topology optimization, Topology (electrical circuits), Computer science, Engineering, Structural engineering, Aerospace engineering, Aerodynamics, Electrical engineering, Finite element methodTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
24Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4413880079 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4413880079 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Topology Optimization for Rudder Structures Considering Additive Manufacturing and Flutter Effects |
| biblio.issue | 9 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 208 |
| biblio.first_page | 208 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| grants[0].award_id | 52375257 |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11115 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Topology Optimization in Engineering |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12190 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9976000189781189 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2215 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Building and Construction |
| topics[1].display_name | Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10221 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9965999722480774 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2211 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Mechanics of Materials |
| topics[2].display_name | Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1515 |
| apc_paid.value | 1400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1515 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2777834885 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8720664381980896 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13417156 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Flutter |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C183776436 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8577494621276855 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209760 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Rudder |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C189216461 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6261605620384216 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443456 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Topology optimization |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C184720557 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5775777101516724 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Topology (electrical circuits) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3813340961933136 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.35921597480773926 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C66938386 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.2730981707572937 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Structural engineering |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C146978453 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.09769809246063232 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Aerospace engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C13393347 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.09744665026664734 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Aerodynamics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.08176049590110779 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C135628077 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.05928441882133484 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Finite element method |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/flutter |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8720664381980896 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Flutter |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/rudder |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8577494621276855 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Rudder |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/topology-optimization |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6261605620384216 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Topology optimization |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/topology |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5775777101516724 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Topology (electrical circuits) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3813340961933136 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.35921597480773926 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering |
| keywords[6].score | 0.2730981707572937 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Structural engineering |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.09769809246063232 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Aerospace engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.09744665026664734 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Aerodynamics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.08176049590110779 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method |
| keywords[10].score | 0.05928441882133484 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Finite element method |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/computation13090208 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2738402919 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2079-3197 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2079-3197 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Computation |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/9/208/pdf?version=1756731975 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Computation |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:352b96a10bb1414b90bcc22895b993aa |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Computation, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 208 (2025) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/352b96a10bb1414b90bcc22895b993aa |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100747459 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-6865 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Heng Zhang |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00ay9v204 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Shanghai for Science and Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Heng Zhang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5109401173 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Shuanghu Shi |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00ay9v204 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Shanghai for Science and Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Shuaijie Shi |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101585100 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9655-0055 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Xiaohong Ding |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00ay9v204 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Shanghai for Science and Technology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Xiaohong Ding |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5006660708 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-0237 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Jiandong Yang |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00ay9v204 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Shanghai for Science and Technology |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Jiandong Yang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101496196 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-5099 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Min Xiong |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00ay9v204 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I148128674 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Shanghai for Science and Technology |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Min Xiong |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/9/208/pdf?version=1756731975 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Topology Optimization for Rudder Structures Considering Additive Manufacturing and Flutter Effects |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11115 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Topology Optimization in Engineering |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2169157686, https://openalex.org/W2605242147, https://openalex.org/W3196346419, https://openalex.org/W2386267831, https://openalex.org/W2917584747, https://openalex.org/W2332440039, https://openalex.org/W2081304691, https://openalex.org/W2127556255, https://openalex.org/W3018492858, https://openalex.org/W279903623 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/computation13090208 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2738402919 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2079-3197 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2079-3197 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Computation |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/9/208/pdf?version=1756731975 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Computation |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/computation13090208 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2738402919 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2079-3197 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2079-3197 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Computation |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/9/208/pdf?version=1756731975 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Computation |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090208 |
| publication_date | 2025-09-01 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2035783290, https://openalex.org/W2023377641, https://openalex.org/W2080149604, https://openalex.org/W2119627035, https://openalex.org/W2106196065, https://openalex.org/W2037633533, https://openalex.org/W2888638077, https://openalex.org/W2039850053, https://openalex.org/W2493410034, https://openalex.org/W3084008131, https://openalex.org/W2520096069, https://openalex.org/W2955039361, https://openalex.org/W2954359765, https://openalex.org/W4361006756, https://openalex.org/W4221082073, https://openalex.org/W3138092148, https://openalex.org/W4401579375, https://openalex.org/W1981400117, https://openalex.org/W2016135537, https://openalex.org/W1975383645, https://openalex.org/W2057091215, https://openalex.org/W4408630464, https://openalex.org/W2375472175, https://openalex.org/W3006688128 |
| referenced_works_count | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 42, 83, 104, 152, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.m | 145, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AM | 33, 112, 134, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 125, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 41, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 23, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 31, 67, 91, 103, 147, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AM, | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 51, 99, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 17, 63, 76, 82, 111, 127, 158, 168, 177, 191, 203, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 8, 46, 61, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 21, 28, 175, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3327 | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3759 | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.best | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass | 37, 64, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set. | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thus | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 36, 107, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.46.9% | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6.84% | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.angle | 16, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.every | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gains | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.s−1 | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.usage | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.value | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.14.2%, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.center | 38, 65, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.couple | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 70, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filter | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flight | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layout | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offers | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rudder | 9, 49, 106, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smooth | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.s−1, | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volume | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 35, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enforce | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flutter | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novelty | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.readily | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety, | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additive | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.balanced | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extended | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improves | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overhang | 15, 34, 59, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residual | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steering | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy | 7, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superior | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topology | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.velocity | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(flutter) | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Heaviside | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.converges | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enforcing | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancing | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fraction, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practical | 178, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underline | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Simulation | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraint | 88, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicating | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduced | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iteration. | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanical | 109, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.projection | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stability, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stability. | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stiffness, | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AM-friendly | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aerodynamic | 74, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aeroelastic | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components. | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraints | 54, 120, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deformation | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulation | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrating | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introducing | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positioning | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures, | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures. | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AM)-related | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feasibility. | 113, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporates | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 6, 97, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simultaneous | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additionally, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrating | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density-based | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manufacturing | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sandwich-type | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.center-of-mass | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-function | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considerations. | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lightweighting, | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics, | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mission-critical | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-constraint | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.post-processing, | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-performance, | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manufacturability | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manufacturability. | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flutter-performance | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.build-direction-aware | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objectives—structural | 71 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.45164371 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |