Towards the Body of Androgyny: A Feminist Perspective on Daoist Philosophy of Yinyang and Cultivational Practices Article Swipe
Li-li Zhang
,
Pei-Wei Wang
,
Li-li Zhang
,
Pei-Wei Wang
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121493
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121493
This paper re-examines Daoist philosophy and practice through a feminist lens, arguing that Daoist cosmology articulates a dynamic ontology of gender grounded in cixiongtongti (雌雄同體, “the body of androgyny”). Drawing on classical and religious texts—including the Daodejing, Zhuangzi, Taishang Laojun Zhongjing, Santian Neijie Jing, and later alchemical writings—it demonstrates how Daoism envisions embodiment as a site of coexistence where masculine and feminine forces mutually generate and transform. Rather than privileging “feminine” values or reversing patriarchal hierarchies, Daoist yinyang metaphysics dissolves the binary itself, redefining equality as interdependence within difference. The study situates Daoism in dialogue with feminist and ecofeminist theories, acknowledging shared anti-dualist impulses while highlighting Daoism’s distinct cosmological grounding in the circulation of qi. Through analysis of textual metaphors and inner-alchemical practices such as male pregnancy and female transformation, the paper shows that Daoist cultivation performatively realizes male-female-co-existence (nannü gongsheng 男女共生) as both a philosophical and embodied principle. In doing so, it reveals Daoist thought as a vital resource for reimagining embodiment beyond essentialism—offering a non-hierarchical, pluralistic model of gender that integrates cosmology, corporeality, and spiritual practice.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121493
- https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/12/1493/pdf?version=1764085004
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W7106613499
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Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W7106613499Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121493Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Towards the Body of Androgyny: A Feminist Perspective on Daoist Philosophy of Yinyang and Cultivational PracticesWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-11-25Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Li-li Zhang, Pei-Wei Wang, Li-li Zhang, Pei-Wei WangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121493Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/12/1493/pdf?version=1764085004Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/12/1493/pdf?version=1764085004Direct OA link when available
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Perspective (graphical), Embodied cognition, Sociology, Epistemology, Ontology, Alchemy, Metaphysics, Feminist philosophy, Philosophy, Binary opposition, Aesthetics, Feminism, Gender studies, Feminist theory, Essentialism, Metaphor, Emic and etic, DialecticTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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10Number of works referenced by this work
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| abstract_inverted_index.lens, | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 1, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shows | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vital | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Daoism | 50, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Daoist | 3, 13, 76, 134, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Laojun | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Neijie | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rather | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beyond | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binary | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.female | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forces | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gender | 20, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shared | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“the | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(nannü | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Drawing | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Santian | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Through | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arguing | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.itself, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reveals | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.textual | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thought | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yinyang | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Taishang | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dialogue | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinct | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embodied | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equality | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feminine | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feminist | 9, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grounded | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impulses | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mutually | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ontology | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practice | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.realizes | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resource | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situates | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Zhuangzi, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classical | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cosmology | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissolves | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.envisions | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gongsheng | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grounding | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.masculine | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metaphors | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practice. | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practices | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pregnancy | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.religious | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reversing | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spiritual | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theories, | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Daodejing, | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Daoism’s | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Zhongjing, | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alchemical | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cosmology, | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embodiment | 52, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrates | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.philosophy | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principle. | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.redefining | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transform. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.articulates | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.circulation | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coexistence | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultivation | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecofeminist | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metaphysics | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patriarchal | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pluralistic | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.privileging | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.re-examines | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reimagining | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anti-dualist | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cosmological | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrates | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hierarchies, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighting | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acknowledging | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cixiongtongti | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corporeality, | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.philosophical | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.writings—it | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.男女共生) | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(雌雄同體, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.androgyny”). | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performatively | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“feminine” | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interdependence | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transformation, | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inner-alchemical | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-hierarchical, | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.texts—including | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essentialism—offering | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.male-female-co-existence | 138 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |