Trust and Mobility-Based Protocol for Secure Routing in Internet of Things Article Swipe
Syeda Mariam Muzammal
,
Raja Kumar Murugesan
,
N. Z. Jhanjhi
,
M. Shamim Hossain
,
Abdulsalam Yassine
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215
In the Internet of Things (IoT), the de facto Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is susceptible to several disruptive attacks based on its functionalities and features. Among various RPL security solutions, a trust-based security is easy to adapt for resource-constrained IoT environments. In the existing trust-based security for RPL routing attacks, nodes’ mobility is not considered or limited to only the sender nodes. Similarly, these trust-based protocols are not evaluated for mobile IoT environments, particularly regarding RPL attacks. Hence, a trust and mobility-based secure routing protocol is proposed, termed as SMTrust, by critically analysing the trust metrics involving the mobility-based metrics in IoT. SMTrust intends to provide security against RPL Rank and Blackhole attacks. The proposed protocol is evaluated in three different scenarios, including static and mobile nodes in an IoT network. SMTrust is compared with the default RPL objective function, Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF), SecTrust, DCTM, and MRTS. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed protocol outperforms with respect to packet loss rate, throughput, and topology stability. Moreover, SMTrust is validated using routing protocol requirements analysis to ensure that it fulfils the consistency, optimality, and loop-freeness.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6215/pdf?version=1660830574
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 40
- References
- 66
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4293778742
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4293778742Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Trust and Mobility-Based Protocol for Secure Routing in Internet of ThingsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-08-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Syeda Mariam Muzammal, Raja Kumar Murugesan, N. Z. Jhanjhi, M. Shamim Hossain, Abdulsalam YassineList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6215/pdf?version=1660830574Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6215/pdf?version=1660830574Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Computer science, Routing protocol, Computer network, Routing (electronic design automation), Protocol (science), Network packet, Throughput, Computer security, Distributed computing, Wireless, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Telecommunications, MedicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
40Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 7, 2024: 17, 2023: 14, 2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
66Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4293778742 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36015975 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4293778742 |
| fwci | 8.56966979 |
| type | article |
| title | Trust and Mobility-Based Protocol for Secure Routing in Internet of Things |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G3006653056 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321145 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | RSP-2021/32 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | King Saud University |
| biblio.issue | 16 |
| biblio.volume | 22 |
| biblio.last_page | 6215 |
| biblio.first_page | 6215 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11498 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[0].display_name | Security in Wireless Sensor Networks |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10080 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[1].display_name | Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10400 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[2].display_name | Network Security and Intrusion Detection |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321145 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| funders[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7912297248840332 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C104954878 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7343437671661377 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Routing protocol |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.697881817817688 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C74172769 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5274719595909119 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Routing (electronic design automation) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2780385302 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.44797483086586 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Protocol (science) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C158379750 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4414644241333008 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Network packet |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C157764524 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4165859520435333 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Throughput |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.39706844091415405 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C120314980 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3695492744445801 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Distributed computing |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C555944384 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.21324017643928528 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Wireless |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C204787440 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Alternative medicine |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7912297248840332 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7343437671661377 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Routing protocol |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network |
| keywords[2].score | 0.697881817817688 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Computer network |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/routing |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5274719595909119 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Routing (electronic design automation) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol |
| keywords[4].score | 0.44797483086586 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Protocol (science) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4414644241333008 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Network packet |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4165859520435333 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Throughput |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security |
| keywords[7].score | 0.39706844091415405 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Computer security |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3695492744445801 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Distributed computing |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless |
| keywords[9].score | 0.21324017643928528 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Wireless |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/s22166215 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6215/pdf?version=1660830574 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:36015975 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36015975 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1b419a140bf4bd98226c72001aaf468 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 16, p 6215 (2022) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/b1b419a140bf4bd98226c72001aaf468 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/16/6215/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 16; Pages: 6215 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166215 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9414598 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9414598 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065807238 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2960-1814 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Syeda Mariam Muzammal |
| authorships[0].countries | PK |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210088086 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Science, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210088086 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/004776246 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210088086 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | PK |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Capital University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Syeda Mariam Muzammal |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Science, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062919173 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9500-1361 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Raja Kumar Murugesan |
| authorships[1].countries | MY |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210143550 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Computer Science, SCE, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210143550 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0498pcx51 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210143550 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Taylor's University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Raja Kumar Murugesan |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Computer Science, SCE, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029582839 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-4733 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | N. Z. Jhanjhi |
| authorships[2].countries | MY |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210143550 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Computer Science, SCE, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210143550 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0498pcx51 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210143550 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Taylor's University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | NZ Jhanjhi |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Computer Science, SCE, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037865550 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-9422 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | M. Shamim Hossain |
| authorships[3].countries | SA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | M. Shamim Hossain |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083580867 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-0945 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Abdulsalam Yassine |
| authorships[4].countries | CA |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I72541430 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I72541430 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/023p7mg82 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I72541430 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Lakehead University |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Abdulsalam Yassine |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6215/pdf?version=1660830574 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Trust and Mobility-Based Protocol for Secure Routing in Internet of Things |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11498 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| primary_topic.display_name | Security in Wireless Sensor Networks |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2136583354, https://openalex.org/W2111238207, https://openalex.org/W2760721665, https://openalex.org/W330130819, https://openalex.org/W2288610023, https://openalex.org/W2112044895, https://openalex.org/W3121416282, https://openalex.org/W2281389338, https://openalex.org/W2037453743, https://openalex.org/W4312222450 |
| cited_by_count | 40 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 17 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 14 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/s22166215 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6215/pdf?version=1660830574 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/s22166215 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6215/pdf?version=1660830574 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166215 |
| publication_date | 2022-08-18 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2273675851, https://openalex.org/W3032258369, https://openalex.org/W2702883767, https://openalex.org/W4205946811, https://openalex.org/W3133564241, https://openalex.org/W4206017326, https://openalex.org/W3006210341, https://openalex.org/W2803967002, https://openalex.org/W2940445088, https://openalex.org/W3012541778, https://openalex.org/W4206357383, https://openalex.org/W3184472875, https://openalex.org/W2918682973, https://openalex.org/W4205498250, https://openalex.org/W3205196064, https://openalex.org/W2790799828, https://openalex.org/W6774227634, https://openalex.org/W2902437262, https://openalex.org/W2269222209, https://openalex.org/W3104716294, https://openalex.org/W2919782006, https://openalex.org/W2622206102, https://openalex.org/W2345456974, https://openalex.org/W2606431350, https://openalex.org/W2624846289, https://openalex.org/W2529623821, https://openalex.org/W2890378792, https://openalex.org/W2904959125, https://openalex.org/W2541307573, https://openalex.org/W3136794940, https://openalex.org/W3138423112, https://openalex.org/W2748266636, https://openalex.org/W2604890914, https://openalex.org/W2801118360, https://openalex.org/W2803073232, https://openalex.org/W2947753203, https://openalex.org/W4206434532, https://openalex.org/W2804695662, https://openalex.org/W2892077825, https://openalex.org/W2958212520, https://openalex.org/W2559341072, https://openalex.org/W2122516858, https://openalex.org/W2047301871, https://openalex.org/W2535712227, https://openalex.org/W6751210812, https://openalex.org/W3025291606, https://openalex.org/W2612967926, https://openalex.org/W2905244548, https://openalex.org/W2959711811, https://openalex.org/W2973212718, https://openalex.org/W2920030036, https://openalex.org/W2592360034, https://openalex.org/W2080226897, https://openalex.org/W2027307583, https://openalex.org/W2370696599, https://openalex.org/W2125555950, https://openalex.org/W2754649472, https://openalex.org/W2188680900, https://openalex.org/W2506281903, https://openalex.org/W2091169407, https://openalex.org/W2951764119, https://openalex.org/W2097346423, https://openalex.org/W1988643085, https://openalex.org/W250822895, https://openalex.org/W3006718744, https://openalex.org/W2802305814 |
| referenced_works_count | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 35, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 0, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.de | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 105, 123, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 18, 38, 57, 90, 121, 137, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 20, 40, 62, 109, 167, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IoT | 44, 76, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Low | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RPL | 32, 52, 80, 113, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 118, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 14, 28, 85, 115, 129, 154, 172, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 11, 42, 51, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 58, 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 1, 6, 47, 64, 98, 102, 140, 161, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IoT. | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rank | 114, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.easy | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loss | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 160, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 139, 147, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RPL) | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Among | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DCTM, | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lossy | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MRTS. | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Power | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adapt | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facto | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate, | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trust | 84, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IoT), | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hence, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Things | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobile | 75, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.packet | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.secure | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sender | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.static | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.termed | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Minimum | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Routing | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SMTrust | 107, 136, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attacks | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.default | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fulfils | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intends | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metrics | 100, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respect | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.routing | 53, 88, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MRHOF), | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Function | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Internet | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Networks | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Protocol | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SMTrust, | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attacks, | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attacks. | 81, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobility | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network. | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes’ | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 119, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocol | 89, 120, 163, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security | 33, 37, 50, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topology | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Blackhole | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Objective | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SecTrust, | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysing | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 73, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features. | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.function, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involving | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objective | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocols | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regarding | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.validated | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hysteresis | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Similarly, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considered | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critically | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disruptive | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scenarios, | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions, | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stability. | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimality, | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outperforms | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.susceptible | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.throughput, | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trust-based | 36, 49, 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistency, | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environments, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environments. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loop-freeness. | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobility-based | 86, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functionalities | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resource-constrained | 43 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5029582839, https://openalex.org/A5062919173 |
| countries_distinct_count | 4 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210143550 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.96715604 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |