Two-Layer Optimal Capacity Configuration of the Electricity–Hydrogen Coupled Distributed Power Generation System Article Swipe
Min Liu
,
Qiliang Wu
,
Leiqi Zhang
,
S. Y. Hou
,
Kuan Zhang
,
Bo Zhao
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738
With the expansion of the scale of high-proportion wind and solar power grid connections, the problems of abandoned wind and solar power and insufficient peak shaving have become increasingly prominent. The electric–hydrogen coupling system has greater potential in flexible regulation, providing a new technological approach for the consumption of new energy. This paper proposes a two-layer optimization model for an electricity–hydrogen coupled distributed power generation system. The model is based on the collaborative regulation of flexible loads by electrolytic cells and fuel cells. Through the collaborative optimization of capacity configuration and operation scheduling, it breaks through the strong dependence of traditional systems on the distribution network and enhances the autonomous consumption capacity of new energy. The upper-level optimization model aims to minimize the total life-cycle cost of the system, and the lower-level optimization model aims to minimize the system’s operating cost. The capacity configuration of each module before and after the integration of flexible loads is compared. The simulation results show that the integration of flexible loads can not only effectively reduce the level of wind and solar power consumption in distributed power generation systems, but also play a role in load peak shaving and valley filling. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the system’s peak electricity purchase and sale cost and reduce the system’s dependence on the distribution network. Based on this, with the premise of meeting the load demand, the capacity configuration results of each module were compared when connecting electrolytic cells of different capacities. The results show that the simulated area has the best economic benefits when connected to a 4 MW electrolytic cell. This optimization model can increase the high wind and solar power consumption rate by 23%, reduce the peak purchase and sale cost of electricity by 40%, and achieve an economic benefit coefficient of up to 0.097.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 19
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4410966699
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4410966699Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Two-Layer Optimal Capacity Configuration of the Electricity–Hydrogen Coupled Distributed Power Generation SystemWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-06-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Min Liu, Qiliang Wu, Leiqi Zhang, S. Y. Hou, Kuan Zhang, Bo ZhaoList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Electricity generation, Distributed generation, Electricity, Power (physics), Materials science, Electrical engineering, Computer science, Physics, Engineering, ThermodynamicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
19Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4410966699 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4410966699 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Two-Layer Optimal Capacity Configuration of the Electricity–Hydrogen Coupled Distributed Power Generation System |
| biblio.issue | 6 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 1738 |
| biblio.first_page | 1738 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11007 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Energy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9990000128746033 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2102 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Energy Engineering and Power Technology |
| topics[0].display_name | Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10223 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987000226974487 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Microgrid Control and Optimization |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11185 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9975000023841858 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Integrated Energy Systems Optimization |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2165 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C423512 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5243421196937561 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Electricity generation |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C544738498 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5084584951400757 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Distributed generation |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C206658404 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4934369623661041 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Electricity |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C163258240 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.45638611912727356 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Power (physics) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.35237762331962585 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.34815025329589844 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.3301290273666382 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.1918647587299347 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.18676358461380005 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C97355855 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.1171119213104248 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Thermodynamics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5243421196937561 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Electricity generation |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5084584951400757 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Distributed generation |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4934369623661041 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Electricity |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/power |
| keywords[3].score | 0.45638611912727356 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Power (physics) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.35237762331962585 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.34815025329589844 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[6].score | 0.3301290273666382 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.1918647587299347 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[8].score | 0.18676358461380005 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.1171119213104248 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Thermodynamics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/pr13061738 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201879 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2227-9717 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2227-9717 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Processes |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Processes |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018962466 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-0669 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Min Liu |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Hangzhou 310014, China |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Min Liu |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Hangzhou 310014, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052937382 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-7525 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Qiliang Wu |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Hangzhou 310014, China |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Qiliang Wu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Hangzhou 310014, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036154145 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Leiqi Zhang |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Hangzhou 310014, China |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Leiqi Zhang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Hangzhou 310014, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5103203400 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8848-9833 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | S. Y. Hou |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Automation, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04xnqep60 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Beijing Information Science & Technology University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Songyu Hou |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Automation, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100736891 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2878-4542 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Kuan Zhang |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Automation, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04xnqep60 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Beijing Information Science & Technology University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Kuan Zhang |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Automation, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5106444240 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Bo Zhao |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Automation, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04xnqep60 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I78675632 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Beijing Information Science & Technology University |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Bo Zhao |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Automation, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Two-Layer Optimal Capacity Configuration of the Electricity–Hydrogen Coupled Distributed Power Generation System |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11007 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Energy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9990000128746033 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2102 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Energy Engineering and Power Technology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2140965658, https://openalex.org/W4386420510, https://openalex.org/W2168595839, https://openalex.org/W2147990030, https://openalex.org/W2186193041, https://openalex.org/W3093216143, https://openalex.org/W2897931424, https://openalex.org/W1990062858, https://openalex.org/W2900183140 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/pr13061738 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201879 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2227-9717 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2227-9717 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Processes |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Processes |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/pr13061738 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201879 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2227-9717 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2227-9717 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Processes |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Processes |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061738 |
| publication_date | 2025-06-01 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3205618177, https://openalex.org/W4382930571, https://openalex.org/W4224300816, https://openalex.org/W3203980702, https://openalex.org/W4291280481, https://openalex.org/W4401391577, https://openalex.org/W4391242079, https://openalex.org/W4399382594, https://openalex.org/W4396657642, https://openalex.org/W4392481775, https://openalex.org/W6875870128, https://openalex.org/W4220903767, https://openalex.org/W4392024729, https://openalex.org/W4386323056, https://openalex.org/W4401537719, https://openalex.org/W4322711051, https://openalex.org/W2810844340, https://openalex.org/W2475871104, https://openalex.org/W4409199197 |
| referenced_works_count | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4 | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 41, 54, 188, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.At | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MW | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 59, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 77, 282, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 37, 180, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 68, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 93, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 6, 16, 48, 74, 87, 99, 112, 126, 144, 152, 164, 174, 228, 237, 246, 291, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 70, 102, 218, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 120, 135, 263, 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 30, 66, 115, 141, 157, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 9, 19, 22, 80, 90, 106, 129, 148, 176, 194, 210, 213, 277, 288, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 167, 202, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 45, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 34, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 42, 49, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 1, 4, 14, 46, 71, 84, 96, 103, 108, 122, 127, 130, 137, 150, 162, 172, 198, 205, 215, 219, 226, 230, 233, 253, 257, 274, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.23%, | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.40%, | 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 51, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.With | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aims | 119, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.best | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost | 125, 212, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 145, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fuel | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grid | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load | 191, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peak | 24, 192, 207, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.play | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sale | 211, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 160, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 161, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 242, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wind | 8, 18, 175, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Based | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell. | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 79, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost. | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loads | 76, 154, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 57, 67, 118, 133, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 11, 21, 63, 178, 182, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solar | 10, 20, 177, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this, | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.097. | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.become | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.breaks | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.module | 146, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 171, 204, 214, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strong | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valley | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Through | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefit | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupled | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demand, | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy. | 50, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greater | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meeting | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.premise | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 159, 236, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shaving | 25, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system, | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefits | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacity | 88, 111, 142, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupling | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 259, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhances | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filling. | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flexible | 38, 75, 153, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimize | 121, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network. | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposes | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.purchase | 209, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abandoned | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared. | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connected | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expansion | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operating | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operation | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulated | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two-layer | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autonomous | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connecting | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependence | 98, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation | 64, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life-cycle | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prominent. | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulation | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system’s | 138, 206, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacities. | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coefficient | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption | 47, 110, 179, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distributed | 62, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively | 170, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electricity | 208, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integration | 151, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower-level | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulation, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheduling, | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traditional | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upper-level | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connections, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution | 104, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrolytic | 78, 244, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasingly | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insufficient | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 56, 86, 117, 132, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collaborative | 72, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configuration | 89, 143, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technological | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-proportion | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electric–hydrogen | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electricity–hydrogen | 60 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.21491935 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |