Two-step proximal gradient descent algorithm for photoacoustic signal unmixing Article Swipe
Zheng Qu
,
Chao Liu
,
Jingyi Zhu
,
Yachao Zhang
,
Yingying Zhou
,
Lidai Wang
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379
Photoacoustic microscopy uses multiple wavelengths to measure concentrations of different absorbers. The speed of sound limits the shortest wavelength switching time to sub-microseconds, which is a bottleneck for high-speed broad-spectrum imaging. Via computational separation of overlapped signals, we can break the sound-speed limit on the wavelength switching time. This paper presents a new signal unmixing algorithm named two-step proximal gradient descent. It is advantageous in separating multiple wavelengths with long overlapping and high noise. In the simulation, we can unmix up to nine overlapped signals and successfully separate three overlapped signals with 12-ns delay and 15.9-dB signal-to-noise ratio. We apply this technique to separate three-wavelength photoacoustic images in microvessels. In vivo results show that the algorithm can successfully unmix overlapped multi-wavelength photoacoustic signals, and the unmixed data can improve accuracy in oxygen saturation imaging.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 10
- References
- 48
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4281844223
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4281844223Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Two-step proximal gradient descent algorithm for photoacoustic signal unmixingWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-06-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Zheng Qu, Chao Liu, Jingyi Zhu, Yachao Zhang, Yingying Zhou, Lidai WangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Wavelength, SIGNAL (programming language), Gradient descent, Bottleneck, Algorithm, Optics, Computer science, Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging), Noise (video), Physics, Materials science, Artificial intelligence, Image (mathematics), Artificial neural network, Programming language, Embedded systemTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
10Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3, 2024: 3, 2023: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
48Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4281844223 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35722270 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4281844223 |
| fwci | 1.1099737 |
| type | article |
| title | Two-step proximal gradient descent algorithm for photoacoustic signal unmixing |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 27 |
| biblio.last_page | 100379 |
| biblio.first_page | 100379 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12015 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11856 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9941999912261963 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2211 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Mechanics of Materials |
| topics[1].display_name | Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10977 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.984499990940094 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2741 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging |
| topics[2].display_name | Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1500 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1500 |
| apc_paid.value | 1500 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1500 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C6260449 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.741707980632782 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Wavelength |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779843651 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.619313657283783 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335 |
| concepts[1].display_name | SIGNAL (programming language) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C153258448 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5718809962272644 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Gradient descent |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2780513914 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4797726571559906 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Bottleneck |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4588165879249573 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4539697766304016 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4267718195915222 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C13944312 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4258517026901245 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging) |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C99498987 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.41000378131866455 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Noise (video) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.33283013105392456 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3288724720478058 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.22142484784126282 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C115961682 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.1796402633190155 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Image (mathematics) |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C50644808 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Artificial neural network |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C149635348 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Embedded system |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength |
| keywords[0].score | 0.741707980632782 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Wavelength |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/signal |
| keywords[1].score | 0.619313657283783 |
| keywords[1].display_name | SIGNAL (programming language) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5718809962272644 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Gradient descent |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4797726571559906 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Bottleneck |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4588165879249573 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4539697766304016 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4267718195915222 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4258517026901245 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging) |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/noise |
| keywords[8].score | 0.41000378131866455 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Noise (video) |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.33283013105392456 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3288724720478058 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[11].score | 0.22142484784126282 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/image |
| keywords[12].score | 0.1796402633190155 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Image (mathematics) |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898295080 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2213-5979 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2213-5979 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Photoacoustics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Photoacoustics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:35722270 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Photoacoustics |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35722270 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ece50dd0fb742ba82289157e1b7d82d |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Photoacoustics, Vol 27, Iss , Pp 100379- (2022) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/7ece50dd0fb742ba82289157e1b7d82d |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9198964 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Photoacoustics |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9198964 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5053633341 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-6058 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Zheng Qu |
| authorships[0].countries | HK |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03q8dnn23 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | HK |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | City University of Hong Kong |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Zheng Qu |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086373654 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-0833 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Chao Liu |
| authorships[1].countries | HK |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03q8dnn23 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | HK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | City University of Hong Kong |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Chao Liu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101574869 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-6131 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jingyi Zhu |
| authorships[2].countries | HK |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03q8dnn23 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | HK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | City University of Hong Kong |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jingyi Zhu |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100667175 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-8745 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Yachao Zhang |
| authorships[3].countries | HK |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03q8dnn23 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | HK |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | City University of Hong Kong |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Yachao Zhang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100768604 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-6825 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Yingying Zhou |
| authorships[4].countries | HK |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03q8dnn23 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | HK |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | City University of Hong Kong |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Yingying Zhou |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5078864574 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3463-0740 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Lidai Wang |
| authorships[5].countries | CN, HK |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I168719708, https://openalex.org/I4210105229 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Shenzhen, Guang Dong 518057, China |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210105229 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xc0ma20 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210105229 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03q8dnn23 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I168719708 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | HK |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | City University of Hong Kong |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Lidai Wang |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Shenzhen, Guang Dong 518057, China, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Two-step proximal gradient descent algorithm for photoacoustic signal unmixing |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12015 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1657880117, https://openalex.org/W2595172197, https://openalex.org/W2127970246, https://openalex.org/W2084856301, https://openalex.org/W1001352512, https://openalex.org/W4382618745, https://openalex.org/W2885125400, https://openalex.org/W1989889224, https://openalex.org/W4308823735, https://openalex.org/W2787240389 |
| cited_by_count | 10 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898295080 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2213-5979 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2213-5979 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Photoacoustics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Photoacoustics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898295080 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2213-5979 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2213-5979 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Photoacoustics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Photoacoustics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100379 |
| publication_date | 2022-06-09 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2030964111, https://openalex.org/W4206295017, https://openalex.org/W2333144807, https://openalex.org/W2157048271, https://openalex.org/W4200423007, https://openalex.org/W3166216741, https://openalex.org/W3190842087, https://openalex.org/W6810927031, https://openalex.org/W3180443996, https://openalex.org/W3156984855, https://openalex.org/W3205359770, https://openalex.org/W4220787785, https://openalex.org/W2089901886, https://openalex.org/W2771575444, https://openalex.org/W3174166540, https://openalex.org/W2998691899, https://openalex.org/W6791874340, https://openalex.org/W3119393341, https://openalex.org/W1981551239, https://openalex.org/W2047931917, https://openalex.org/W2600948726, https://openalex.org/W3191488445, https://openalex.org/W3188034350, https://openalex.org/W3195433969, https://openalex.org/W2075097705, https://openalex.org/W2019076931, https://openalex.org/W2558090171, https://openalex.org/W6700804557, https://openalex.org/W2019524855, https://openalex.org/W1976789539, https://openalex.org/W3193811394, https://openalex.org/W3088691435, https://openalex.org/W3006034787, https://openalex.org/W3161135120, https://openalex.org/W2030161963, https://openalex.org/W2100556411, https://openalex.org/W3185452917, https://openalex.org/W3161534255, https://openalex.org/W4255130093, https://openalex.org/W2093673171, https://openalex.org/W4220977392, https://openalex.org/W3208158563, https://openalex.org/W2034987065, https://openalex.org/W3135902309, https://openalex.org/W4225774155, https://openalex.org/W3141595720, https://openalex.org/W4226029289, https://openalex.org/W2324457198 |
| referenced_works_count | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 25, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 74, 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.It | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 64, 107, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 24, 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 8, 13, 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 5, 21, 81, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 37, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Via | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 71, 85, 94, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 38, 78, 116, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 16, 40, 44, 75, 114, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nine | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uses | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vivo | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 68, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.12-ns | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.apply | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.break | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delay | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limit | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.named | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sound | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speed | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time. | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unmix | 79, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.images | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limits | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noise. | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxygen | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio. | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.15.9-dB | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measure | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signals | 84, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unmixed | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.descent. | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gradient | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imaging. | 30, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 3, 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proximal | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separate | 87, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shortest | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signals, | 36, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two-step | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unmixing | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 55, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.switching | 19, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absorbers. | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bottleneck | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-speed | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microscopy | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overlapped | 35, 83, 89, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saturation | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separating | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separation | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wavelength | 18, 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overlapping | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation, | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sound-speed | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wavelengths | 4, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantageous | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.successfully | 86, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Photoacoustic | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computational | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microvessels. | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photoacoustic | 105, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.broad-spectrum | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal-to-noise | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-wavelength | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three-wavelength | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sub-microseconds, | 22 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5078864574 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I168719708, https://openalex.org/I4210105229 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.68893471 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |