Types of Triggers in Migraine – Factor Structure of the Headache Triggers Sensitivity and Avoidance Questionnaire and Development of a New Short Form ( HTSAQ‐SF ) Article Swipe
Anna Caroli
,
Timo Klan
,
Charly Gaul
,
Sonja U. Kubik
,
Paul R. Martin
,
Michael Witthöft
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13896
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13896
Objective To examine the factor structure of the Headache Triggers Sensitivity and Avoidance Questionnaire (HTSAQ) and its German version (HTSAQ‐G) , in order to identify potential different types of triggers. Furthermore, a short form of the questionnaire was developed. Background The HTSAQ includes 24 of the most commonly reported headache triggers (eg, stress, odors, lack of sleep). Both the HTSAQ and HTSAQ‐G appeared to be reliable and valid measures of sensitivity to and avoidance of headache triggers. Methods In a cross‐country collaboration, data from 2 cross‐sectional studies including N = 391 individuals diagnosed with migraine from Australia (n = 222) and Germany (n = 169) were analyzed. The factor structure of the questionnaire was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, a short form of the HTSAQ was constructed and evaluated regarding psychometric properties. Results Factor analytic results showed a differentiation between internal and external headache triggers, and different patterns of strategies in coping with triggers. The scales of both the original questionnaire as well as the developed short form showed good reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.76 to 0.96). As expected, negative correlations ( r = −0.10 to −0.30, P = .006 to .044) with acceptance of pain were observed. Participants with chronic migraine showed significantly higher triggers sensitivity and avoidance of triggers than those with episodic migraine ( t (389) = −9.12, P < .001, Cohens d = 0.93). Conclusions Both the long and short forms of the questionnaire appear to be reliable and valid measures. The development of the short form of the questionnaire simplifies the use of the HTSAQ in clinical practice. Further research should focus on other primary headache disorders, such as tension‐type headache or cluster headache.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13896
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/head.13896
- OA Status
- bronze
- Cited By
- 14
- References
- 21
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3041280961
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3041280961Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13896Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Types of Triggers in Migraine – Factor Structure of the Headache Triggers Sensitivity and Avoidance Questionnaire and Development of a New Short Form ( HTSAQ‐SF )Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-07-11Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Anna Caroli, Timo Klan, Charly Gaul, Sonja U. Kubik, Paul R. Martin, Michael WitthöftList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13896Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/head.13896Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
bronzeOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/head.13896Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Migraine, Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, Psychology, Chronic Migraine, Short Forms, Psychometrics, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Structural equation modeling, Psychiatry, Mathematics, StatisticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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14Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 3, 2024: 4, 2023: 1, 2022: 3, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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21Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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