Understanding Factorial Designs, Main Effects, and Interaction Effects: Simply Explained with a Worked Example Article Swipe
Chittaranjan Andrade
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066
A factorial design examines the effects of two independent variables on a single, continuous dependent variable. The statistical test employed to analyze the data is a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This test yields three results: a main effect for each of the independent variables and an interaction effect between the two independent variables. This article explains factorial designs and two-way ANOVA with the help of a worked example using hypothetical data in a spreadsheet provided as a supplementary file. The main effects and interaction effects are explained and illustrated using tables and figures. A short discussion provides general notes about the concepts explained in this article, along with brief notes on repeated measures ANOVA and higher order ANOVAs. Many additional examples, with figures and explanations, are provided in the supplementary materials, which the reader is strongly encouraged to view.
Related Topics
Concepts
Analysis of variance
Main effect
Factorial experiment
Interaction
Factorial
Variance (accounting)
Repeated measures design
Variables
Statistics
Factorial analysis
Test (biology)
Tukey's range test
Mathematics
Variable (mathematics)
Econometrics
Computer science
Mathematical analysis
Biology
Accounting
Paleontology
Business
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02537176241237066
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 1
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4393043406
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4393043406Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Understanding Factorial Designs, Main Effects, and Interaction Effects: Simply Explained with a Worked ExampleWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-03-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Chittaranjan AndradeList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02537176241237066Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02537176241237066Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Analysis of variance, Main effect, Factorial experiment, Interaction, Factorial, Variance (accounting), Repeated measures design, Variables, Statistics, Factorial analysis, Test (biology), Tukey's range test, Mathematics, Variable (mathematics), Econometrics, Computer science, Mathematical analysis, Biology, Accounting, Paleontology, BusinessTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2024: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
1Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4393043406 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38725713 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4393043406 |
| fwci | 2.86956809 |
| type | article |
| title | Understanding Factorial Designs, Main Effects, and Interaction Effects: Simply Explained with a Worked Example |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 46 |
| biblio.last_page | 177 |
| biblio.first_page | 175 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11798 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Decision Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.9616000056266785 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1803 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Management Science and Operations Research |
| topics[0].display_name | Optimal Experimental Design Methods |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C99476002 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7943941354751587 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Analysis of variance |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C28662235 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7777150869369507 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6736213 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Main effect |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C169222746 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.750372052192688 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Factorial experiment |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C855514 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.7495543956756592 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Interaction |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C183763347 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6582800149917603 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120976 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Factorial |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C196083921 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.6065928936004639 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Variance (accounting) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C102959455 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5803892016410828 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Repeated measures design |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C27574286 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5699304938316345 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Variables |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.5608662366867065 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Statistics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2986548036 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4761095941066742 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726474 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Factorial analysis |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2777267654 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.47231408953666687 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Test (biology) |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C139072283 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.45118245482444763 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4438527 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Tukey's range test |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.44445762038230896 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C182365436 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.43999549746513367 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Variable (mathematics) |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C149782125 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.4047985374927521 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Econometrics |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.3417755961418152 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C134306372 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Mathematical analysis |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C121955636 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Accounting |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C151730666 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Paleontology |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[20].level | 0 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Business |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/analysis-of-variance |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7943941354751587 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Analysis of variance |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/main-effect |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7777150869369507 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Main effect |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/factorial-experiment |
| keywords[2].score | 0.750372052192688 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Factorial experiment |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction |
| keywords[3].score | 0.7495543956756592 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Interaction |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/factorial |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6582800149917603 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Factorial |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/variance |
| keywords[5].score | 0.6065928936004639 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Variance (accounting) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-measures-design |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5803892016410828 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Repeated measures design |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/variables |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5699304938316345 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Variables |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.5608662366867065 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Statistics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/factorial-analysis |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4761095941066742 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Factorial analysis |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/test |
| keywords[10].score | 0.47231408953666687 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Test (biology) |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/tukeys-range-test |
| keywords[11].score | 0.45118245482444763 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Tukey's range test |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[12].score | 0.44445762038230896 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/variable |
| keywords[13].score | 0.43999549746513367 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Variable (mathematics) |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics |
| keywords[14].score | 0.4047985374927521 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Econometrics |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[15].score | 0.3417755961418152 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Computer science |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S44261829 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0253-7176, 0975-1564 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0253-7176 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | SAGE Publishing |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:38725713 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Indian journal of psychological medicine |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38725713 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11076936 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Indian J Psychol Med |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11076936 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99dd83fe6bb84b1e9a901273ef9bd1e5 |
| locations[3].is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Vol 46 (2024) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/99dd83fe6bb84b1e9a901273ef9bd1e5 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5033262858 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-567X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Chittaranjan Andrade |
| authorships[0].countries | IN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I699696 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Dept. of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I699696 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0405n5e57 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I699696 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Chittaranjan Andrade |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Dept. of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Understanding Factorial Designs, Main Effects, and Interaction Effects: Simply Explained with a Worked Example |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11798 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Decision Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9616000056266785 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1803 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Management Science and Operations Research |
| primary_topic.display_name | Optimal Experimental Design Methods |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3023425689, https://openalex.org/W2067783244, https://openalex.org/W2480122471, https://openalex.org/W60253567, https://openalex.org/W4255986407, https://openalex.org/W2315773583, https://openalex.org/W214944345, https://openalex.org/W1984825715, https://openalex.org/W2070727225, https://openalex.org/W2347200877 |
| cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S44261829 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0253-7176, 0975-1564 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0253-7176 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | SAGE Publishing |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S44261829 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0253-7176, 0975-1564 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0253-7176 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | SAGE Publishing |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241237066 |
| publication_date | 2024-03-01 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2581446851 |
| referenced_works_count | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 0, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 11, 25, 36, 66, 73, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 72, 104, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 24, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 6, 28, 41, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 10, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 20, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 16, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 45, 59, 83, 88, 92, 115, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 86, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 4, 22, 42, 50, 63, 101, 129, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 7, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Many | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 31, 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 23, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.help | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.main | 37, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 18, 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 62, 108, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ANOVA | 61, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.along | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brief | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.file. | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.notes | 99, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.short | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 69, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.view. | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 38, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reader | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tables | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worked | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yields | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ANOVAs. | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyze | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designs | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 5, 82, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.example | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.figures | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two-way | 26, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ANOVA). | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article, | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concepts | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employed | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examines | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explains | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.figures. | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measures | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 75, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.repeated | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results: | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strongly | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variance | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependent | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examples, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explained | 87, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factorial | 1, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variables | 9, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuous | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussion | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encouraged | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variables. | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.illustrated | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.independent | 8, 43, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interaction | 47, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spreadsheet | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistical | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypothetical | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explanations, | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supplementary | 78, 130 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5033262858 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 1 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I699696 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.85744716 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |