Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review Article Swipe
Rajesh Man Rajbhandari
,
José de la Fuente
,
Dibesh Karmacharya
,
Sujala Mathema
,
Bijay Maharjan
,
Sameer Dixit
,
Nisha Shrestha
,
João Queirós
,
Christian Gortázar
,
Paulo C. Alves
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) that causes the chronic infectious disease- tuberculosis (TB), often presents with a complicated epidemiological pattern where the transmission chain may include humans, domestic animals and wildlife, including elephants. TB has been reported globally in both captive and wild elephants. The One Health approach might be the most effective way of understanding the shared MTC infection dynamics in captive and wild animals like Asian elephants. This systematic review accumulates evidence on occurrence, transmission pathways, and preventive measures of TB in elephants from a One Health perspective. Results The prevalence of TB reported in elephant populations ranges from 0 to 23.33% and high prevalence’s are reported for elephants that are in close proximity to infected humans. The risk of elephant to human infection transmission increased significantly with exposure duration and contact with infected elephants. Some studies described the plausible TB transmission to captive elephants from other animals (wild and domestic), suggesting inter- and intra-species transmission. The results of this systematic review based on 27 relevant published works, suggest three overarching interrelated transmission pathways for M. tuberculosis infections in Asian elephants- i) humans and elephants, ii) other animals (wild or domestic) and elephants and iii) unclear sources of infection. Conclusions The progress made with new TB diagnostic tools provides multiple methods to choose from. However, lack of harmonization of TB testing in elephants and their human contacts remains a challenge to prevent TB in those animals. Routine TB screening among elephants and caretakers by setting up an occupational health program for early diagnosis of infection through combined efforts of public health, veterinary medicine, and occupational health experts is suggested. This implies the need for a One Health approach to elephant TB control. This review reveals the need for more research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex transmission pathways at the human-animal interface.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8
- https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 9
- References
- 55
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4283838065
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4283838065Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic reviewWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-07-06Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Rajesh Man Rajbhandari, José de la Fuente, Dibesh Karmacharya, Sujala Mathema, Bijay Maharjan, Sameer Dixit, Nisha Shrestha, João Queirós, Christian Gortázar, Paulo C. AlvesList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Tuberculosis, Transmission (telecommunications), Wildlife, One Health, Disease, Epidemiology, Zoonosis, Environmental health, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Medicine, Biology, Veterinary medicine, Public health, Pathology, Ecology, Electrical engineering, EngineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
9Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2024: 6, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
55Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4283838065 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35794608 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4283838065 |
| fwci | 2.01979448 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D000835 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Animals, Wild |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000382 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D004606 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | microbiology |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Elephants |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D009169 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D000074823 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | One Health |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D014376 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Tuberculosis |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000517 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D014376 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | prevention & control |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Tuberculosis |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000662 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D014376 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | veterinary |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Tuberculosis |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D000835 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Animals, Wild |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000382 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D004606 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | microbiology |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Elephants |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D009169 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D000074823 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | One Health |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D014376 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Tuberculosis |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000517 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D014376 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | prevention & control |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Tuberculosis |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000662 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D014376 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | veterinary |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Tuberculosis |
| type | review |
| title | Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 18 |
| biblio.last_page | 262 |
| biblio.first_page | 262 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11316 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[0].display_name | Mycobacterium research and diagnosis |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10038 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[1].display_name | Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11381 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9882000088691711 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2746 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Surgery |
| topics[2].display_name | Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1790 |
| apc_list.currency | GBP |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2195 |
| apc_paid.value | 1790 |
| apc_paid.currency | GBP |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2195 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2781069245 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8362066149711609 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Tuberculosis |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C761482 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7621920108795166 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Transmission (telecommunications) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C29376679 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6583531498908997 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Wildlife |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2780120632 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5525019764900208 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092706 |
| concepts[3].display_name | One Health |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5364262461662292 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C107130276 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5068138241767883 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Epidemiology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2776353676 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4847862124443054 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182672 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Zoonosis |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C99454951 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4795796275138855 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Environmental health |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2777975735 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4776797890663147 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2779790121 |
| concepts[9].level | 4 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4368022084236145 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5779917 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4281453788280487 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3912421762943268 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C42972112 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.3182479739189148 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Veterinary medicine |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C138816342 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.27546805143356323 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Public health |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.2320554554462433 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.12415814399719238 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8362066149711609 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Tuberculosis |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7621920108795166 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Transmission (telecommunications) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6583531498908997 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Wildlife |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/one-health |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5525019764900208 |
| keywords[3].display_name | One Health |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5364262461662292 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemiology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5068138241767883 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Epidemiology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/zoonosis |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4847862124443054 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Zoonosis |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4795796275138855 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Environmental health |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4776797890663147 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4368022084236145 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4281453788280487 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3912421762943268 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/veterinary-medicine |
| keywords[12].score | 0.3182479739189148 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Veterinary medicine |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health |
| keywords[13].score | 0.27546805143356323 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Public health |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology |
| keywords[14].score | 0.2320554554462433 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Pathology |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology |
| keywords[15].score | 0.12415814399719238 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Ecology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S197820984 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1746-6148 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1746-6148 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | BMC Veterinary Research |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | BMC Veterinary Research |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:35794608 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | BMC veterinary research |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35794608 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:RUIdeRA:10578/30522 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source | |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | http://hdl.handle.net/10578/30522 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/284061 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400616 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I134820265 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I134820265 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | artículo |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/284061 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:625e1da057ac4947a986ca39c53cd6f5 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[4].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | article |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2022) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/625e1da057ac4947a986ca39c53cd6f5 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9258206 |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[5].license | other-oa |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | Text |
| locations[5].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | BMC Vet Res |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9258206 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070408527 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-3190 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Rajesh Man Rajbhandari |
| authorships[0].countries | ES, NP, PT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Dep. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, BIOPOLIS, EBM & CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Molecular Dynamic-Nepal, Swaraj Sadhan, Thapathali 11, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210107500 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Game and Wildlife Research |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210107500 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0140hpe71 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I134820265, https://openalex.org/I4210107500, https://openalex.org/I4210122281, https://openalex.org/I79189158 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04vp1tk49 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | NP |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Center for Molecular Dynamics - Nepal |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/043pwc612 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].country_code | PT |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].display_name | Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Rajesh Man Rajbhandari |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Molecular Dynamic-Nepal, Swaraj Sadhan, Thapathali 11, Kathmandu, Nepal, Dep. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, BIOPOLIS, EBM & CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102941494 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-9649 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | José de la Fuente |
| authorships[1].countries | ES |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210107500 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210107500 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0140hpe71 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I134820265, https://openalex.org/I4210107500, https://openalex.org/I4210122281, https://openalex.org/I79189158 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | José de la Fuente |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5020889720 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-6737 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Dibesh Karmacharya |
| authorships[2].countries | NP |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04vp1tk49 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | NP |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Center for Molecular Dynamics - Nepal |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Dibesh Karmacharya |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015875019 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6975-2233 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Sujala Mathema |
| authorships[3].countries | NP |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04vp1tk49 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | NP |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Center for Molecular Dynamics - Nepal |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Sujala Mathema |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061625530 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-5363 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Bijay Maharjan |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Japan Nepal Tuberculosis Research Association, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Bijay Maharjan |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Japan Nepal Tuberculosis Research Association, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087529388 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-2120 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Sameer Dixit |
| authorships[5].countries | NP |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04vp1tk49 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | NP |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Center for Molecular Dynamics - Nepal |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Sameer Mani Dixit |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039628124 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7591-4710 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Nisha Shrestha |
| authorships[6].countries | NP |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04vp1tk49 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | NP |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Center for Molecular Dynamics - Nepal |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Nisha Shrestha |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5069671174 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-7217 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | João Queirós |
| authorships[7].countries | PT |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado - BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning. Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043pwc612 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | João Queirós |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado - BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning. Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5049324673 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-4006 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Christian Gortázar |
| authorships[8].countries | ES |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210107500 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210107500 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0140hpe71 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I134820265, https://openalex.org/I4210107500, https://openalex.org/I4210122281, https://openalex.org/I79189158 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Christian Gortázar |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082851487 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-0939 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Paulo C. Alves |
| authorships[9].countries | PT |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado - BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning. Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043pwc612 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Paulo Célio Alves |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado - BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning. Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11316 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Mycobacterium research and diagnosis |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2006509003, https://openalex.org/W1733763401, https://openalex.org/W4380050142, https://openalex.org/W4387467429, https://openalex.org/W2094282382, https://openalex.org/W2149405576, https://openalex.org/W2170300117, https://openalex.org/W2172204738, https://openalex.org/W4226154334, https://openalex.org/W2029235949 |
| cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S197820984 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1746-6148 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1746-6148 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | BMC Veterinary Research |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | BMC Veterinary Research |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S197820984 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1746-6148 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1746-6148 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | BMC Veterinary Research |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | BMC Veterinary Research |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03356-8 |
| publication_date | 2022-07-06 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W1991530690, https://openalex.org/W2168222911, https://openalex.org/W3129239125, https://openalex.org/W3119729451, https://openalex.org/W2087942019, https://openalex.org/W123607565, https://openalex.org/W3159217387, https://openalex.org/W2580413892, https://openalex.org/W2770299093, https://openalex.org/W2085580650, https://openalex.org/W2097022045, https://openalex.org/W2164442233, https://openalex.org/W2583105558, https://openalex.org/W2912083201, https://openalex.org/W1968262704, https://openalex.org/W2120087614, https://openalex.org/W2398265996, https://openalex.org/W2167244409, https://openalex.org/W1976420696, https://openalex.org/W1515857131, https://openalex.org/W6604985193, https://openalex.org/W958411766, https://openalex.org/W2088628022, https://openalex.org/W2765961882, https://openalex.org/W2126140067, https://openalex.org/W2058759600, https://openalex.org/W3170313041, https://openalex.org/W2170057065, https://openalex.org/W2021840461, https://openalex.org/W2900853074, https://openalex.org/W1968589845, https://openalex.org/W2224436429, https://openalex.org/W2569382962, https://openalex.org/W2111490748, https://openalex.org/W2086246825, https://openalex.org/W2028223530, https://openalex.org/W2097917879, https://openalex.org/W3127082499, https://openalex.org/W2150471384, https://openalex.org/W2752593367, https://openalex.org/W3082969350, https://openalex.org/W2581340010, https://openalex.org/W2132025104, https://openalex.org/W1995153577, https://openalex.org/W2142670208, https://openalex.org/W3005101931, https://openalex.org/W1989556839, https://openalex.org/W1973449129, https://openalex.org/W2943878985, https://openalex.org/W2148814553, https://openalex.org/W3038120327, https://openalex.org/W2904144478, https://openalex.org/W4294215472, https://openalex.org/W2156098321, https://openalex.org/W246286872 |
| referenced_works_count | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0 | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 17, 87, 231, 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.27 | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.M. | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TB | 34, 83, 95, 143, 208, 222, 235, 240, 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.i) | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 39, 62, 84, 97, 114, 181, 224, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 55, 82, 94, 122, 161, 200, 219, 221, 256, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 75, 166, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 103, 117, 124, 145, 214, 233, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MTC | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.One | 46, 88, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 45, 92, 120, 159, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 30, 42, 64, 79, 105, 133, 152, 156, 186, 194, 196, 226, 244, 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 108, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 110, 177, 253, 276, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ii) | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 8, 22, 51, 57, 141, 274, 288, 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Some | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 70, 272, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 86, 101, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iii) | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lack | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.made | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 275, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 6, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wild | 43, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 16, 130, 135, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MTC) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TB), | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(wild | 151, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Asian | 68, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chain | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.close | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from. | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 125, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.might | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 149, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tools | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.23.33% | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Health | 47, 89, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.causes | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.choose | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 251, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.humans | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inter- | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.public | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranges | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 72, 164, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shared | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.works, | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Routine | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animals | 29, 66, 150, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.captive | 41, 63, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chronic | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 4, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contact | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efforts | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experts | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health, | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.humans, | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.humans. | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implies | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pattern | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevent | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.program | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reveals | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.testing | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unclear | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animals. | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 48, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combined | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contacts | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control. | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease- | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.domestic | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duration | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamics | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elephant | 98, 123, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.globally | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infected | 118, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measures | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathways | 176, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progress | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 37, 96, 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenge | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.described | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.domestic) | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elephants | 85, 111, 147, 195, 225, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection | 60, 126, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medicine, | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathways, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plausible | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proximity | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.published | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.screening | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wildlife, | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caretakers | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnostic | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.domestic), | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elephants, | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elephants- | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elephants. | 33, 44, 69, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection. | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infections | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infectious | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interface. | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevalence | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preventive | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested. | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggesting | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 71, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.veterinary | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accumulates | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complicated | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurrence, | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overarching | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human-animal | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interrelated | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occupational | 250, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perspective. | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission | 23, 77, 127, 144, 175, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tuberculosis | 3, 12, 179, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mycobacterium | 2, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.harmonization | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intra-species | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission. | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understanding | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevalence’s | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epidemiological | 19 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5070408527 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213, https://openalex.org/I4210107500, https://openalex.org/I4210158719 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8600000143051147 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.8198727 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |