Validating new limits for human thermoregulation Article Swipe
Robert D. Meade
,
Fergus K. O’Connor
,
Brodie J. Richards
,
Emily J. Tetzlaff
,
Katie E. Wagar
,
Roberto C. Harris‐Mostert
,
Theodore Egube
,
James J. McCormick
,
Glen P. Kenny
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2421281122
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2421281122
Recent projections suggest that large geographical areas will soon experience heat and humidity exceeding limits for human thermoregulation. The survivability limits modeled in that research were based on laboratory studies suggesting that humans cannot effectively thermoregulate in wet bulb temperatures (T wb ) above 26 to 31 °C, values considerably lower than the widely publicized theoretical threshold of 35 °C. The newly proposed empirical limits were derived from the T wb corresponding to the core temperature inflection point in participants exposed to stepped increases in air temperature or relative humidity in a climate-controlled chamber. Despite the increasing use of these thermal-step protocols, their validity has not been established. We used a humidity-step protocol to estimate the T wb threshold for core temperature inflection in 12 volunteers. To determine whether this threshold truly demarcates the T wb above which thermoregulation is impossible, each participant was subsequently exposed to T wb above (~33.7 °C, T above ) and below (~30.9 °C, T below ) their respective inflection point (~32.3 °C, T wb ) for up to 9 h (in random order). Core temperature rose continuously in T above . It was projected that core temperatures associated with heat stroke (40.2 °C) would occur within 10 h. While T below was also uncompensable, the core temperature rate of rise was considerably lower than in T above such that it would take >24 h to reach 40.2 °C. Our study supports thermal-step protocols as an effective technique for evaluating survivability limits for heat exposure and provides a direct assessment of the limits of human thermoregulation.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2421281122
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 57
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409009772
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4409009772Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2421281122Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Validating new limits for human thermoregulationWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-03-31Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Robert D. Meade, Fergus K. O’Connor, Brodie J. Richards, Emily J. Tetzlaff, Katie E. Wagar, Roberto C. Harris‐Mostert, Theodore Egube, James J. McCormick, Glen P. KennyList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2421281122Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12002229Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Thermoregulation, Inflection point, Relative humidity, Humidity, Core (optical fiber), Thermodynamics, Environmental science, Atmospheric sciences, Materials science, Physics, Mathematics, Biology, Ecology, Geometry, Composite materialTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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6Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 6Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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57Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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