Variations in Wettability and Interfacial Tension during Alkali–Polymer Application for High and Low TAN Oils Article Swipe
Vladislav Arekhov
,
Rafael E. Hincapie
,
Torsten Clemens
,
Muhammad Tahir
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241
The injection of chemicals into sandstones can lead to alterations in wettability, where oil characteristics such as the TAN (total acid number) may determine the wetting state of the reservoir. By combining the spontaneous imbibition principle and the evaluation of interfacial tension index, we propose a workflow and comprehensive assessment to evaluate the wettability alteration and interfacial tension (IFT) when injecting chemical-enhanced oil-recovery (EOR) agents. This study examines the effects on wettability alteration due to the application of alkaline and polymer solutions (separately) and the combined alkali–polymer solution. The evaluation focused on comparing the effects of chemical agent injections on wettability and IFT due to core aging (non-aged, water-wet and aged, and neutral to oil-wet), brine composition (mono vs. divalent ions); core mineralogy (~2.5% and ~10% clay), and crude oil type (low and high TAN). Amott experiments were performed on cleaned water-wet core plugs as well as on samples with a restored oil-wet state. IFT experiments were compared for a duration of 300 min. Data were gathered from 48 Amott imbibition experiments with duplicates. The IFT and baselines were defined in each case for brine, polymer, and alkali for each set of experiments. When focusing on the TAN and aging effects, it was observed that in all cases, the early time production was slower and the final oil recovery was longer when compared to the values for non-aged core plugs. These data confirm the change in rock surface wettability towards a more oil-wet state after aging and reverse the wettability alteration due to chemical injections. Furthermore, the application of alkali with high TAN oil resulted in a low equilibrium IFT. By contrast, alkali alone failed to mobilize trapped low TAN oil but caused wettability alteration and a neutral–wet state of the aged core plugs. For the brine composition, the presence of divalent ions promoted water-wetness of the non-aged core plugs and oil-wetness of the aged core plugs. Divalent ions act as bridges between the mineral surface and polar compound of the in situ created surfactant, thereby accelerating wettability alteration. Finally, for mineralogy effects, the high clay content core plugs were shown to be more oil-wet even without aging. Following aging, a strongly oil-wet behavior was exhibited. The alkali–polymer is demonstrated to be efficient in the wettability alteration of oil-wet core plugs towards a water-wet state.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2241/pdf?version=1601373623
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 12
- References
- 60
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3089755998
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3089755998Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Variations in Wettability and Interfacial Tension during Alkali–Polymer Application for High and Low TAN OilsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-09-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Vladislav Arekhov, Rafael E. Hincapie, Torsten Clemens, Muhammad TahirList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2241/pdf?version=1601373623Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2241/pdf?version=1601373623Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Wetting, Imbibition, Surface tension, Polymer, Brine, Enhanced oil recovery, Chemical engineering, Materials science, Alkali metal, Composite material, Chemistry, Petroleum engineering, Mineralogy, Geology, Organic chemistry, Thermodynamics, Engineering, Biology, Botany, Germination, PhysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
12Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2024: 1, 2023: 2, 2022: 4, 2021: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
60Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3089755998 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241 |
| ids.mag | 3089755998 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33003407 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3089755998 |
| fwci | 1.78426946 |
| type | article |
| title | Variations in Wettability and Interfacial Tension during Alkali–Polymer Application for High and Low TAN Oils |
| biblio.issue | 10 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 2241 |
| biblio.first_page | 2241 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10491 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2212 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Ocean Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10399 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2211 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Mechanics of Materials |
| topics[1].display_name | Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10635 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2210 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Mechanical Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C134514944 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8798276782035828 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Wetting |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2778409621 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.871481716632843 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659781 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Imbibition |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C8892853 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7222837209701538 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Surface tension |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C521977710 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5776512622833252 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Polymer |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2776957854 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5248731970787048 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214403 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Brine |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2779681308 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5027971267700195 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049254 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Enhanced oil recovery |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C42360764 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5019826889038086 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.468874454498291 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C198091228 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.455778568983078 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19557 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Alkali metal |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.409788578748703 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4061537981033325 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C78762247 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.38580936193466187 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Petroleum engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C199289684 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.34903115034103394 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Mineralogy |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.205532968044281 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.15369918942451477 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C97355855 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.09773457050323486 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Thermodynamics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C59822182 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Botany |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C100701293 |
| concepts[19].level | 2 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Germination |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[20].level | 0 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wetting |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8798276782035828 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Wetting |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/imbibition |
| keywords[1].score | 0.871481716632843 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Imbibition |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-tension |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7222837209701538 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Surface tension |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5776512622833252 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Polymer |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/brine |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5248731970787048 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Brine |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-oil-recovery |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5027971267700195 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Enhanced oil recovery |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5019826889038086 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[7].score | 0.468874454498291 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-metal |
| keywords[8].score | 0.455778568983078 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Alkali metal |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[9].score | 0.409788578748703 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4061537981033325 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.38580936193466187 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Petroleum engineering |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralogy |
| keywords[12].score | 0.34903115034103394 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Mineralogy |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[13].score | 0.205532968044281 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry |
| keywords[14].score | 0.15369918942451477 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics |
| keywords[15].score | 0.09773457050323486 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Thermodynamics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/polym12102241 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S123288148 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2073-4360 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2073-4360 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Polymers |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2241/pdf?version=1601373623 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Polymers |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:33003407 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Polymers |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33003407 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:848f5b8af5f54aceab0532f0ca792d62 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Polymers, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 2241 (2020) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/848f5b8af5f54aceab0532f0ca792d62 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4360/12/10/2241/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Polymers; Volume 12; Issue 10; Pages: 2241 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7600468 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Polymers (Basel) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7600468 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5006094968 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3555 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Vladislav Arekhov |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | OMV Russia Upstream GmbH, 197046 St. Petersburg, Russia |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Vladislav Arekhov |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | OMV Russia Upstream GmbH, 197046 St. Petersburg, Russia |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077859653 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-4064 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Rafael E. Hincapie |
| authorships[1].countries | AT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210110912 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | OMV Expl. & Production GmbH, New Technologies, Trabrennstraße 6-8, 1020 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210110912 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0170ntk37 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210110912 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Vienna Consulting Engineers (Austria) |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Rafael E. Hincapie |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | OMV Expl. & Production GmbH, New Technologies, Trabrennstraße 6-8, 1020 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014629332 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-7557 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Torsten Clemens |
| authorships[2].countries | AT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210110912 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | OMV Expl. & Production GmbH, New Technologies, Trabrennstraße 6-8, 1020 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210110912 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0170ntk37 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210110912 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Vienna Consulting Engineers (Austria) |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Torsten Clemens |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | OMV Expl. & Production GmbH, New Technologies, Trabrennstraße 6-8, 1020 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023418332 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-9089 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Muhammad Tahir |
| authorships[3].countries | DE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43980791 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Subsurface Energy Systems, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43980791 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04qb8nc58 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43980791 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Clausthal University of Technology |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Muhammad Tahir |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Subsurface Energy Systems, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2241/pdf?version=1601373623 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Variations in Wettability and Interfacial Tension during Alkali–Polymer Application for High and Low TAN Oils |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10491 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2212 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Ocean Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2004690139, https://openalex.org/W1983203575, https://openalex.org/W2765128803, https://openalex.org/W2783852280, https://openalex.org/W2943710653, https://openalex.org/W3126953615, https://openalex.org/W1979729555, https://openalex.org/W3042673129, https://openalex.org/W4361249230, https://openalex.org/W2899681035 |
| cited_by_count | 12 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/polym12102241 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S123288148 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2073-4360 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2073-4360 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Polymers |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2241/pdf?version=1601373623 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Polymers |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/polym12102241 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S123288148 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2073-4360 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2073-4360 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Polymers |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2241/pdf?version=1601373623 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Polymers |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102241 |
| publication_date | 2020-09-29 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3033033529, https://openalex.org/W2252183744, https://openalex.org/W2914508721, https://openalex.org/W4238465657, https://openalex.org/W2607278353, https://openalex.org/W2041567011, https://openalex.org/W2035326053, https://openalex.org/W4246637617, https://openalex.org/W3028809374, https://openalex.org/W1576737746, https://openalex.org/W2288634480, https://openalex.org/W6774047879, https://openalex.org/W2622207150, https://openalex.org/W2938434765, https://openalex.org/W6729146803, https://openalex.org/W2083872435, https://openalex.org/W2053626486, https://openalex.org/W4237763493, https://openalex.org/W4237277300, https://openalex.org/W4232976179, https://openalex.org/W2070838791, https://openalex.org/W2139011499, https://openalex.org/W1982379456, https://openalex.org/W4243029428, https://openalex.org/W2054859878, https://openalex.org/W1859863313, https://openalex.org/W1966612917, https://openalex.org/W2550286006, https://openalex.org/W2911948357, https://openalex.org/W2082406040, https://openalex.org/W2792455438, https://openalex.org/W3032932645, https://openalex.org/W3035639293, https://openalex.org/W3031147323, https://openalex.org/W2806021807, https://openalex.org/W2932275349, https://openalex.org/W3112271611, https://openalex.org/W2978820124, https://openalex.org/W3041256673, https://openalex.org/W3043869692, https://openalex.org/W2801040640, https://openalex.org/W2764057820, https://openalex.org/W2890647399, https://openalex.org/W2899979297, https://openalex.org/W2796978649, https://openalex.org/W3023213059, https://openalex.org/W2598543511, https://openalex.org/W4249552202, https://openalex.org/W2604693856, https://openalex.org/W2051455225, https://openalex.org/W2011813718, https://openalex.org/W2006621410, https://openalex.org/W2981342748, https://openalex.org/W2899607261, https://openalex.org/W3006301286, https://openalex.org/W1913780967, https://openalex.org/W2006294061, https://openalex.org/W2598503282, https://openalex.org/W2542818075, https://openalex.org/W2063333412 |
| referenced_works_count | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 45, 150, 159, 240, 266, 286, 360, 382 |
| abstract_inverted_index.48 | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 30, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 16, 144, 146, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 352, 371 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 10, 180, 205, 235, 265, 331, 373 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 368 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 27, 39, 77, 95, 161, 191, 258, 289, 300, 305, 312, 329, 377 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 70, 91, 99, 139, 147, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 8, 50, 74, 104, 113, 223, 252, 275, 351, 370 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.300 | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IFT | 102, 154, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TAN | 18, 197, 262, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 88, 174, 366 |
| abstract_inverted_index.act | 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 36, 47, 55, 79, 83, 101, 109, 111, 124, 127, 132, 176, 186, 198, 214, 246, 285, 310, 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 73, 103, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 158, 183, 188, 226, 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 267, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil | 13, 129, 217, 263, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 17, 24, 28, 32, 37, 52, 68, 75, 84, 93, 196, 208, 215, 224, 233, 248, 256, 290, 295, 298, 306, 313, 323, 330, 343, 374 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vs. | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 202, 212, 219, 364 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(low | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Data | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IFT. | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acid | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aged | 291, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clay | 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.core | 105, 121, 142, 228, 292, 308, 315, 347, 379 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 181, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.even | 355 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 133, 261, 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ions | 302, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.min. | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 241, 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rock | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situ | 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 137, 156, 165, 178, 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 59, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 149, 172, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.~10% | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EOR) | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IFT) | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(mono | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Amott | 135, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TAN). | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aged, | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agent | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aging | 106, 199, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alone | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brine | 115, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crude | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.final | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plugs | 143, 309, 348, 380 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polar | 327 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shown | 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 26, 243, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(total | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(~2.5% | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aging, | 359 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aging. | 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alkali | 187, 259, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brine, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cases, | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caused | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clay), | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.failed | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.index, | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ions); | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longer | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plugs. | 229, 293, 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slower | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state. | 153, 384 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agents. | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bridges | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cleaned | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirm | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content | 346 |
| abstract_inverted_index.created | 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defined | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 69, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focused | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mineral | 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutral | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number) | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil-wet | 152, 242, 354, 362, 378 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polymer | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reverse | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 237, 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tension | 41, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thereby | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.towards | 239, 381 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trapped | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wetting | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Divalent | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alkaline | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior | 363 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemical | 96, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combined | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 157, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compound | 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divalent | 119, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duration | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects, | 200, 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examines | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focusing | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gathered | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobilize | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-aged | 227, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polymer, | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presence | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promoted | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recovery | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.restored | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulted | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strongly | 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workflow | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Following | 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.baselines | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemicals | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combining | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparing | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast, | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 372 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injecting | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injection | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil-wet), | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principle | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solution. | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water-wet | 108, 141, 383 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(non-aged, | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alteration | 54, 72, 250, 284, 376 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 38, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibited. | 365 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imbibition | 34, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injections | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mineralogy | 122, 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reservoir. | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sandstones | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alteration. | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alterations | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application | 76, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.composition | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duplicates. | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equilibrium | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments | 136, 155, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injections. | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interfacial | 40, 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil-wetness | 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spontaneous | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surfactant, | 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wettability | 53, 71, 100, 238, 249, 283, 337, 375 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(separately) | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accelerating | 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.composition, | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 369 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments. | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil-recovery | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wettability, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutral–wet | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water-wetness | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alkali–polymer | 86, 367 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemical-enhanced | 61 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5077859653 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210110912 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.4300000071525574 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Clean water and sanitation |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.83642465 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |