Varietal Influence on the Formation of Bioactive Amines during the Processing of Fermented Cocoa with Different Pulp Contents Article Swipe
Paulo Túlio de Souza Silveira
,
Maria Beatriz Abreu Glória
,
Isabela Portelinha Tonin
,
Marina Oliveira Paraíso Martins
,
Priscilla Efraim
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495
During cocoa processing, there can be the formation of bioactive amines, which are compounds that play relevant roles not only in plant development but also in human health. Thus, we aimed to investigate the presence and levels of bioactive amines during the processing of two important varieties of cocoa (PS 1319 and Parazinho). The seeds were fermented using five different pulp proportions: 100% (E1), 80% (E2), 60% (E3), and 0% (total pulp removal) (E4). The beans were fermented and dried on a farm following traditional procedures. Soon after, they were roasted and processed into chocolates with 60% cocoa in the laboratory. Bioactive amine contents were determined by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC and fluorometric detection in the samples before, during, and after fermentation, after drying and roasting (nibs), and in the liquor and chocolate. The only amines found before processing in PS 1319 and Parazinho, respectively, in dry weight basis (dwb), were putrescine (pulp, 13.77 and 12.31; seed, 5.88 and 4.58) and serotonin (seed, 2.70 and 2.54). Fermentation was shorter for Parazinho (156 h) compared to PS 1319 (180 h). The changes in amines were affected by the cocoa variety. During drying, the presence of cadaverine stood out, appearing in all treatments of the PS 1319 variety, reaching 17.96 mg/kg dwb, and in two treatments of the Parazinho variety (100 and 60% pulp). During roasting, most of the amines decreased, except for phenylethylamine, which increased up to 2.47 mg/kg dwb for Parazinho and 1.73 mg/kg dwb for PS 1319. Most of the amines formed and built up (e.g., tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine) during fermentation were not available or were at low levels in the nibs. Most of the amines found during processing did not reach the final product (chocolate), except for cadaverine in PS 1319 without pulp (7.54 mg/kg dwb). Finally, we confirmed how pulp content, processing, and variety influence the content of bioactive amines in cocoa and chocolate. These changes can be better demonstrated through a heatmap and principal component analysis.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495
- https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/495/pdf?version=1674230274
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 7
- References
- 36
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4317743371
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4317743371Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Varietal Influence on the Formation of Bioactive Amines during the Processing of Fermented Cocoa with Different Pulp ContentsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-01-20Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Paulo Túlio de Souza Silveira, Maria Beatriz Abreu Glória, Isabela Portelinha Tonin, Marina Oliveira Paraíso Martins, Priscilla EfraimList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/495/pdf?version=1674230274Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/495/pdf?version=1674230274Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Roasting, Cadaverine, Pulp (tooth), Chemistry, Food science, Fermentation, Putrescine, Organic chemistry, Pathology, Enzyme, Physical chemistry, MedicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
7Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 5, 2024: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
36Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4317743371 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36766023 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4317743371 |
| fwci | 1.29969285 |
| type | article |
| title | Varietal Influence on the Formation of Bioactive Amines during the Processing of Fermented Cocoa with Different Pulp Contents |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G5859020988 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321091 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 001 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior |
| biblio.issue | 3 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 495 |
| biblio.first_page | 495 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320321091 |
| grants[0].award_id | 001 |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11924 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].score | 0.9958999752998352 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].display_name | Polyamine Metabolism and Applications |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12349 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.984499990940094 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1106 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Food Science |
| topics[1].display_name | Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T14150 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9459999799728394 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1305 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Biotechnology |
| topics[2].display_name | Biochemical and biochemical processes |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321091 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00x0ma614 |
| funders[0].display_name | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2200 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2382 |
| apc_paid.value | 2200 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2382 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C140327455 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8944195508956909 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228460 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Roasting |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2776928777 |
| concepts[1].level | 4 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8034682273864746 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161555 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Cadaverine |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C188442228 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7852638959884644 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48286 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Pulp (tooth) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.758910059928894 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C31903555 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6719487905502319 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Food science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C100544194 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.6595916748046875 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Fermentation |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2777167505 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4100203812122345 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410190 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Putrescine |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.1586126983165741 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C181199279 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Enzyme |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C147789679 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Physical chemistry |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/roasting |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8944195508956909 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Roasting |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cadaverine |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8034682273864746 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Cadaverine |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pulp |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7852638959884644 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Pulp (tooth) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[3].score | 0.758910059928894 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/food-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6719487905502319 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Food science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fermentation |
| keywords[5].score | 0.6595916748046875 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Fermentation |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/putrescine |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4100203812122345 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Putrescine |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry |
| keywords[7].score | 0.1586126983165741 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/foods12030495 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737939966 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2304-8158 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2304-8158 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Foods |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/495/pdf?version=1674230274 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Foods |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:36766023 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Foods (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36766023 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9914241 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Foods |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9914241 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2304-8158/12/3/495/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Foods; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 495 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:96d80c022b894b01ae758af7e318fdc2 |
| locations[4].is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[4].license | |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | article |
| locations[4].license_id | |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Foods, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 495 (2023) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/96d80c022b894b01ae758af7e318fdc2 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036493413 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-0561 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Paulo Túlio de Souza Silveira |
| authorships[0].countries | BR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04wffgt70 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | BR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Paulo Túlio de Souza Silveira |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086364638 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-0396 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Maria Beatriz Abreu Glória |
| authorships[1].countries | BR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I110200422 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I110200422 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0176yjw32 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I110200422 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | BR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Maria Beatriz Abreu Glória |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5090107632 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-7325 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Isabela Portelinha Tonin |
| authorships[2].countries | BR |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04wffgt70 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | BR |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Isabela Portelinha Tonin |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012685767 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Marina Oliveira Paraíso Martins |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Agrícola Conduru, Ilhéus 45666-000, Brazil |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Marina Oliveira Paraíso Martins |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Agrícola Conduru, Ilhéus 45666-000, Brazil |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5081939185 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-4731 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Priscilla Efraim |
| authorships[4].countries | BR |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04wffgt70 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | BR |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Priscilla Efraim |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/495/pdf?version=1674230274 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Varietal Influence on the Formation of Bioactive Amines during the Processing of Fermented Cocoa with Different Pulp Contents |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11924 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9958999752998352 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Polyamine Metabolism and Applications |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2025140359, https://openalex.org/W2067273086, https://openalex.org/W2017539396, https://openalex.org/W3125774355, https://openalex.org/W2120709133, https://openalex.org/W1922684071, https://openalex.org/W105809322, https://openalex.org/W1877092428, https://openalex.org/W2066279375, https://openalex.org/W1974044278 |
| cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/foods12030495 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737939966 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2304-8158 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2304-8158 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Foods |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/495/pdf?version=1674230274 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Foods |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/foods12030495 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737939966 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2304-8158 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2304-8158 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Foods |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/495/pdf?version=1674230274 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Foods |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030495 |
| publication_date | 2023-01-20 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2083753593, https://openalex.org/W2954397133, https://openalex.org/W2806816702, https://openalex.org/W2010978022, https://openalex.org/W2062488744, https://openalex.org/W2088797456, https://openalex.org/W2066022728, https://openalex.org/W3117514673, https://openalex.org/W2988428645, https://openalex.org/W2584640680, https://openalex.org/W2015380283, https://openalex.org/W2054172123, https://openalex.org/W2988362313, https://openalex.org/W2805023248, https://openalex.org/W2063535524, https://openalex.org/W3028668450, https://openalex.org/W2014767021, https://openalex.org/W3086699620, https://openalex.org/W1964168256, https://openalex.org/W3019714068, https://openalex.org/W3149494369, https://openalex.org/W2271188779, https://openalex.org/W2999100964, https://openalex.org/W2792784654, https://openalex.org/W2898637534, https://openalex.org/W2726021738, https://openalex.org/W2011338940, https://openalex.org/W2914658815, https://openalex.org/W2019875472, https://openalex.org/W2094268606, https://openalex.org/W2010391555, https://openalex.org/W2068824274, https://openalex.org/W2040606334, https://openalex.org/W1982525105, https://openalex.org/W6676546409, https://openalex.org/W2109096988 |
| referenced_works_count | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 81, 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0% | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PS | 139, 174, 202, 245, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 5, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 106, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h) | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 20, 25, 98, 113, 127, 138, 144, 180, 197, 210, 270, 290, 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 8, 37, 43, 47, 192, 200, 213, 224, 248, 274, 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 31, 173, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 233, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 29, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PS | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60% | 66, 96, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.80% | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 53, 74, 132, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 35, 51, 68, 78, 91, 110, 118, 123, 126, 130, 141, 153, 157, 159, 163, 209, 218, 240, 252, 258, 305, 315, 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 4, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.did | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dry | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dwb | 237, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 168, 229, 238, 244, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h). | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 18, 263, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 6, 33, 41, 99, 114, 128, 185, 190, 201, 214, 225, 249, 271, 275, 283, 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 44, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(100 | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(156 | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(180 | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.73 | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.100% | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1319 | 50, 140, 175, 203, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.47 | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.70 | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5.88 | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPLC | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Most | 247, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Soon | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dwb, | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.farm | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 19, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out, | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.play | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pulp | 60, 71, 294, 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 55, 76, 89, 104, 149, 182, 262, 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(7.54 | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(E1), | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(E2), | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(E3), | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(E4). | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.13.77 | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1319. | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.17.96 | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.58) | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Thus, | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 119, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aimed | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amine | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basis | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beans | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.built | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cocoa | 1, 48, 97, 186, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dried | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dwb). | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.final | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 135, 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mg/kg | 207, 236, 242, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nibs. | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plant | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reach | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roles | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seed, | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seeds | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stood | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 11, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(dwb), | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(e.g., | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(pulp, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(seed, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(total | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.12.31; | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.54). | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.During | 0, 188, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amines | 39, 134, 181, 226, 250, 276, 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drying | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 40, 260, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.except | 228, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formed | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 36, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.liquor | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pulp). | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weight | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(nibs), | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amines, | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before, | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 179, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drying, | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health. | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heatmap | 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.product | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roasted | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shorter | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variety | 216, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affected | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content, | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contents | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ion-pair | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presence | 34, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaching | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removal) | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roasting | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variety, | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variety. | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bioactive | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Parazinho | 169, 215, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis. | 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appearing | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bioactive | 9, 38, 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component | 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirmed | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fermented | 56, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.following | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principal | 327 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processed | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roasting, | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.serotonin | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tyramine, | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varieties | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Parazinho, | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cadaverine | 193, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chocolate. | 131, 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chocolates | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased, | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 42, 137, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.putrescine | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatments | 199, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Parazinho). | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cadaverine) | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigate | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laboratory. | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.procedures. | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing, | 2, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.putrescine, | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traditional | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(chocolate), | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fermentation | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fermentation | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluorometric | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proportions: | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fermentation, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reversed-phase | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phenylethylamine, | 230 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5081939185 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181391015 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.79331804 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |