Wave-shaped wires for the interconnection of silicon solar cells without pads or busbars Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402
A reliable interconnection of silicon solar cells without pads or busbars by soldering directly on the contact finger grid is possible using wave-shaped wires. However, disadvantages caused by the modified geometry of wire interconnectors are a higher electrical resistance, due to a longer current path, and an increased shading area on the solar cell surface. Both decreases the potential power of a PV module. In this study, the output power and the CTM ratio of PV modules with solar cells interconnected by busbars and ribbons, contact pads and straight wires, and wave-shaped wires soldered directly on contact fingers is simulated and compared. Furthermore, the influence of the wire number, the amplitude, and the wire diameter is analyzed to identify the configuration that results in the maximum PV module power. Despite a lower CTM ratio, caused by additional shading and resistance losses, the simulation results show a relative output power increase of up to +0.7% compared to wire and pad row interconnection and up to +1% compared to ribbon and busbar interconnection for a PV module with half solar cells and wave-shaped wires soldered on the contact finger grid.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 14
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4312825843
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4312825843Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Wave-shaped wires for the interconnection of silicon solar cells without pads or busbarsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Li Carlos Rendler, Andrea Pfreundt, M. Mittag, Achim Kraft, Dirk Holger NeuhausList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Busbar, Interconnection, Materials science, Contact resistance, Optoelectronics, Ribbon, Photovoltaic system, Electrical engineering, Composite material, Computer science, Engineering, Telecommunications, Layer (electronics)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1, 2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
14Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4312825843 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4312825843 |
| fwci | 0.32294016 |
| type | article |
| title | Wave-shaped wires for the interconnection of silicon solar cells without pads or busbars |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 2740 |
| biblio.last_page | 020007 |
| biblio.first_page | 020007 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10624 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12309 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9983999729156494 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | solar cell performance optimization |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10460 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9970999956130981 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C192690417 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9714865684509277 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030817 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Busbar |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C123745756 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8268746137619019 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Interconnection |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7524272203445435 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C123671423 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5841118097305298 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332329 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Contact resistance |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C49040817 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4825591444969177 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Optoelectronics |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2780392137 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.47060665488243103 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17121801 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Ribbon |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C41291067 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.41717201471328735 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Photovoltaic system |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4096197485923767 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.24203923344612122 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.18362706899642944 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.1184539794921875 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.11085250973701477 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2779227376 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.08657395839691162 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Layer (electronics) |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/busbar |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9714865684509277 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Busbar |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8268746137619019 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Interconnection |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7524272203445435 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-resistance |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5841118097305298 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Contact resistance |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4825591444969177 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Optoelectronics |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ribbon |
| keywords[5].score | 0.47060665488243103 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Ribbon |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system |
| keywords[6].score | 0.41717201471328735 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Photovoltaic system |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4096197485923767 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[8].score | 0.24203923344612122 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[9].score | 0.18362706899642944 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[10].score | 0.1184539794921875 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications |
| keywords[11].score | 0.11085250973701477 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Telecommunications |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/layer |
| keywords[12].score | 0.08657395839691162 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Layer (electronics) |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1063/5.0127402 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764696622 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0094-243X, 1551-7616, 1935-0465 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0094-243X |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | AIP conference proceedings |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Institute of Physics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | proceedings-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | AIP Conference Proceedings |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/437733 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | conference paper |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/437733 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5066470228 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Li Carlos Rendler |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kfzvh91 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210117272, https://openalex.org/I4923324 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Li Carlos Rendler |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079467318 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Andrea Pfreundt |
| authorships[1].countries | DE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kfzvh91 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210117272, https://openalex.org/I4923324 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Andrea Pfreundt |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5017652282 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6789-7763 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | M. Mittag |
| authorships[2].countries | DE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kfzvh91 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210117272, https://openalex.org/I4923324 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Max Mittag |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5110458264 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Achim Kraft |
| authorships[3].countries | DE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kfzvh91 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210117272, https://openalex.org/I4923324 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Achim Kraft |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022329189 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9496-7305 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Dirk Holger Neuhaus |
| authorships[4].countries | DE |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kfzvh91 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210117272, https://openalex.org/I4923324 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Dirk Holger Neuhaus |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Wave-shaped wires for the interconnection of silicon solar cells without pads or busbars |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10624 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2543161328, https://openalex.org/W2152695672, https://openalex.org/W2374839807, https://openalex.org/W2203598220, https://openalex.org/W2370468061, https://openalex.org/W3134754458, https://openalex.org/W2498691497, https://openalex.org/W2067934601, https://openalex.org/W2366560155, https://openalex.org/W2550592481 |
| cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1063/5.0127402 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764696622 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0094-243X, 1551-7616, 1935-0465 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0094-243X |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | AIP conference proceedings |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Institute of Physics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | proceedings-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | AIP Conference Proceedings |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1063/5.0127402 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764696622 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0094-243X, 1551-7616, 1935-0465 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0094-243X |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | AIP conference proceedings |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Institute of Physics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | proceedings-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | AIP Conference Proceedings |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127402 |
| publication_date | 2022-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2103210782, https://openalex.org/W2061846512, https://openalex.org/W2346798574, https://openalex.org/W2913168674, https://openalex.org/W2927886079, https://openalex.org/W2058400496, https://openalex.org/W2758753293, https://openalex.org/W1157724650, https://openalex.org/W4312825843, https://openalex.org/W2160964356, https://openalex.org/W2778159778, https://openalex.org/W2760267564, https://openalex.org/W2886526396, https://openalex.org/W2120092482 |
| referenced_works_count | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 35, 41, 61, 130, 145, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PV | 62, 75, 126, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 11, 27, 81, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 19, 98, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 31, 60, 74, 105, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 14, 50, 95, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 40, 117, 152, 155, 163, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 151, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.+1% | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CTM | 72, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 45, 70, 83, 87, 90, 100, 111, 138, 157, 161, 168, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pad | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.row | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 15, 28, 51, 57, 67, 71, 103, 106, 109, 112, 119, 124, 141, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Both | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grid | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.half | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pads | 8, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wire | 32, 107, 113, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 77, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.+0.7% | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 6, 79, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grid. | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.path, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 59, 69, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solar | 5, 52, 78, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wires | 92, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.busbar | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caused | 26, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finger | 17, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longer | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.module | 127, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.output | 68, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power. | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ribbon | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wires, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wires. | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Despite | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.busbars | 10, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contact | 16, 85, 96, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fingers | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.losses, | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.module. | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modules | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number, | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 122, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shading | 48, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silicon | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 154, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diameter | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directly | 13, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geometry | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modified | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ribbons, | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soldered | 93, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.straight | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared. | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreases | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulated | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soldering | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amplitude, | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrical | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance, | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wave-shaped | 22, 91, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configuration | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disadvantages | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interconnected | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interconnection | 2, 160, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interconnectors | 33 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5066470228 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210117272 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8500000238418579 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.56966773 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |