“We don't want to be the bad guys”: Oil industry's sensemaking of the sustainability transition paradox Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800
The operating model of the global oil industry is not compatible with the goals of the Paris Agreement. For the industry, there is a fundamental tension between two competing mandates: the pressure to contribute to the social goal of climate change mitigation, and the need to perform financially and meet obligations to shareholders in activities that directly contribute to climate change. To explore the range of responses to the tension, we interview professionals from large international oil companies who work or have worked in climate related roles. This is novel data from a professional group that has not previously been interviewed in depth about climate change. We develop a framework of six archetypical responses to tension within the oil industry. Examples of strategic responses include accepting the paradox to choose priorities other than climate change mitigation and confronting the paradox to demand changes to the way the oil industry operates. Examples of defensive responses include the transfer of responsibility and projection of tension to other stakeholders. Responses calling for change in the oil industry are the most common among people who have left the industry and the least common for participants from companies headquartered outside of Europe. In a field marked by controversies and value-based debates, a better understanding of the views of people working on the energy transition inside the oil industry provides new insight into the discussion about possible routes to the sustainability transition.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 33
- References
- 90
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4295004796
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4295004796Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
“We don't want to be the bad guys”: Oil industry's sensemaking of the sustainability transition paradoxWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-09-07Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Krista Halttunen, Raphael Slade, Iain StaffellList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Sustainability, Petroleum industry, Sensemaking, Climate change, Work (physics), Shareholder value, Shareholder, Business, Corporate social responsibility, Public relations, Economics, Political science, Corporate governance, Engineering, Finance, Mechanical engineering, Biology, Ecology, Environmental engineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
33Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 13, 2024: 16, 2023: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
90Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4295004796 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4295004796 |
| fwci | 1.92973731 |
| type | article |
| title | “We don't want to be the bad guys”: Oil industry's sensemaking of the sustainability transition paradox |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G2859275344 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334631 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | NE/S012834/1 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Natural Environment Research Council |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G5333172117 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334322 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 837089 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme |
| awards[2].id | https://openalex.org/G8046259201 |
| awards[2].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334631 |
| awards[2].display_name | |
| awards[2].funder_award_id | NE/S007415/1 |
| awards[2].funder_display_name | Natural Environment Research Council |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 92 |
| biblio.last_page | 102800 |
| biblio.first_page | 102800 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12639 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Energy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9973000288009644 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2105 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment |
| topics[0].display_name | Global Energy and Sustainability Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10119 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.991100013256073 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[1].display_name | Sustainability and Climate Change Governance |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11488 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.9810000061988831 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3312 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Sociology and Political Science |
| topics[2].display_name | Climate Change Communication and Perception |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334322 |
| funders[0].ror | |
| funders[0].display_name | HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334631 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/02b5d8509 |
| funders[1].display_name | Natural Environment Research Council |
| funders[2].id | https://openalex.org/F4320335254 |
| funders[2].ror | |
| funders[2].display_name | Horizon 2020 |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 3300 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3300 |
| apc_paid.value | 3300 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3300 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C66204764 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6679656505584717 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Sustainability |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C526740375 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6576399803161621 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862571 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Petroleum industry |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2780554381 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6156659126281738 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063340 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Sensemaking |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C132651083 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6123117208480835 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Climate change |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C18762648 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5302001237869263 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Work (physics) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2779093199 |
| concepts[5].level | 4 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4523206949234009 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338010 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Shareholder value |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C120757647 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.44479885697364807 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381136 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Shareholder |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4381474554538727 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Business |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C141261163 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4354058504104614 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Corporate social responsibility |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C39549134 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4018709659576416 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Public relations |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3286929428577423 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3156113624572754 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C39389867 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.217879980802536 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Corporate governance |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.18114066123962402 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C10138342 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.1429995596408844 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Finance |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C78519656 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C87717796 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Environmental engineering |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6679656505584717 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Sustainability |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-industry |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6576399803161621 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Petroleum industry |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sensemaking |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6156659126281738 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Sensemaking |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6123117208480835 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Climate change |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/work |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5302001237869263 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Work (physics) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/shareholder-value |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4523206949234009 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Shareholder value |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/shareholder |
| keywords[6].score | 0.44479885697364807 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Shareholder |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/business |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4381474554538727 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Business |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-social-responsibility |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4354058504104614 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Corporate social responsibility |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4018709659576416 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Public relations |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3286929428577423 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Economics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3156113624572754 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Political science |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance |
| keywords[12].score | 0.217879980802536 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Corporate governance |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[13].score | 0.18114066123962402 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/finance |
| keywords[14].score | 0.1429995596408844 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Finance |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764593084 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2214-6296, 2214-6326 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2214-6296 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Energy Research & Social Science |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Energy Research & Social Science |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/99505 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401396 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | Spiral (Imperial College London) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Imperial College London |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| locations[1].license | other-oa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Journal Article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | 102800 |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/99505 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5050590245 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2451-7130 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Krista Halttunen |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, SW71NE, UK |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041kmwe10 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Imperial College London |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Krista Halttunen |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, SW71NE, UK |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039802933 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-4224 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Raphael Slade |
| authorships[1].countries | GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, SW71NE, UK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041kmwe10 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Imperial College London |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Raphael Slade |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, SW71NE, UK |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5043765100 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-7075 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Iain Staffell |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, SW71NE, UK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041kmwe10 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Imperial College London |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Iain Staffell |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, SW71NE, UK |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | “We don't want to be the bad guys”: Oil industry's sensemaking of the sustainability transition paradox |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12639 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Energy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9973000288009644 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2105 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment |
| primary_topic.display_name | Global Energy and Sustainability Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3002559787, https://openalex.org/W2100609754, https://openalex.org/W2050640900, https://openalex.org/W2049050102, https://openalex.org/W2596767525, https://openalex.org/W1886987011, https://openalex.org/W2795557596, https://openalex.org/W3045759591, https://openalex.org/W2042081384, https://openalex.org/W3185235408 |
| cited_by_count | 33 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 13 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 16 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764593084 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2214-6296, 2214-6326 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2214-6296 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Energy Research & Social Science |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Energy Research & Social Science |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764593084 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2214-6296, 2214-6326 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2214-6296 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Energy Research & Social Science |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Energy Research & Social Science |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102800 |
| publication_date | 2022-09-07 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6770025313, https://openalex.org/W2808719646, https://openalex.org/W2471652001, https://openalex.org/W3217133866, https://openalex.org/W2945215085, https://openalex.org/W984358109, https://openalex.org/W3035866066, https://openalex.org/W2901246244, https://openalex.org/W6763791251, https://openalex.org/W2910922638, https://openalex.org/W2150600289, https://openalex.org/W2504383639, https://openalex.org/W6786010293, https://openalex.org/W3019562094, https://openalex.org/W6790135813, https://openalex.org/W4225164625, https://openalex.org/W3197491055, https://openalex.org/W2154011351, https://openalex.org/W2082014614, https://openalex.org/W3036222015, https://openalex.org/W2613694572, https://openalex.org/W3160860426, https://openalex.org/W2746322868, https://openalex.org/W1984004446, https://openalex.org/W2882989923, https://openalex.org/W3038281093, https://openalex.org/W2143834698, https://openalex.org/W2023515071, https://openalex.org/W2156304718, https://openalex.org/W2109208310, https://openalex.org/W2051487002, https://openalex.org/W3175074556, https://openalex.org/W1989490996, https://openalex.org/W2804931877, https://openalex.org/W1967505108, https://openalex.org/W2064906556, https://openalex.org/W4283016576, https://openalex.org/W4224273970, https://openalex.org/W3200342867, https://openalex.org/W4253981452, https://openalex.org/W1983784355, https://openalex.org/W2131621631, https://openalex.org/W2006759735, https://openalex.org/W2883325278, https://openalex.org/W2113213730, https://openalex.org/W4231785193, https://openalex.org/W4230341080, https://openalex.org/W4231826647, https://openalex.org/W2102079303, https://openalex.org/W6678258202, https://openalex.org/W1995415264, https://openalex.org/W2074672192, https://openalex.org/W3017226552, https://openalex.org/W1988805390, https://openalex.org/W2131057937, https://openalex.org/W2618560146, https://openalex.org/W2115779401, https://openalex.org/W2112665591, https://openalex.org/W1538543390, https://openalex.org/W2152231782, https://openalex.org/W1992367984, https://openalex.org/W3003433511, https://openalex.org/W2903580946, https://openalex.org/W2588799065, https://openalex.org/W2895330846, https://openalex.org/W6629849186, https://openalex.org/W6730325217, https://openalex.org/W2101962881, https://openalex.org/W2800946587, https://openalex.org/W3047822058, https://openalex.org/W2804081400, https://openalex.org/W2065068950, https://openalex.org/W2991435845, https://openalex.org/W2003004462, https://openalex.org/W2112614105, https://openalex.org/W2781078111, https://openalex.org/W2800190939, https://openalex.org/W2169652144, https://openalex.org/W2031141566, https://openalex.org/W3030033797, https://openalex.org/W4237771706, https://openalex.org/W2155675907, https://openalex.org/W4231788326, https://openalex.org/W2556609826, https://openalex.org/W2418999818, https://openalex.org/W1572762085, https://openalex.org/W2949265292, https://openalex.org/W3184854684, https://openalex.org/W1603746823, https://openalex.org/W3125458723 |
| referenced_works_count | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 23, 92, 108, 198, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 53, 83, 101, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 8, 22, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 14, 38, 65, 110, 121, 151, 157, 161, 195, 209, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 32, 34, 45, 51, 58, 67, 114, 128, 140, 143, 163, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 42, 48, 136, 159, 185, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 168, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 9, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil | 6, 76, 118, 147, 172, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 4, 12, 15, 19, 30, 35, 43, 63, 68, 117, 126, 138, 144, 146, 155, 171, 175, 183, 186, 210, 216, 220, 227, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 78, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 73, 91, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goal | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 81, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.left | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meet | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 55, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Paris | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 103, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depth | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goals | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.least | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 131, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.views | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 40, 134, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.choose | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 177, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demand | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inside | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marked | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.people | 179, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roles. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.routes | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.social | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worked | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Europe. | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calling | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change. | 60, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate | 39, 59, 84, 104, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explore | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 124, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insight | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outside | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paradox | 127, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perform | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tension | 25, 115, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.working | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Examples | 120, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.debates, | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directly | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry | 7, 148, 173, 184, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tension, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transfer | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Responses | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accepting | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.companies | 77, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.competing | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defensive | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry. | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interview | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mandates: | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operates. | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operating | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responses | 66, 113, 123, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategic | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Agreement. | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activities | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compatible | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribute | 33, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussion | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigation | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.previously | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.priorities | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.projection | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confronting | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.financially | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fundamental | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interviewed | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigation, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obligations | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition. | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.value-based | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.archetypical | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.professional | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shareholders | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controversies | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.headquartered | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.international | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.professionals | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stakeholders. | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understanding | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responsibility | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainability | 234 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5050590245 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.83565199 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |