When & How to Transfer with Transfer Learning Article Swipe

PDF

Adrián Tormos , Darío Garcia-Gasulla , Víctor Giménez-Ábalos , Sergio Álvarez-Napagao ·

YOU? · · 2022 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.04347

In deep learning, transfer learning (TL) has become the de facto approach when dealing with image related tasks. Visual features learnt for one task have been shown to be reusable for other tasks, improving performance significantly. By reusing deep representations, TL enables the use of deep models in domains with limited data availability, limited computational resources and/or limited access to human experts. Domains which include the vast majority of real-life applications. This paper conducts an experimental evaluation of TL, exploring its trade-offs with respect to performance, environmental footprint, human hours and computational requirements. Results highlight the cases were a cheap feature extraction approach is preferable, and the situations where an expensive fine-tuning effort may be worth the added cost. Finally, a set of guidelines on the use of TL are proposed.

Related Topics

Computer Science

Reuse

Deep Learning

Artificial Intelligence

Concepts

Computer science Reuse Transfer of learning Task (project management) Deep learning Set (abstract data type) De facto Artificial intelligence Footprint Machine learning Transfer (computing) Feature (linguistics) Image (mathematics) Data science Systems engineering Engineering Biology Programming language Philosophy Linguistics Waste management Law Political science Paleontology Parallel computing

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04347
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04347
OA Status: green
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4308672412

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4308672412

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.04347

Digital Object Identifier
Title: When & How to Transfer with Transfer Learning

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2022

Year of publication
Publication date: 2022-11-08

Full publication date if available
Authors: Adrián Tormos, Darío Garcia-Gasulla, Víctor Giménez-Ábalos, Sergio Álvarez-Napagao

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04347

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04347

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04347

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Computer science, Reuse, Transfer of learning, Task (project management), Deep learning, Set (abstract data type), De facto, Artificial intelligence, Footprint, Machine learning, Transfer (computing), Feature (linguistics), Image (mathematics), Data science, Systems engineering, Engineering, Biology, Programming language, Philosophy, Linguistics, Waste management, Law, Political science, Paleontology, Parallel computing

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4308672412
doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.04347
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.04347
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4308672412
fwci
type	preprint
title	When & How to Transfer with Transfer Learning
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T11307
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[0].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[0].score	0.9990000128746033
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
topics[0].display_name	Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T11714
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[1].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[1].score	0.9879000186920166
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1707
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
topics[1].display_name	Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T11775
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[2].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[2].score	0.9835000038146973
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[2].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2741
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
topics[2].display_name	COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[0].level	0
concepts[0].score	0.7402427196502686
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[0].display_name	Computer science
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C206588197
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.7398290634155273
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574
concepts[1].display_name	Reuse
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C150899416
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.7008405923843384
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378
concepts[2].display_name	Transfer of learning
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C2780451532
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.6795661449432373
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676
concepts[3].display_name	Task (project management)
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C108583219
concepts[4].level	2
concepts[4].score	0.6587944626808167
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536
concepts[4].display_name	Deep learning
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C177264268
concepts[5].level	2
concepts[5].score	0.6083555221557617
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741
concepts[5].display_name	Set (abstract data type)
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C2992317946
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.6069622039794922
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712144
concepts[6].display_name	De facto
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[7].level	1
concepts[7].score	0.5853923559188843
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[7].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C132943942
concepts[8].level	2
concepts[8].score	0.5828539729118347
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511
concepts[8].display_name	Footprint
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C119857082
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.4879855513572693
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539
concepts[9].display_name	Machine learning
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C2776175482
concepts[10].level	2
concepts[10].score	0.48733457922935486
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816
concepts[10].display_name	Transfer (computing)
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C2776401178
concepts[11].level	2
concepts[11].score	0.48586198687553406
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496
concepts[11].display_name	Feature (linguistics)
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C115961682
concepts[12].level	2
concepts[12].score	0.42683082818984985
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623
concepts[12].display_name	Image (mathematics)
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C2522767166
concepts[13].level	1
concepts[13].score	0.34905850887298584
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463
concepts[13].display_name	Data science
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C201995342
concepts[14].level	1
concepts[14].score	0.11729994416236877
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496
concepts[14].display_name	Systems engineering
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C127413603
concepts[15].level	0
concepts[15].score	0.10225442051887512
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023
concepts[15].display_name	Engineering
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C86803240
concepts[16].level	0
concepts[16].score	0.0
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420
concepts[16].display_name	Biology
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C199360897
concepts[17].level	1
concepts[17].score	0.0
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143
concepts[17].display_name	Programming language
concepts[18].id	https://openalex.org/C138885662
concepts[18].level	0
concepts[18].score	0.0
concepts[18].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891
concepts[18].display_name	Philosophy
concepts[19].id	https://openalex.org/C41895202
concepts[19].level	1
concepts[19].score	0.0
concepts[19].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162
concepts[19].display_name	Linguistics
concepts[20].id	https://openalex.org/C548081761
concepts[20].level	1
concepts[20].score	0.0
concepts[20].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388
concepts[20].display_name	Waste management
concepts[21].id	https://openalex.org/C199539241
concepts[21].level	1
concepts[21].score	0.0
concepts[21].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748
concepts[21].display_name	Law
concepts[22].id	https://openalex.org/C17744445
concepts[22].level	0
concepts[22].score	0.0
concepts[22].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442
concepts[22].display_name	Political science
concepts[23].id	https://openalex.org/C151730666
concepts[23].level	1
concepts[23].score	0.0
concepts[23].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205
concepts[23].display_name	Paleontology
concepts[24].id	https://openalex.org/C173608175
concepts[24].level	1
concepts[24].score	0.0
concepts[24].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661
concepts[24].display_name	Parallel computing
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[0].score	0.7402427196502686
keywords[0].display_name	Computer science
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse
keywords[1].score	0.7398290634155273
keywords[1].display_name	Reuse
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning
keywords[2].score	0.7008405923843384
keywords[2].display_name	Transfer of learning
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/task
keywords[3].score	0.6795661449432373
keywords[3].display_name	Task (project management)
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning
keywords[4].score	0.6587944626808167
keywords[4].display_name	Deep learning
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/set
keywords[5].score	0.6083555221557617
keywords[5].display_name	Set (abstract data type)
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/de-facto
keywords[6].score	0.6069622039794922
keywords[6].display_name	De facto
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence
keywords[7].score	0.5853923559188843
keywords[7].display_name	Artificial intelligence
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint
keywords[8].score	0.5828539729118347
keywords[8].display_name	Footprint
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning
keywords[9].score	0.4879855513572693
keywords[9].display_name	Machine learning
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer
keywords[10].score	0.48733457922935486
keywords[10].display_name	Transfer (computing)
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/feature
keywords[11].score	0.48586198687553406
keywords[11].display_name	Feature (linguistics)
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/image
keywords[12].score	0.42683082818984985
keywords[12].display_name	Image (mathematics)
keywords[13].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science
keywords[13].score	0.34905850887298584
keywords[13].display_name	Data science
keywords[14].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering
keywords[14].score	0.11729994416236877
keywords[14].display_name	Systems engineering
keywords[15].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering
keywords[15].score	0.10225442051887512
keywords[15].display_name	Engineering
language	en
locations[0].id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.04347
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04347
locations[0].version	submittedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	text
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04347
locations[1].id	pmh:oai:zenodo.org:8014324
locations[1].is_oa	True
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400562
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	True
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I67311998
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	European Organization for Nuclear Research
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I67311998
locations[1].license	cc-by-nc-nd
locations[1].pdf_url	https://zenodo.org/record/8014324
locations[1].version	submittedVersion
locations[1].raw_type	info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper
locations[1].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published	False
locations[1].raw_source_name
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.04347
locations[2].id	doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.04347
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	True
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[2].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[2].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[2].license
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version
locations[2].raw_type	article
locations[2].license_id
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published
locations[2].raw_source_name
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.04347
indexed_in	arxiv, datacite
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5001312222
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-9393
authorships[0].author.display_name	Adrián Tormos
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Tormos, Adrian
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5010831226
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-5641
authorships[1].author.display_name	Darío Garcia-Gasulla
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Garcia-Gasulla, Dario
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5081818290
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-6145
authorships[2].author.display_name	Víctor Giménez-Ábalos
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Gimenez-Abalos, Victor
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5028049729
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-9703
authorships[3].author.display_name	Sergio Álvarez-Napagao
authorships[3].author_position	last
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Alvarez-Napagao, Sergio
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04347
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	When & How to Transfer with Transfer Learning
has_fulltext	True
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T11307
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
primary_topic.field.display_name	Computer Science
primary_topic.score	0.9990000128746033
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
primary_topic.display_name	Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2807906686, https://openalex.org/W2794909825, https://openalex.org/W4247715995, https://openalex.org/W2594962586, https://openalex.org/W2518047880, https://openalex.org/W3175075103, https://openalex.org/W2371349926, https://openalex.org/W2052813026, https://openalex.org/W2365515864, https://openalex.org/W2319480434
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	3
best_oa_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.04347
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04347
best_oa_location.version	submittedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	text
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04347
primary_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.04347
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04347
primary_location.version	submittedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	text
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04347
publication_date	2022-11-08
publication_year	2022
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.a	98, 120
abstract_inverted_index.By	36
abstract_inverted_index.In	0
abstract_inverted_index.TL	40, 128
abstract_inverted_index.an	74, 109
abstract_inverted_index.be	28, 114
abstract_inverted_index.de	9
abstract_inverted_index.in	47
abstract_inverted_index.is	103
abstract_inverted_index.of	44, 68, 77, 122, 127
abstract_inverted_index.on	124
abstract_inverted_index.to	27, 59, 84
abstract_inverted_index.TL,	78
abstract_inverted_index.and	90, 105
abstract_inverted_index.are	129
abstract_inverted_index.for	21, 30
abstract_inverted_index.has	6
abstract_inverted_index.its	80
abstract_inverted_index.may	113
abstract_inverted_index.one	22
abstract_inverted_index.set	121
abstract_inverted_index.the	8, 42, 65, 95, 106, 116, 125
abstract_inverted_index.use	43, 126
abstract_inverted_index.(TL)	5
abstract_inverted_index.This	71
abstract_inverted_index.been	25
abstract_inverted_index.data	51
abstract_inverted_index.deep	1, 38, 45
abstract_inverted_index.have	24
abstract_inverted_index.task	23
abstract_inverted_index.vast	66
abstract_inverted_index.were	97
abstract_inverted_index.when	12
abstract_inverted_index.with	14, 49, 82
abstract_inverted_index.added	117
abstract_inverted_index.cases	96
abstract_inverted_index.cheap	99
abstract_inverted_index.cost.	118
abstract_inverted_index.facto	10
abstract_inverted_index.hours	89
abstract_inverted_index.human	60, 88
abstract_inverted_index.image	15
abstract_inverted_index.other	31
abstract_inverted_index.paper	72
abstract_inverted_index.shown	26
abstract_inverted_index.where	108
abstract_inverted_index.which	63
abstract_inverted_index.worth	115
abstract_inverted_index.Visual	18
abstract_inverted_index.access	58
abstract_inverted_index.and/or	56
abstract_inverted_index.become	7
abstract_inverted_index.effort	112
abstract_inverted_index.learnt	20
abstract_inverted_index.models	46
abstract_inverted_index.tasks,	32
abstract_inverted_index.tasks.	17
abstract_inverted_index.Domains	62
abstract_inverted_index.Results	93
abstract_inverted_index.dealing	13
abstract_inverted_index.domains	48
abstract_inverted_index.enables	41
abstract_inverted_index.feature	100
abstract_inverted_index.include	64
abstract_inverted_index.limited	50, 53, 57
abstract_inverted_index.related	16
abstract_inverted_index.respect	83
abstract_inverted_index.reusing	37
abstract_inverted_index.Finally,	119
abstract_inverted_index.approach	11, 102
abstract_inverted_index.conducts	73
abstract_inverted_index.experts.	61
abstract_inverted_index.features	19
abstract_inverted_index.learning	4
abstract_inverted_index.majority	67
abstract_inverted_index.reusable	29
abstract_inverted_index.transfer	3
abstract_inverted_index.expensive	110
abstract_inverted_index.exploring	79
abstract_inverted_index.highlight	94
abstract_inverted_index.improving	33
abstract_inverted_index.learning,	2
abstract_inverted_index.proposed.	130
abstract_inverted_index.real-life	69
abstract_inverted_index.resources	55
abstract_inverted_index.evaluation	76
abstract_inverted_index.extraction	101
abstract_inverted_index.footprint,	87
abstract_inverted_index.guidelines	123
abstract_inverted_index.situations	107
abstract_inverted_index.trade-offs	81
abstract_inverted_index.fine-tuning	111
abstract_inverted_index.performance	34
abstract_inverted_index.preferable,	104
abstract_inverted_index.experimental	75
abstract_inverted_index.performance,	85
abstract_inverted_index.applications.	70
abstract_inverted_index.availability,	52
abstract_inverted_index.computational	54, 91
abstract_inverted_index.environmental	86
abstract_inverted_index.requirements.	92
abstract_inverted_index.significantly.	35
abstract_inverted_index.representations,	39
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	4
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.5299999713897705
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Responsible consumption and production
citation_normalized_percentile