Wide Application of Minimally Processed Saliva on Multiple RT-qPCR Kits for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Indonesia Article Swipe
Caroline Mahendra
,
Maria Mardalena Martini Kaisar
,
Suraj Rajan Vasandani
,
Sem Samuel Surja
,
Enty Tjoa
,
Febie Chriestya
,
Kathleen Irena Junusmin
,
Tria Asri Widowati
,
Astrid Irwanto
,
Soegianto Ali
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538
Saliva as a sample matrix has been an attractive alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, due to potential variability in collection and processing steps, evaluating a proposed workflow amongst the local population is recommended. Here, we aim to validate the collection and treatment of human saliva as a direct specimen for RT-qPCR-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 target genes were detected in saliva specimens and remained stable for five days either refrigerated or stored at room temperature. The method of processing saliva specimens described in this report bypasses the need for an RNA-extraction process, thereby reducing the cost, time, and manpower required for processing samples. The developed method was tested across nine commercial kits, including the benchmark, to demonstrate its wide applicability on multiple existing workflows. Our developed method achieved an 86% overall agreement rate compared to paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens (NPOP). With the assistance of a saliva sampling device, the collection was found to be more convenient for individuals and improved the overall agreement rate to 97%.
Related Topics
Concepts
Saliva
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Population
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Medicine
Pathology
Internal medicine
Environmental health
Disease
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 10
- References
- 24
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3194221365
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3194221365Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Wide Application of Minimally Processed Saliva on Multiple RT-qPCR Kits for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in IndonesiaWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-08-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Caroline Mahendra, Maria Mardalena Martini Kaisar, Suraj Rajan Vasandani, Sem Samuel Surja, Enty Tjoa, Febie Chriestya, Kathleen Irena Junusmin, Tria Asri Widowati, Astrid Irwanto, Soegianto AliList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Saliva, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Medicine, Pathology, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Disease, Infectious disease (medical specialty)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
10Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 4, 2023: 2, 2022: 3, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
24Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3194221365 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538 |
| ids.mag | 3194221365 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34485174 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3194221365 |
| fwci | 0.73143701 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D007214 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Indonesia |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D009305 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Nasopharynx |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D012367 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | RNA, Viral |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D000086402 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | SARS-CoV-2 |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D012463 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Saliva |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D013048 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Specimen Handling |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D007214 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Indonesia |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D009305 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Nasopharynx |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D012367 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | RNA, Viral |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D000086402 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | SARS-CoV-2 |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D012463 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Saliva |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D013048 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Specimen Handling |
| type | article |
| title | Wide Application of Minimally Processed Saliva on Multiple RT-qPCR Kits for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Indonesia |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 11 |
| biblio.last_page | 691538 |
| biblio.first_page | 691538 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11754 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[0].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11393 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9950000047683716 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Biosensors and Analytical Detection |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10207 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9944000244140625 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].display_name | Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2950 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2950 |
| apc_paid.value | 2950 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2950 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C504460877 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9108095169067383 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Saliva |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C3007834351 |
| concepts[1].level | 5 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.517461359500885 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2908647359 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.48856934905052185 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Population |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C3008058167 |
| concepts[3].level | 4 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.482172429561615 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3616238236427307 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.17691561579704285 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.10648772120475769 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C99454951 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.07741546630859375 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Environmental health |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.06068819761276245 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C524204448 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/saliva |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9108095169067383 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Saliva |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 |
| keywords[1].score | 0.517461359500885 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/population |
| keywords[2].score | 0.48856934905052185 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Population |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019 |
| keywords[3].score | 0.482172429561615 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3616238236427307 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.17691561579704285 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Pathology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[6].score | 0.10648772120475769 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health |
| keywords[7].score | 0.07741546630859375 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Environmental health |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[8].score | 0.06068819761276245 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Disease |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2506667490 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2235-2988 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2235-2988 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538/pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:34485174 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34485174 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/232037 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Scopus OA2021 |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/232037 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38c1211313e24363947781a21563cfd0 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 11 (2021) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/38c1211313e24363947781a21563cfd0 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8416441 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Front Cell Infect Microbiol |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8416441 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5103112422 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-1305 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Caroline Mahendra |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Caroline Mahendra |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028958644 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7515-7673 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Maria Mardalena Martini Kaisar |
| authorships[1].countries | ID |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02hd2zk59 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Maria Mardalena Martini Kaisar |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061522571 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8340-0605 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Suraj Rajan Vasandani |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Suraj Rajan Vasandani |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012234161 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5981-0014 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Sem Samuel Surja |
| authorships[3].countries | ID |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02hd2zk59 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Sem Samuel Surja |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5009703356 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-4280 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Enty Tjoa |
| authorships[4].countries | ID |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02hd2zk59 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Enty Tjoa |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5080473059 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-3743 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Febie Chriestya |
| authorships[5].countries | ID |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Rumah Sakit Pendidikan & Pusat Penelitian Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02hd2zk59 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Febie Chriestya |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Rumah Sakit Pendidikan & Pusat Penelitian Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034475609 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-7921 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Kathleen Irena Junusmin |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Kathleen Irena Junusmin |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027062225 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-4750 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Tria Asri Widowati |
| authorships[7].countries | ID |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02hd2zk59 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Tria Asri Widowati |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030052681 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-3862 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Astrid Irwanto |
| authorships[8].countries | SG |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I165932596 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I165932596 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01tgyzw49 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I165932596 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | SG |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | National University of Singapore |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Astrid Irwanto |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082691383 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9972-8696 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Soegianto Ali |
| authorships[9].countries | ID |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02hd2zk59 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Soegianto Ali |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538/pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Wide Application of Minimally Processed Saliva on Multiple RT-qPCR Kits for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Indonesia |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11754 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| primary_topic.display_name | SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4206669628, https://openalex.org/W4224279380, https://openalex.org/W4205317059, https://openalex.org/W3176864053, https://openalex.org/W4206651655, https://openalex.org/W4206548596, https://openalex.org/W4292098121, https://openalex.org/W4210433452, https://openalex.org/W3036314732, https://openalex.org/W3084808338 |
| cited_by_count | 10 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2506667490 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2235-2988 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2235-2988 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538/pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2506667490 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2235-2988 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2235-2988 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538/pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538 |
| publication_date | 2021-08-18 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3030131862, https://openalex.org/W3016437870, https://openalex.org/W41083760, https://openalex.org/W2104572990, https://openalex.org/W3008352032, https://openalex.org/W3134325960, https://openalex.org/W3048499799, https://openalex.org/W3033546757, https://openalex.org/W3045507769, https://openalex.org/W2060201313, https://openalex.org/W3033661606, https://openalex.org/W3047479868, https://openalex.org/W3026059552, https://openalex.org/W3088011310, https://openalex.org/W7074236833, https://openalex.org/W3113716702, https://openalex.org/W3010604545, https://openalex.org/W3081853190, https://openalex.org/W3106816589, https://openalex.org/W3080652759, https://openalex.org/W3016764858, https://openalex.org/W3014088366, https://openalex.org/W3135947366, https://openalex.org/W2481582912 |
| referenced_works_count | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 2, 26, 48, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 7, 96, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 1, 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 20, 56, 66, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 13, 44, 54, 84, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 17, 38, 122, 141, 161, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.86% | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 82, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aim | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 22, 42, 69, 104, 144, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 10, 51, 72, 95, 107, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 11, 30, 40, 93, 101, 120, 150, 157, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 113, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.97%. | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.With | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.days | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nine | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 139, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.room | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.swab | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wide | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost, | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genes | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kits, | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.local | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Saliva | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direct | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.matrix | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 83, 112, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paired | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.report | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saliva | 46, 67, 86, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sample | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stable | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steps, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stored | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.target | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NPOP). | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amongst | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.device, | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 137, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thereby | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bypasses | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detected | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manpower | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remained | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.required | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples. | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sampling | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specimen | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.validate | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workflow | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agreement | 138, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.described | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection | 12, 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 111, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specimens | 68, 87, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Indonesia. | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2 | 55, 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assistance | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attractive | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benchmark, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collection | 21, 41, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commercial | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.convenient | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluating | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 23, 85, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workflows. | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2. | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternative | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variability | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recommended. | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refrigerated | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature. | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RT-qPCR-based | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applicability | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oropharyngeal | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RNA-extraction | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nasopharyngeal | 143 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5082691383 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161010349 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.72745163 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |