Within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor ultrafine particles and emergency room visits for cardiovascular outcomes Article Swipe
Scott Weichenthal
,
Éric Lavigne
,
Marshall Lloyd
,
Alessya Venuta
,
Arman Ganji
,
Junshi Xu
,
Milad Saeedi
,
Shoma Yamanouchi
,
Ryan Kulka
,
Marianne Hatzopoulou
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419
Background: Few epidemiological studies have examined the acute cardiovascular health impacts of within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor ultrafine particles (UFPs). Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study of within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor UFPs and emergency room visits for cardiovascular outcomes in Toronto, Canada, between 2019 and 2020. Outdoor UFP data (lag-0, 3-day mean, and 7-day mean) were assigned to residential locations using exposure models trained using data collected over a 1 year period (2020–2021). Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for outdoor UFP number concentrations (per 10,000/cm 3 ) and mean UFP size (per 5 nm), adjusting for potential time-varying confounders. Effect modification by temperature was also examined. Results: In total, our analysis included 89,694 cases of acute cardiovascular events. Seven-day mean outdoor UFP number concentrations and mean UFP size were most strongly associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Specifically, 7-day mean outdoor UFP number concentrations were associated with increased risks of all cardiovascular events (OR = 1.058, 95% CI = 1.007, 1.111) and ischemic heart disease events (OR = 1.140, 95% CI = 1.020, 1.274). Likewise, 7-day mean outdoor UFP size was associated with increased risks of all cardiovascular events (OR = 1.026, 95% CI = 1.013, 1.039) and ischemic heart disease events (OR = 1.059, 95% CI = 1.029, 1.090). Submultiplicative and subadditive interactions were observed between temperature and both outdoor UFP number concentrations and mean UFP size. Conclusions: Within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor UFPs are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events independent of other common outdoor air pollutants.
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 26
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4414320969
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4414320969Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor ultrafine particles and emergency room visits for cardiovascular outcomesWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-09-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Scott Weichenthal, Éric Lavigne, Marshall Lloyd, Alessya Venuta, Arman Ganji, Junshi Xu, Milad Saeedi, Shoma Yamanouchi, Ryan Kulka, Marianne HatzopoulouList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419Direct OA link when available
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
26Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4414320969 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40979242 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4414320969 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor ultrafine particles and emergency room visits for cardiovascular outcomes |
| biblio.issue | 5 |
| biblio.volume | 9 |
| biblio.last_page | e419 |
| biblio.first_page | e419 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10190 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| topics[0].display_name | Air Quality and Health Impacts |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11244 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9973999857902527 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| topics[1].display_name | Climate Change and Health Impacts |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12120 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9889000058174133 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2305 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Environmental Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1200 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1200 |
| apc_paid.value | 1200 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1200 |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210236793 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2474-7882 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2474-7882 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Environmental Epidemiology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310318547 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Wolters Kluwer |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310318547 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Environmental Epidemiology |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40979242 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40979242 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11257672 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12448178 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5009705170 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9634-5323 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Scott Weichenthal |
| authorships[0].countries | CA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05p8nb362 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Health Canada |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Scott Weichenthal |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003708086 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6146-9839 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Éric Lavigne |
| authorships[1].countries | CA |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05p8nb362 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Health Canada |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Eric Lavigne |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068989380 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-7344 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Marshall Lloyd |
| authorships[2].countries | CA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Marshall Lloyd |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065187707 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2508-5130 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Alessya Venuta |
| authorships[3].countries | CA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Alessya Venuta |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036408231 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Arman Ganji |
| authorships[4].countries | CA |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Arman Ganji |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5080678245 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-2291 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Junshi Xu |
| authorships[5].countries | CA |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Junshi Xu |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5042021482 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-1342 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Milad Saeedi |
| authorships[6].countries | CA |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Milad Saeedi |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035215634 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-2308 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Shoma Yamanouchi |
| authorships[7].countries | CA |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Shoma Yamanouchi |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032442845 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Ryan Kulka |
| authorships[8].countries | CA |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05p8nb362 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1288894424 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Health Canada |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Ryan Kulka |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014008526 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7107-7086 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Marianne Hatzopoulou |
| authorships[9].countries | CA |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Marianne Hatzopoulou |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor ultrafine particles and emergency room visits for cardiovascular outcomes |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10190 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| primary_topic.display_name | Air Quality and Health Impacts |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210236793 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2474-7882 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2474-7882 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Environmental Epidemiology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310318547 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Wolters Kluwer |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310318547 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Environmental Epidemiology |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210236793 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2474-7882 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2474-7882 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Environmental Epidemiology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310318547 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Wolters Kluwer |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310318547 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Environmental Epidemiology |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000419 |
| publication_date | 2025-09-18 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4297502054, https://openalex.org/W3011625613, https://openalex.org/W3123053481, https://openalex.org/W4400767416, https://openalex.org/W4376598368, https://openalex.org/W4400031430, https://openalex.org/W2987863330, https://openalex.org/W2605550732, https://openalex.org/W4400974597, https://openalex.org/W4384945255, https://openalex.org/W4400885661, https://openalex.org/W1990932229, https://openalex.org/W2153984317, https://openalex.org/W2106223767, https://openalex.org/W4385879476, https://openalex.org/W1972047014, https://openalex.org/W2030111032, https://openalex.org/W2396353432, https://openalex.org/W4323294561, https://openalex.org/W2557266895, https://openalex.org/W2087301486, https://openalex.org/W2061332916, https://openalex.org/W4213412546, https://openalex.org/W3204186164, https://openalex.org/W2130460526, https://openalex.org/W4387769761 |
| referenced_works_count | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.) | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3 | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5 | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.= | 164, 168, 177, 181, 200, 204, 213, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 23, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CI | 167, 180, 203, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 15, 31, 41, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 11, 27, 126, 159, 195, 251, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 59, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(OR | 163, 176, 199, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.95% | 166, 179, 202, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Few | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UFP | 49, 92, 101, 133, 138, 151, 188, 231, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.air | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 160, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 34, 46, 54, 99, 136, 171, 207, 221, 228, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 38, 90, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 115, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(95% | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(per | 95, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2019 | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UFPs | 33, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 50, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 100, 131, 137, 149, 186, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nm), | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.odds | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.room | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size | 102, 139, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 57, 79, 140, 154, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 144, 156, 192, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.year | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ORs) | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2020. | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3-day | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7-day | 55, 148, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acute | 7, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cases | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heart | 173, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean) | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean, | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risks | 158, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size. | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 62, 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.007, | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.013, | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.020, | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.026, | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.029, | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.039) | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.058, | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.059, | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.111) | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.140, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.89,694 | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Effect | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[CIs]) | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.events | 162, 175, 198, 211, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 64, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 93, 134, 152, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratios | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.visits | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(UFPs). | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(lag-0, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.090). | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.274). | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Canada, | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Outdoor | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 44, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 174, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.events. | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impacts | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outdoor | 16, 32, 91, 132, 150, 187, 230, 243, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trained | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods: | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Toronto, | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assigned | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimate | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examined | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ischemic | 172, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.logistic | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strongly | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10,000/cm | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Likewise, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Seven-day | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjusting | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emergency | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examined. | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 157, 193, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervals | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.locations | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes. | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particles | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ultrafine | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 143, 155, 191, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confidence | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regression | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variations | 14, 30, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background: | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conditional | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Within-city | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.independent | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollutants. | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residential | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subadditive | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature | 114, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within-city | 12, 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions: | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confounders. | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modification | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-varying | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Specifically, | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2020–2021). | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cardiovascular | 8, 39, 128, 145, 161, 197, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case-crossover | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations | 94, 135, 153, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatiotemporal | 13, 29, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epidemiological | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-stratified | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Submultiplicative | 220 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.52859094 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |