Alexandria B. Boehm
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P-1146. Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Emerging Pathogens in a Northern California Community Hospital, November 2024 to April 2025 Open
Background Emerging infections can lead to hospital outbreaks, and have the potential to cross borders and impact global health. While wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been effectively utilized to monitor respiratory viral circulati…
Charting the future of wastewater-based epidemiology for vector-borne diseases: opportunities, challenges, and climate-driven needs Open
We highlight opportunities, barriers, and additional considerations for wastewater surveillance for vector borne diseases.
Wastewater concentrations of rotavirus RNA are associated with infection and vaccination metrics in the USA Open
Surveillance of rotavirus infections remains critical because vaccines are underutilized in the USA. Using wastewater solids measurements of rotavirus RNA collected over one year from 185 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the USA, we …
Investigating cement-based surfaces as a sustainable flooring solution to improve Ascaris Suum egg removal and inactivation in low-resource settings Open
Soil-transmitted helminths, like Ascaris lumbricoides, are significant contributors to disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Infections are associated with morbidity and mortality in children and are often transmitted…
View article: Detection of Monkeypox Virus Clade Ib in Wastewater Solids at Wastewater Treatment Plants, United States
Detection of Monkeypox Virus Clade Ib in Wastewater Solids at Wastewater Treatment Plants, United States Open
We used a sensitive and specific PCR to detect monkeypox virus clade Ib DNA from >3,000 wastewater samples collected prospectively across the United States. Monkeypox virus clade Ib DNA was detected in 1 sample from a location with a confi…
View article: Importance of a heat snap in RT-PCR quantification of rotavirus double-stranded RNA in wastewater
Importance of a heat snap in RT-PCR quantification of rotavirus double-stranded RNA in wastewater Open
Quantification of copies of double stranded RNA using RT-PCR methods may require denaturation of the double stranded structure using an initial high temperature incubation followed by rapid cooling, herein called “heat snap”. Papers in the…
View article: Deep learning-based image quantification of epithelial cell shapes and its application to polycystic kidney disease
Deep learning-based image quantification of epithelial cell shapes and its application to polycystic kidney disease Open
Cell shape is a fundamental determinant of tissue architecture and organ function. In epithelial tissues, cytoskeletal organization and tight junctions regulate cell geometry, shaping functional tissue units. Disruption of these mechanisms…
View article: Detection of Hemagglutinin H5 Influenza A Virus RNA and Model of Potential Inputs in an Urban California Sewershed
Detection of Hemagglutinin H5 Influenza A Virus RNA and Model of Potential Inputs in an Urban California Sewershed Open
In 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 caused outbreaks in wild birds, poultry, cows, and other mammals in the United States with 61 human cases also reported by the CDC. Detection of influenza A H5 RNA in wastewater has been pr…
View article: High throughput wild type measles quantification in settled solids using digital RT-PCR v1
High throughput wild type measles quantification in settled solids using digital RT-PCR v1 Open
We developed and validated a hydrolysis probe-based RT-qPCR assay for specific detection of wild-type measles virus RNA in wastewater that eliminates cross-reactivity with vaccine strains. The wild type measles assay targets the 3′ region …
View article: West Nile Virus ( <i>Orthoflavivirus nilense</i> ) RNA concentrations in wastewater solids at five wastewater treatment plants in the United States
West Nile Virus ( <i>Orthoflavivirus nilense</i> ) RNA concentrations in wastewater solids at five wastewater treatment plants in the United States Open
Background Orthoflavivirus nilense , formerly known as West Nile Virus (WNV), has become endemic to the United States since its introduction in 1999. Current surveillance methods rely primarily on mosquito pool testing, which is both costl…
Wastewater concentrations of rotavirus RNA are associated with infection and vaccination metrics in the USA Open
Surveillance of rotavirus infections remains critical because vaccines are underutilized in the USA. Using wastewater solids measurements of rotavirus RNA collected over one year from 185 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the USA, we …
View article: Measles RNA detection in wastewater solids
Measles RNA detection in wastewater solids Open
Measles incidence has increased in recent years as vaccination rates have dropped globally. However, there are challenges in surveillance of measles; measles presents similarly to other diseases and can be misdiagnosed. The lag between inf…
View article: Community Infections Linked with Parvovirus B19 Genomic DNA in Wastewater, Texas, USA, 2023–2024
Community Infections Linked with Parvovirus B19 Genomic DNA in Wastewater, Texas, USA, 2023–2024 Open
We assessed concentrations of parvovirus B19 DNA from 2 wastewater treatment plants in a Texas, USA, county with a known outbreak in 2024. Wastewater viral concentrations correlated significantly with clinical cases, demonstrating wastewat…
Wastewater surveillance for avian influenza: national patterns of detection and relationship with reported outbreaks and infections Open
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, causing seasonal influenza in humans and infecting birds and some mammals. In 2024, IAV H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the United St…
View article: West Nile Virus ( <i>Orthoflavivirus nilense</i> ) RNA concentrations in wastewater solids at five wastewater treatment plants in the United States
West Nile Virus ( <i>Orthoflavivirus nilense</i> ) RNA concentrations in wastewater solids at five wastewater treatment plants in the United States Open
Background Orthoflavivirus nilense , formerly known as West Nile Virus (WNV), has become endemic to the United States since its introduction in 1999. It has caused an estimated 4.2 million infections since then, and nearly 3,000 deaths. Wh…
View article: Moving beyond Wastewater: Perspectives on Environmental Surveillance of Infectious Diseases for Public Health Action in Low-Resource Settings
Moving beyond Wastewater: Perspectives on Environmental Surveillance of Infectious Diseases for Public Health Action in Low-Resource Settings Open
Although testing wastewater for public health surveillance has recently received significant attention in the United States, researchers and public health professionals have long realized the tremendous promise of environmental surveillanc…
View article: Wastewater surveillance reveals patterns of antibiotic resistance across the United States
Wastewater surveillance reveals patterns of antibiotic resistance across the United States Open
Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health threat, with over 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections and 35,000 attributable deaths annually in the U.S. Clinical surveillance can miss asymptomatic carriage of antibiotic resistanc…
Evaluating the survival and removal of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from surfaces made with traditional and sustainable cement-based materials in field-relevant conditions Open
Soil household floors are common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and can serve as reservoirs of enteric pathogens. Cement-based floors may interrupt pathogen transmission, but little is known about pathogen survival or removal …
Systematic review and meta-analysis of enteric virus shedding in human excretions Open
Summary Background Wastewater-based epidemiology can inform the understanding of infectious disease occurrence in communities. Quantitative information on shedding of pathogen biomarkers in excretions that enter wastewater is needed to lin…
View article: Detection of mpox clade Ib nucleic-acids in wastewater solids at 147 wastewater treatment plants across the United States
Detection of mpox clade Ib nucleic-acids in wastewater solids at 147 wastewater treatment plants across the United States Open
We used a sensitive, specific PCR assay to detect mpox clade Ib DNA in over 3000 wastewater samples collected prospectively across the United States. Mpox clade Ib DNA was detected in one sample from a location with a confirmed case; it wa…
Investigating Cement-Based Surfaces as a Sustainable Flooring Solution to Improve <i>Ascaris</i> Egg Removal and Inactivation in Low-Resource Settings Open
Soil-transmitted helminths, like Ascaris , are significant contributors to disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Infections are associated with growth faltering and mortality in children and are often transmitted thro…
P-492. Quantification of HIV Shedding in Viremic Patients Open
Background Identifying pockets of undiagnosed HIV is a critical step in the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE). Wastewater-based epidemiology represents a novel way to build agnostic population-level data about disease distribution. We det…
309. Detection of hemagglutinin H5 influenza A virus sequence in municipal wastewater solids during an outbreak of avian influenza Open
Background Influenza is a significant cause of illness and death worldwide. Influenza A virus is responsible for all influenza epidemics, and some strains, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), have zoonotic reservoirs and pote…
Respiratory Virus Season Surveillance in the United States Using Wastewater Metrics, 2023–2024 Open
Wastewater measurements represent an entire contributing population and can be available within 24 h. Enhanced information about disease occurrence can improve population health through better timing of policies and interventions. We aimed…
View article: Detection of Hemagglutinin H5 influenza A virus RNA and model of potential inputs in an urban California sewershed
Detection of Hemagglutinin H5 influenza A virus RNA and model of potential inputs in an urban California sewershed Open
In 2024, the highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 caused outbreaks in wild birds, poultry, cows, and other mammals in the United States with 61 human cases also reported by the CDC. Detection of influenza A H5 RNA in wastewater has bee…
Wastewater for public health: timely, sensitive, and reliable SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant monitoring in California Open
Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1/BA.1.1 variant proportions align well with clinical surveillance-based proportions. In some California communities, wastewater-based estimates provided an early indicator of the spread of Omicron BA…