A. Manhard
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View article: Effect of ion energy and flux during deuterium plasma exposure of displacement-damaged tungsten
Effect of ion energy and flux during deuterium plasma exposure of displacement-damaged tungsten Open
A systematic investigation was carried out to study the effects of ion energy and flux during deuterium (D) exposure of self-ion damaged tungsten (W) at a sample temperature of 570 K. Experimental conditions included combinations of 5 and …
View article: Liquid Metal Droplet Ejection Through Bubble Formation Under Hydrogen Plasma and Radical Exposure
Liquid Metal Droplet Ejection Through Bubble Formation Under Hydrogen Plasma and Radical Exposure Open
Liquid tin constrained in a capillary porous structure could be an alternative plasma-facing component to tungsten for the divertor of a future magnetic confinement fusion reactor. However, due to the hydrogen–tin interaction droplets can …
View article: A versatile setup for hydrogen isotope permeation studies
A versatile setup for hydrogen isotope permeation studies Open
The Testbed for Analysis of Permeation of Atoms in Samples (TAPAS) is an experimental setup for ion-driven permeation studies with a focus on investigating wall materials for nuclear fusion devices. A monoenergetic, mass-filtered high-inte…
View article: Stabilization of liquid tin surfaces under D plasma irradiation by a capillary porous system
Stabilization of liquid tin surfaces under D plasma irradiation by a capillary porous system Open
Liquid metal divertors are discussed as a potential alternative to divertor components made entirely of solid materials such as tungsten. However, liquid metal interaction with H isotope plasmas poses entirely new challenges, including the…
View article: Design and GLADIS testing of a liquid tin divertor module prior to exposure in ASDEX Upgrade
Design and GLADIS testing of a liquid tin divertor module prior to exposure in ASDEX Upgrade Open
Using liquid metals confined in capillary porous structures (CPSs) as a plasma-facing component (PFC) could prolong the lifetime of the divertor in the high heat flux area. However, the high atomic number of tin (Sn) limits its acceptable …
View article: Performance of a liquid Sn divertor target during ASDEX upgrade L-mode and H-mode operation
Performance of a liquid Sn divertor target during ASDEX upgrade L-mode and H-mode operation Open
One of the ways to extend the lifetime of the divertor for DEMO could be to replace the solid tungsten plasma-facing components with liquid tin (Sn) confined in a tungsten capillary porous structure (CPS). Testing a CPS in a divertor plasm…
View article: Visualizing spatially inhomogeneous hydrogen isotope diffusion by hydrogenography
Visualizing spatially inhomogeneous hydrogen isotope diffusion by hydrogenography Open
We developed a novel, recently patented application of hydrogenography, i.e., the change of the optical properties of certain indicator materials (e.g., yttrium) when these are charged with hydrogen isotopes. By applying patterned, discont…
View article: Microstructural evolution of tungsten under thermal loads: A comparative study between cyclic high heat flux loading and isochronous furnace heating
Microstructural evolution of tungsten under thermal loads: A comparative study between cyclic high heat flux loading and isochronous furnace heating Open
Recrystallization is one of the most pronounced microstructural changes of tungsten when subjected to cyclic high heat flux (HHF) loads. In the framework of the European DEMO divertor development an intensive R&D; programme is being perfor…
View article: Investigation of ELM-related Larmor ion flux into toroidal gaps of divertor target plates
Investigation of ELM-related Larmor ion flux into toroidal gaps of divertor target plates Open
A detailed assessment of the thermo-mechanical limits of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) divertor with respect to potential excessive local transient heat loads due to edge localised modes (ELMs) has revealed a partic…
View article: Convolutional neural networks for the in-situ investigation of blistering on plasma-exposed metal surfaces
Convolutional neural networks for the in-situ investigation of blistering on plasma-exposed metal surfaces Open
The exposure of metal surfaces to energetic particles originating for example from a plasma can lead to the formation of blisters. These features are caused by hydrogen-filled gas bubbles near the surface and can influence the diffusion an…
View article: Addressing H-Material Interaction in Fast Diffusion Materials—A Feasibility Study on a Complex Phase Steel
Addressing H-Material Interaction in Fast Diffusion Materials—A Feasibility Study on a Complex Phase Steel Open
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is one of the main limitations in the use of advanced high-strength steels in the automotive industry. To have a better understanding of the interaction between hydrogen (H) and a complex phase steel, an in-situ…
View article: An SEM compatible plasma cell for <i>in situ</i> studies of hydrogen-material interaction
An SEM compatible plasma cell for <i>in situ</i> studies of hydrogen-material interaction Open
An in situ hydrogen (H) plasma charging and in situ observation method was developed to continuously charge materials, while tensile testing them inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The present work will introduce and validate the…
View article: Blisters formed by D plasma exposure in an electron-transparent tungsten sample
Blisters formed by D plasma exposure in an electron-transparent tungsten sample Open
By irradiating a tungsten sample for transmission electron microscopy with deuterium plasma at 230 K, we created a high density of blisters below the plasma-exposed surface. Blisters were even found in the electron-transparent region close…
View article: Deuterium retention behavior of pure and Y2O3-doped tungsten investigated by nuclear reaction analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy
Deuterium retention behavior of pure and Y2O3-doped tungsten investigated by nuclear reaction analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy Open
Pure and Y2O3-doped tungsten samples were simultaneously exposed to deuterium (D) plasma. The following exposure parameters were investigated: ion energy of 38 eV/D, sample temperatures of 370, 450 and 570 K, and incident fluences of 6 × 1…
View article: Recent progress in the understanding of H transport and trapping in W
Recent progress in the understanding of H transport and trapping in W Open
The retention of hydrogen isotopes (HIs) (H, D and T) in the first, plasma exposed wall is one of the key concerns for the operation of future long pulse fusion devices. It affects the particle-, momentum- and energy balance in the scrape …
View article: Measuring deuterium permeation through tungsten near room temperature under plasma loading using a getter layer and ion-beam based detection
Measuring deuterium permeation through tungsten near room temperature under plasma loading using a getter layer and ion-beam based detection Open
A method to measure deuterium permeation through tungsten near room temperature under plasma loading is presented. The permeating deuterium is accumulated in a getter layer of zirconium, titanium or erbium, respectively, on the unexposed s…
View article: Microstructure and defect analysis in the vicinity of blisters in polycrystalline tungsten
Microstructure and defect analysis in the vicinity of blisters in polycrystalline tungsten Open
Up to now, analyzing the production of dislocation-type defects in the subsurface region of plasma or ion-exposed tungsten samples has been hampered by the challenging production of suitable cross-section samples for transmission electron …
View article: Plasma-wall interaction of advanced materials
Plasma-wall interaction of advanced materials Open
DEMO is the name for the first stage prototype fusion reactor considered to be the next step after ITER. For the realization of fusion energy especially materials questions pose a significant challenge already today. Advanced materials sol…