Andrew J. Pollard
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View article: Public attitudes towards intranasal and ultrasound mediated vaccine delivery: A cross-sectional study in the United Kingdom and United States
Public attitudes towards intranasal and ultrasound mediated vaccine delivery: A cross-sectional study in the United Kingdom and United States Open
Ultrasound-mediated vaccination is preferred over both nasal spray and N&S, particularly among needle- and vaccine-hesitant individuals. Needle-free technologies hold promise for improving uptake while streamlining logistics. This approach…
View article: Pre-existing immunity levels are essential for expanding long-lived influenza-specific memory CD8 T-cells following vaccination 2634
Pre-existing immunity levels are essential for expanding long-lived influenza-specific memory CD8 T-cells following vaccination 2634 Open
Description Understanding the dynamics of human memory CD8 T cells in influenza immunity remains challenging. We investigated how pre-existing immunity influences memory T cell formation by administering the live attenuated influenza vacci…
View article: A statistical method for evaluating vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection against infection and disease progression: application to the ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 phase 3 trial
A statistical method for evaluating vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection against infection and disease progression: application to the ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 phase 3 trial Open
Integrated analysis of multiple disease outcomes and candidate CoPs enables the identification of CoPs that operate at different stages of disease progression, which are missed when evaluating outcomes separately.
View article: Machine learning-driven identification of serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine candidates using samples from human infection challenge studies
Machine learning-driven identification of serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine candidates using samples from human infection challenge studies Open
Identifying conserved, immunogenic proteins that confer protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation could enable development of serotype-independent vaccines. We analysed baseline samples from 86 healthy adults experimentally …
View article: A novel approach for estimating vaccine efficacy for infections with multiple outcomes: application to a COVID-19 vaccine trial
A novel approach for estimating vaccine efficacy for infections with multiple outcomes: application to a COVID-19 vaccine trial Open
Vaccines can provide protection against infection or limit disease severity. Vaccine efficacy (VE) is typically evaluated independently for different outcomes, but this does not provide insight into the mechanism of the protective effect a…
View article: Comparative Epidemiology of <i>Salmonella</i> Paratyphi A and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi Causing Enteric Fever, Bangladesh, 2018–2020
Comparative Epidemiology of <i>Salmonella</i> Paratyphi A and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi Causing Enteric Fever, Bangladesh, 2018–2020 Open
Enteric fever remains a public health challenge. We analyzed data from a cluster-randomized Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine trial to compare the epidemiology between Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A, which causes paratyphoid fe…
View article: WHO preferred product characteristics for bivalent Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A vaccine for comprehensive protection against enteric fever– key considerations and research gaps
WHO preferred product characteristics for bivalent Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A vaccine for comprehensive protection against enteric fever– key considerations and research gaps Open
In 2021, Salmonella Paratyphi A caused >2 million illnesses, resulting in >14,000 deaths, most of which occurred among children under 5 years of age in socioeconomically deprived populations. Both typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever occur …
View article: Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in children aged 6–17 years: Final results of a phase 2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (COV006)
Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in children aged 6–17 years: Final results of a phase 2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (COV006) Open
The study was funded by the Department of Health and Social Care, through the National Institute for Health Research, and AstraZeneca.
View article: Salmonella Typhi gut invasion drives hypoxic immune subsets associated with disease outcomes
Salmonella Typhi gut invasion drives hypoxic immune subsets associated with disease outcomes Open
Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid disease, remains a major public health concern. Owing to the human-restricted nature of S. Typhi, studies of typhoid pathogenesis in animal models are limited to a murine non-typh…
View article: Age differences in immunity to human seasonal coronaviruses and the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222)
Age differences in immunity to human seasonal coronaviruses and the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Open
The clinical trials COV002, COV003, COV004, and COV006 were made possible by funding from Astra Zeneca, the NIHR and the University of Oxford, UK Department of Health and Social Care, through the UK National Institute for Health and Care R…
View article: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthy volunteer motivations: a mixed-methods study of participants in plague vaccine trials in the UK and Uganda
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthy volunteer motivations: a mixed-methods study of participants in plague vaccine trials in the UK and Uganda Open
Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented interest and participation in vaccine trials globally, and a concurrent increase in vaccine hesitancy. Whether this impacted recruitment of healthy volunteers to subsequent non-COVID va…
View article: The waning of maternal measles antibodies: A multi-country maternal-infant seroprevalence study
The waning of maternal measles antibodies: A multi-country maternal-infant seroprevalence study Open
Reliance on maternal antibodies for protection until age 9 months or later leaves most infants with insufficient direct protection against measles infection between ages 6-9 months.
View article: Respiratory Viral Detection in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia During Periods of Major Population Disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018
Respiratory Viral Detection in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia During Periods of Major Population Disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018 Open
Background Respiratory viruses commonly cause pneumonia in children. We aimed to identify respiratory viral nucleic acids in the nasopharynx of children admitted with pneumonia from 2014 to 2018, a period including a major earthquake (Apri…
View article: Antibiotic use attributable to RSV infections during infancy—an international prospective birth cohort study
Antibiotic use attributable to RSV infections during infancy—an international prospective birth cohort study Open
Background Early-life antibiotic use impacts microbiome composition and contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Despite respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being a leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI), accura…
View article: Risk analysis for outpatient experimental infection as a pathway for affordable RSV vaccine development
Risk analysis for outpatient experimental infection as a pathway for affordable RSV vaccine development Open
Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are an important tool for accelerating clinical development of vaccines. CHIM costs are driven by quarantine facilities but may be reduced by performing CHIM in the outpatient setting. Furthermore,…
View article: The 2D Materials Roadmap
The 2D Materials Roadmap Open
Over the past two decades, 2D materials have rapidly evolved into a diverse and expanding family of material platforms. Many members of this materials class have demonstrated their potential to deliver transformative impact on fundamental …
View article: Leveraging paired serology to estimate the incidence of typhoidal<i>Salmonella</i>infection in the STRATAA study
Leveraging paired serology to estimate the incidence of typhoidal<i>Salmonella</i>infection in the STRATAA study Open
Serologic surveillance of at-risk populations can be used to directly estimate the incidence of typhoidal Salmonella infection across a variety of settings, including those without access to facility-based blood-culture surveillance. We co…
View article: Development and validation of the Oxford Benchmark Scale for Rating Vaccine Technologies (OBSRVT), a scale for assessing public attitudes to next-generation vaccine delivery technologies
Development and validation of the Oxford Benchmark Scale for Rating Vaccine Technologies (OBSRVT), a scale for assessing public attitudes to next-generation vaccine delivery technologies Open
Next-generation vaccine delivery technologies may provide significant gains from both a technical and behavioral standpoint, but no scale has yet been developed to assess public attitudes to novel vaccine delivery technologies. We therefor…
View article: Predicting trajectories of acute illness using RNA velocity of whole blood
Predicting trajectories of acute illness using RNA velocity of whole blood Open
Transcriptomic analyses reveal the status of cells, tissues, or organisms, across states of health and disease. RNA velocity adds a temporal dimension to single cell analyses, predicting future transcriptomic and phenotypic states, based o…
View article: Safety and humoral immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered as a fourth dose booster following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and a third dose of BNT162b2 (COV009): A prospective cohort study
Safety and humoral immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered as a fourth dose booster following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and a third dose of BNT162b2 (COV009): A prospective cohort study Open
The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 fourth dose is well tolerated and boosts humoral immunity; this was evident as an increased humoral response across multiple variants of concern. These data support its use as a booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
View article: A diagnostic host-specific transcriptome response for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia to guide pediatric patient treatment
A diagnostic host-specific transcriptome response for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia to guide pediatric patient treatment Open
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia in children and young adults. Its lack of a cell wall makes it resistant to beta-lactams, which are the first-line treatment for typical pneumonia. Current diagnostic tests are time-consuming…
View article: Typhoid toxin of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi elicits host antimicrobial response during acute typhoid fever
Typhoid toxin of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi elicits host antimicrobial response during acute typhoid fever Open
Summary Salmonella Typhi secretes typhoid toxin that activates cellular DNA damage responses (DDR) during acute typhoid fever. Human infection challenge studies revealed that the toxin suppresses bacteraemia via unknown mechanisms. Using q…
View article: Predictors of severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Brazil: Post hoc analyses of a randomised controlled trial
Predictors of severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Brazil: Post hoc analyses of a randomised controlled trial Open
NCT04536051.
View article: Data-driven Huntington’s disease progression modelling and estimation of societal cost in the UK
Data-driven Huntington’s disease progression modelling and estimation of societal cost in the UK Open
We develop a Huntington’s disease (HD) progression model and integrate this with a novel economic model, accounting for the major factors of the HD’s societal cost. Data from the Enroll-HD observational study were used to fit a continuous-…