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View article: The Hierarchical Dynamical State of Molecular Gas from 3 to 300 pc in NGC 253
The Hierarchical Dynamical State of Molecular Gas from 3 to 300 pc in NGC 253 Open
Understanding how the dynamical state of the interstellar medium (ISM) changes across spatial scales can provide important insights into how the gas is organized and ultimately collapses to form stars. To this end, we present ALMA 12 CO(2–…
View article: Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA (SWAN)
Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA (SWAN) Open
Context. CO isotopologues are common tracers of the bulk molecular gas in extragalactic studies, providing insights into the physical and chemical conditions of the cold molecular gas, a reservoir for star formation. Aims. Since star forma…
View article: The SWAN view of dense gas in the Whirlpool. A cloud-scale comparison of N2H+, HCO+, HNC, and HCN emission in M51
The SWAN view of dense gas in the Whirlpool. A cloud-scale comparison of N2H+, HCO+, HNC, and HCN emission in M51 Open
Tracing dense molecular gas, the fuel for star formation, is essential for understanding the evolution of molecular clouds and star-formation processes. We compared the emission of HCN (1-0), HNC (1-0), and with the emission of at cloud sc…
View article: Azimuthal offsets in spiral arms of nearby galaxies
Azimuthal offsets in spiral arms of nearby galaxies Open
Spiral arms play a central role in disc galaxies, but their dynamical nature remains a long-standing open question. Azimuthal offsets between molecular gas and star formation are expected if gas crosses spiral arms, as predicted by quasi-s…
View article: Constraining Resolved Extragalactic <i>R</i> <sub>21</sub> Variation with Well-calibrated ALMA Observations
Constraining Resolved Extragalactic <i>R</i> <sub>21</sub> Variation with Well-calibrated ALMA Observations Open
CO(1–0) and CO(2–1) are commonly used as bulk molecular gas tracers. The CO line ratios (especially CO(2–1)/CO(1–0)– R 21 ) vary within and among galaxies, yet previous studies on R 21 and alike often rely on measurements constructed by co…
View article: Reconciling extragalactic star formation efficiencies with theory: Insights from PHANGS
Reconciling extragalactic star formation efficiencies with theory: Insights from PHANGS Open
New extragalactic measurements of the cloud population-averaged star formation efficiency per free-fall time, ϵ ff , from PHANGS show little sign of a theoretically predicted dependence on the gas virial level and weak variation with cloud…
View article: Constraining resolved extragalactic $R_{21}$ variation with well calibrated ALMA observations
Constraining resolved extragalactic $R_{21}$ variation with well calibrated ALMA observations Open
CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) are commonly used as bulk molecular gas tracers. The CO line ratios (especially CO(2-1)/CO(1-0) - $R_{21}$) vary within and among galaxies, yet previous studies on $R_{21}$ and alike often rely on measurements construct…
View article: Cloud-scale Gas Properties, Depletion Times, and Star Formation Efficiency per Freefall Time in PHANGS–ALMA
Cloud-scale Gas Properties, Depletion Times, and Star Formation Efficiency per Freefall Time in PHANGS–ALMA Open
We compare measurements of star formation efficiency to cloud-scale gas properties across the PHANGS– ALMA sample. Dividing 67 galaxies into 1.5 kpc scale regions, we calculate the molecular gas depletion time and the s…
View article: Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA (SWAN)
Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA (SWAN) Open
We present Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA (SWAN), a high-resolution, high-sensitivity survey to map molecular lines in the 3 mm band in M51 (the Whirlpool galaxy). SWAN has obtained the largest high-sensitivity map (∼5 × …
View article: Application of Resolved Low-<i>J</i> Multi-CO Line Modeling with RADEX to Constrain the Molecular Gas Properties in the Starburst M82
Application of Resolved Low-<i>J</i> Multi-CO Line Modeling with RADEX to Constrain the Molecular Gas Properties in the Starburst M82 Open
The distribution and physical conditions of molecular gas are closely linked to star formation and the subsequent evolution of galaxies. Emission from carbon monoxide (CO) and its isotopologues traces the bulk of molecular gas and provides…
View article: Application of resolved low-J multi-CO line modeling with RADEX to constrain the molecular gas properties in the starburst M82
Application of resolved low-J multi-CO line modeling with RADEX to constrain the molecular gas properties in the starburst M82 Open
The distribution and physical conditions of molecular gas are closely linked to star formation and the subsequent evolution of galaxies. Emission from carbon monoxide (CO) and its isotopologues traces the bulk of molecular gas and provides…
View article: The PHANGS-HST-H<i>α</i> Survey: Warm Ionized Gas Physics at High Angular Resolution in Nearby Galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope
The PHANGS-HST-H<i>α</i> Survey: Warm Ionized Gas Physics at High Angular Resolution in Nearby Galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope Open
The PHANGS project is assembling a comprehensive, multiwavelength data set of nearby (∼5–20 Mpc), massive star-forming galaxies to enable multiphase, multiscale investigations into the processes that drive star formation and galaxy evoluti…
View article: Cloud-scale gas properties, depletion times, and star formation efficiency per free-fall time in PHANGS--ALMA
Cloud-scale gas properties, depletion times, and star formation efficiency per free-fall time in PHANGS--ALMA Open
We compare measurements of star formation efficiency to cloud-scale gas properties across PHANGS-ALMA. Dividing 67 galaxies into 1.5 kpc scale regions, we calculate the molecular gas depletion time, tau_dep= Sigma_mol/Sigma_SFR, and the st…
View article: Dense gas scaling relations at kiloparsec scales across nearby galaxies with the ALMA ALMOND and IRAM 30 m EMPIRE surveys
Dense gas scaling relations at kiloparsec scales across nearby galaxies with the ALMA ALMOND and IRAM 30 m EMPIRE surveys Open
Dense, cold gas is the key ingredient for star formation. Over the last two decades, HCN(1 − 0) emission has been the most accessible dense gas tracer for studying external galaxies. We present new measurements that demonstrate the relatio…
View article: Dense gas scaling relations at kiloparsec scales across nearby galaxies with the ALMA ALMOND and IRAM 30m EMPIRE surveys
Dense gas scaling relations at kiloparsec scales across nearby galaxies with the ALMA ALMOND and IRAM 30m EMPIRE surveys Open
Dense, cold gas is the key ingredient for star formation. Over the last two decades, HCN(1-0) emission has been utilised as the most accessible dense gas tracer to study external galaxies. We present new measurements tracing the relationsh…
View article: CO Isotopologue-derived Molecular Gas Conditions and CO-to-H<sub>2</sub> Conversion Factors in M51
CO Isotopologue-derived Molecular Gas Conditions and CO-to-H<sub>2</sub> Conversion Factors in M51 Open
Over the past decade, several millimeter interferometer programs have mapped the nearby star-forming galaxy M51 at a spatial resolution of ≤170 pc. This study combines observations from three major programs: the PdBI Arcsecond Whirlpool Su…
View article: CO isotopologue-derived molecular gas conditions and CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factors in M51
CO isotopologue-derived molecular gas conditions and CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factors in M51 Open
Over the past decade, several millimeter interferometer programs have mapped the nearby star-forming galaxy M51 at a spatial resolution of ${\le}170$ pc. This study combines observations from three major programs: the PdBI Arcsecond Whirlp…
View article: The properties and kinematics of HCN emission across the closest starburst galaxy NGC 253 observed with ALMA
The properties and kinematics of HCN emission across the closest starburst galaxy NGC 253 observed with ALMA Open
Context. Investigating molecular gas tracers, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), to probe higher densities than CO emission across nearby galaxies remains challenging. This is due to the large observing times required to detect HCN at a high …
View article: A 260 pc resolution ALMA map of HCN(1–0) in the galaxy NGC 4321
A 260 pc resolution ALMA map of HCN(1–0) in the galaxy NGC 4321 Open
The property of star formation rate (SFR) is tightly connected to the amount of dense gas in molecular clouds. However, it is not fully understood how the relationship between dense molecular gas and star formation varies within galaxies a…
View article: PHANGS-MeerKAT and MHONGOOSE HI observations of nearby spiral galaxies: Physical drivers of the molecular gas fraction, <i>R</i><sub>mol</sub>
PHANGS-MeerKAT and MHONGOOSE HI observations of nearby spiral galaxies: Physical drivers of the molecular gas fraction, <i>R</i><sub>mol</sub> Open
The molecular-to-atomic gas ratio is crucial to our understanding of the evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies. We investigated the balance between the atomic (Σ HI ) and molecular gas (Σ H2 ) surface densities in eight ne…
View article: Deciphering the imprint of active galactic nucleus feedback in Seyfert galaxies
Deciphering the imprint of active galactic nucleus feedback in Seyfert galaxies Open
We study the distribution of cold molecular gas in the circumunuclear disks (CND; r ≤ 200 pc) of a sample of 64 nearby ( D L = 7 − 45 Mpc) disk galaxies – including 45 active galactic nuclei (AGN) and 19 nonAGN – for which high-spatial-res…
View article: PHANGS-MeerKAT and MHONGOOSE HI observations of nearby spiral galaxies: physical drivers of the molecular gas fraction, $R_{\mathrm{mol}}$
PHANGS-MeerKAT and MHONGOOSE HI observations of nearby spiral galaxies: physical drivers of the molecular gas fraction, $R_{\mathrm{mol}}$ Open
The molecular-to-atomic gas ratio is crucial to the evolution of the interstellar medium in galaxies. We investigate the balance between the atomic ($Σ_{\rm HI}$) and molecular gas ($Σ_{\rm H2}$) surface densities in eight nearby star-form…
View article: PHANGS-JWST: Data-processing Pipeline and First Full Public Data Release
PHANGS-JWST: Data-processing Pipeline and First Full Public Data Release Open
The exquisite angular resolution and sensitivity of JWST are opening a new window for our understanding of the Universe. In nearby galaxies, JWST observations are revolutionizing our understanding of the first phases of star formation and …
View article: Deciphering the imprint of AGN feedback in Seyfert galaxies: Nuclear-scale molecular gas deficits
Deciphering the imprint of AGN feedback in Seyfert galaxies: Nuclear-scale molecular gas deficits Open
We use a sample of 64 nearby (D=7-45 Mpc) disk galaxies including 45 AGN and 19 non-AGN, that have high spatial resolution multiline CO observations obtained with the ALMA and/or PdBI arrays to study the distribution of cold molecular gas …
View article: A 260 pc resolution ALMA map of HCN(1-0) in the galaxy NGC 4321
A 260 pc resolution ALMA map of HCN(1-0) in the galaxy NGC 4321 Open
The star formation rate (SFR) is tightly connected to the amount of dense gas in molecular clouds. However, it is not fully understood how the relationship between dense molecular gas and star formation varies within galaxies and in differ…
View article: Do spiral arms enhance star formation efficiency?
Do spiral arms enhance star formation efficiency? Open
Spiral arms, as those of our own Milky Way, are some of the most spectacular features in disc galaxies. It has been argued that star formation should proceed more efficiently in spiral arms as a result of gas compression. Yet, observationa…
View article: Do spiral arms enhance star formation efficiency?
Do spiral arms enhance star formation efficiency? Open
Spiral arms are some of the most spectacular features in disc galaxies, and also present in our own Milky Way. It has been argued that star formation should proceed more efficiently in spiral arms as a result of gas compression. Yet, obser…
View article: The properties and kinematics of HCN emission across the closest starburst galaxy NGC 253 observed with ALMA
The properties and kinematics of HCN emission across the closest starburst galaxy NGC 253 observed with ALMA Open
Studying molecular gas in nearby galaxies using hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as a tracer for higher densities than CO emission still poses a significant challenge. Even though several galaxies have HCN maps on a few kpc scales, higher-resolution…
View article: PHANGS-JWST: Data Processing Pipeline and First Full Public Data Release
PHANGS-JWST: Data Processing Pipeline and First Full Public Data Release Open
The exquisite angular resolution and sensitivity of JWST is opening a new window for our understanding of the Universe. In nearby galaxies, JWST observations are revolutionizing our understanding of the first phases of star formation and t…
View article: DENSE GAS FRACTION AND STAR FORMATION EFFICIENCY VARIATIONS IN THE ANTENNAE GALAXIES
DENSE GAS FRACTION AND STAR FORMATION EFFICIENCY VARIATIONS IN THE ANTENNAE GALAXIES Open
We use the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) millimeter interferometer to map the Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038/39), tracing the bulk of the molecular gas via the 12CO(1-0) line and denser molecular gas via the…