Explanipedia

The Gamma-Ray Emission from Radio Galaxies and Their Contribution to the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Background Open

Antonio Circiello, Alex McDaniel, Mattia Di Mauro, Christopher M. Karwin, Nikita S. Khatiya , et al. · 2025

We evaluate the contribution to the isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB) coming from radio galaxies (RGs), the subclass of radio-loud active galactic nuclei with the highest misalignment from the line of sight. Since only a small number o…

A Systematic Search for MeV–GeV Pulsar Wind Nebulae without Gamma-Ray Detected Pulsars Open

A. Acharyya, Alessandro Adelfio, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet , et al. · 2025

An increasing number of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are being identified in the TeV band by ground-based Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes such that they constitute the dominant source class of Galactic TeV emitters. However, MeV–GeV PWN cou…

Implementation of CR Energy SPectrum (CRESP) algorithm in PIERNIK MHD code. II. Propagation of Primary and Secondary nuclei in a magneto-hydrodynamical environment Open

Antoine Baldacchino-Jordan, M. Hanasz, Mateusz Ogrodnik, D. Wóltański, A. Gawryszczak , et al. · 2025

We developed a new model for the production and propagation of spectrally resolved primary and secondary Cosmic Ray (CR) nuclei elements within the framework of the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum (CRESP) module of the PIERNIK MHD code. We exte…

<i>eROSITA</i> X-ray analysis of the PeVatron candidate Westerlund 1 Open

Kinga Haubner, M. Sasaki, Alison Mitchell, G. Ponti, Gavin Rowell , et al. · 2025

Context. It is still unclear which fraction of cosmic rays above an energy of 1 PeV is accelerated by the observed Galactic PeVatron population. These sources of unknown physical origin are detected through their γ -ray emission, which als…

eROSITA X-ray Analysis of the PeVatron Candidate Westerlund 1 Open

Kinga Haubner, M. Sasaki, Alison Mitchell, G. Ponti, Gavin Rowell , et al. · 2025

It is unclear which fraction of cosmic rays above an energy of 1 PeV is accelerated by the observed Galactic PeVatron population. These sources' gamma-ray data is typically degenerate between hadronic and leptonic emission scenarios, which…

A magnetised Galactic halo from inner Galaxy outflows Open

H. Y. Zhang, G. Ponti, E. Carretti, Ruo-Yu Liu, M. Morris , et al. · 2024

Magnetic halos of galaxies are crucial for understanding galaxy evolution, galactic-scale outflows, and feedback from star formation activity. Identifying the magnetised halo of the Milky Way is challenging because of the potential contami…

eROSITA narrowband maps at the energies of soft X-ray emission lines Open

Xueying Zheng, G. Ponti, Nicola Locatelli, J. S. Sanders, A. Merloni , et al. · 2024

Hot plasma plays a crucial role in regulating the baryon cycle within the Milky Way, flowing from the energetic sources in the Galactic center and plane, to the corona and the halo. This hot plasma represents an important fraction of the G…

Morphological Evidence for the eROSITA Bubbles Being Giant and Distant Structures Open

Teng Liu, A. Merloni, J. S. Sanders, G. Ponti, A. W. Strong , et al. · 2024

There are two contradictory views of the eROSITA bubbles: either a 10 4 pc scale pair of giant bubbles blown by the Galactic center (GC), or a 10 2 pc scale local structure coincidentally located in the direction of GC. A key element of th…

eDIG-CHANGES. II. Project Design and Initial Results on NGC 3556 Open

Jiangtao Li, Li-Yuan Lu, Zhijie Qu, Robert A. Benjamin, Joel N. Bregman , et al. · 2024

The extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) represents ionized gases traced by optical/UV lines beyond the stellar extent of galaxies. We herein introduce a novel multislit narrow-band spectroscopy method to conduct spatially resolved spect…

CHANG-ES XXXI—A Decade of CHANG-ES: What We Have Learned from Radio Observations of Edge-on Galaxies Open

J. Irwin, R. Beck, Tanden Cook, R.‐J. Dettmar, Jayanne English , et al. · 2024

CHANG-ES (Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies—an EVLA Survey) is an ambitious project to target 35 nearby disk galaxies that are edge-on to the line of sight. The orientation permits both the disk and halo regions to be studied. The observa…

eDIG-CHANGES II: Project Design and Initial Results on NGC 3556 Open

Jiangtao Li, Li-Yuan Lu, Zhijie Qu, Robert A. Benjamin, Joel N. Bregman , et al. · 2024

The extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) represents ionized gases traced by optical/UV lines beyond the stellar extent of galaxies. We herein introduce a novel multi-slit narrow-band spectroscopy method to conduct spatially resolved spec…

Compact white dwarf binaries in the combined SRG/eROSITA/SDSS eFEDS survey Open

A. Schwope, J. Kurpas, P. Baecke, K. Knauff, L. Stütz , et al. · 2024

Context. X-ray surveys combined with optical follow-up observations are used to generate complete flux-limited samples of the main X-ray emitting source classes. eROSITA on the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission provides sufficient sensitivit…

NEW CALCULATION OF RADIOACTIVE SECONDARIES IN COSMIC RAYS Open

I. V. Moskalenko, S. G. Mashnik, A. W. Strong · 2024

We use a new version of our numerical model for particle propagation in the Galaxy to study radioactive secondaries. For evaluation of the production cross sections we use the Los Alamos compilation of all available experimental cross sect…

The eROSITA upper limits Open

D. Tubín-Arenas, M. Krumpe, G. Lamer, Jonas Haase, J. S. Sanders , et al. · 2024

Context . The soft X-ray instrument eROSITA on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory has successfully completed four of the eight planned all-sky surveys, detecting almost one million X-ray sources during the first survey (eR…

eROSITA studies of the Carina nebula Open

M. Sasaki, J. Robrade, M. Krause, Jonathan Knies, Kisetsu Tsuge , et al. · 2023

Context . During the first four all-sky surveys eRASS:4, which was carried out from December 2019 to 2021, the extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (Spektr-RG, SRG) observe…

eROSITA studies of the Carina Nebula Open

M. Sasaki, J. Robrade, M. Krause, Jonathan Knies, Kisetsu Tsuge , et al. · 2023

During the first four all-sky surveys eRASS:4 carried out from December 2019 to 2021, the extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (Spektr-RG, SRG) observed the Galactic HII region…

Shirley Kate Strong MBE 17 May 1930–21 August 2023 Open

A. W. Strong, Paul Bennett, Susan Walker · 2023

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How accurate are our models of production and propagation of secondary cosmic-ray antiprotons? Open

T. Poeschl, L. Fabbietti, L. Šerkšnytė, A. W. Strong · 2023

Cosmic-ray antinuclei are particular informative probes of high-energy processes in the Galaxy and can hint at exotic sources of energetic particles, such as dark-matter annihilation. Antinuclei are expected to be produced at a low level i…

A New Component from the Quiet Sun: Synchrotron Radiation from Galactic Cosmic Rays from Radio to Gamma Open

E. Orlando, V. Petrosian, A. W. Strong · 2023

The quiet Sun, i.e. in its non-flaring state or non-flaring regions, produces non-thermal radiation observed in gamma rays due to interactions of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) with the solar gas and photons.Here, we report our very recent stu…

SRG/eROSITA X-ray shadowing study of giant molecular clouds Open

Michael C. H. Yeung, M. J. Freyberg, G. Ponti, K. Dennerl, M. Sasaki , et al. · 2023

Context. SRG/eROSITA is situated in a halo orbit around L2 where the highly variable solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) emission from Earth’s magnetosheath is expected to be negligible. The soft X-ray foreground emissions from the local hot…

Detecting Fermi LAT Gamma-ray Sources with Neural Networks Open

Diana Horangic, E. Orlando, A. W. Strong, Saptashwa Bhattacharyya · 2023

The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has been in orbit of Earth since 2008 collecting gamma rays. One challenge in analyzing LAT data is detecting sources and knowing the various classes of gamma-ray sources and how many there are. Neural …

Abundance and temperature of the outer hot circumgalactic medium Open

G. Ponti, Xueying Zheng, Nicola Locatelli, S. Bianchi, Y. Zhang , et al. · 2023

Context. Despite their vital importance to understanding galaxy evolution and our own Galactic ecosystem, our knowledge of the physical properties of the hot X-ray emitting phase of the Milky Way is still inadequate. However, sensitive SRG…

A New Component from the Quiet Sun from Radio to Gamma Rays: Synchrotron Radiation by Galactic Cosmic-Ray Electrons Open

E. Orlando, V. Petrosian, A. W. Strong · 2023

The quiet Sun, i.e., in its nonflaring state or nonflaring regions, emits thermal radiation from radio to ultraviolet. The quiet Sun also produces nonthermal radiation observed in gamma rays due to interactions of Galactic cosmic rays (GCR…

Transport of Cosmic-Ray Electrons from 1 au to the Sun Open

V. Petrosian, E. Orlando, A. W. Strong · 2023

Gamma rays are produced by cosmic-ray (CR) protons interacting with the particles at the solar photosphere and by CR electrons and positrons (CRes) via inverse Compton scattering of solar photons. The former comes from the solar disk while…

CHANG-ES Open

M. Stein, V. Heesen, R.‐J. Dettmar, Y. Stein, M. Brüggen , et al. · 2022

Context. Galactic winds play a key role in regulating the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time. In recent years, the role of cosmic rays (CRs) in the formation of the galactic wind has increasingly gained attention. Therefore, we use rad…

Transport of Cosmic ray electrons from 1 AU to the Sun Open

V. Petrosian, E. Orlando, A. W. Strong · 2022

Gamma rays are produced by cosmic ray (CR) protons interacting with the particles at solar photosphere and by cosmic ray electrons and positrons (CRes) via inverse Compton scattering of solar photons. The former come from the solar disk wh…

A New Component from the Quiet Sun: Synchrotron Radiation from Galactic Cosmic-Ray Electrons Open

E. Orlando, V. Petrosian, A. W. Strong · 2022

The quiet Sun, i.e. in its non-flaring state or non-flaring regions, emits thermal radiation from radio to ultraviolet. The quiet Sun produces also non-thermal radiation observed in gamma rays due to interactions of Galactic Cosmic Rays (G…

Health and Social Care Reform in Scotland: What Next? Open

Anne Hendry, Maimie Thompson, Peter Knight, Eleanor McCallum, Alison Taylor , et al. · 2022

The International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles in the field of integrated care on a continuous basis.IJIC has an Impact Factor of 2.913 (2021…

Gas and Cosmic-Ray Properties in the MBM 53, 54, and 55 Molecular Clouds and the Pegasus Loops Revealed by H i Line Profiles, Dust, and Gamma-Ray Data Open

Tsunefumi Mizuno, Katsuhiro Hayashi, J. Metzger, I. V. Moskalenko, E. Orlando , et al. · 2022

In studying the interstellar medium (ISM) and Galactic cosmic rays (CRs), uncertainty of the interstellar gas density has always been an issue. To overcome this difficulty, we used a component decomposition of the 21 cm H i emission line a…

Exploring the MeV sky with a combined coded mask and Compton telescope: the Galactic Explorer with a Coded aperture mask Compton telescope (GECCO) Open

E. Orlando, E. Bottacini, A.M. Moïseev, A. Bodaghee, W. Collmar , et al. · 2022

The sky at MeV energies is currently poorly explored. Here we present an innovative mission concept that builds upon the heritage of past and current missions improving the sensitivity and, very importantly, the angular resolution. This co…

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