Adam R. Ward
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View article: No evidence that circulating HIV-specific immune responses contribute to persistent inflammation and immune activation in persons on long-term ART
No evidence that circulating HIV-specific immune responses contribute to persistent inflammation and immune activation in persons on long-term ART Open
OBJECTIVE: People with HIV (PWH) have persistently elevated levels of inflammation and immune activation despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), with specific biomarkers showing associations with non-AIDS-defining morbidities and…
View article: The latency reversing agent HODHBt synergizes with IL-15 to enhance cytotoxic function of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells
The latency reversing agent HODHBt synergizes with IL-15 to enhance cytotoxic function of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells Open
IL-15 is under clinical investigation toward the goal of curing HIV infection because of its abilities to reverse HIV latency and enhance immune effector function. However, increased potency through combination with other agents may be nee…
View article: Q4ddPCR (May the Fourth Be Precise): A Flexible, 4-Target Assay for High-Resolution HIV Reservoir Profiling
Q4ddPCR (May the Fourth Be Precise): A Flexible, 4-Target Assay for High-Resolution HIV Reservoir Profiling Open
Precise and scalable quantification of the genetically intact HIV reservoir is critical for advancing curative strategies. However, current HIV reservoir assays such as the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) are limited by quantification fai…
View article: Biological sex and age influence GS-9620 activity ex vivo
Biological sex and age influence GS-9620 activity ex vivo Open
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are being explored to enhance immunity in HIV cure strategies. The TLR7 agonist GS-9620 promotes immune activation, reactivates latent HIV, and delays viral rebound in some people with HIV. Previous work has show…
View article: EZH2 inhibition mitigates HIV immune evasion, reduces reservoir formation, and promotes skewing of CD8+ T cells toward less-exhausted phenotypes
EZH2 inhibition mitigates HIV immune evasion, reduces reservoir formation, and promotes skewing of CD8+ T cells toward less-exhausted phenotypes Open
Persistent HIV reservoirs in CD4+ T cells pose a barrier to curing HIV infection. We identify overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in HIV-infected CD4+ T cells that survive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)…
View article: Analysis of Memory Antibody Responses in Individuals with Zika-Associated Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Analysis of Memory Antibody Responses in Individuals with Zika-Associated Guillain–Barré Syndrome Open
The Zika virus (ZIKV) was responsible for a major outbreak in 2015 in the Americas. Infections were associated with increased cases of microcephaly in infants and Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) in adults. Our group previously demonstrated t…
View article: The EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat mitigates HIV immune evasion, reduces reservoir formation, and promotes durable CD8⁺ T-cell revitalization
The EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat mitigates HIV immune evasion, reduces reservoir formation, and promotes durable CD8⁺ T-cell revitalization Open
Persistent HIV reservoirs in CD4⁺ T-cells pose a barrier to curing HIV infection. We identified overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in HIV-infected CD4⁺ T- cells that survive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) exposure, suggesti…
View article: Aminobisphosphonates reactivate the latent reservoir in people living with HIV-1
Aminobisphosphonates reactivate the latent reservoir in people living with HIV-1 Open
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not curative due to the existence of cellular reservoirs of latent HIV-1 that persist during therapy. Current research efforts to cure HIV-1 infection include “shock and kill” strategies to disrupt latency u…
View article: The latency-reversing agent HODHBt synergizes with IL-15 to enhance cytotoxic function of HIV-specific T cells
The latency-reversing agent HODHBt synergizes with IL-15 to enhance cytotoxic function of HIV-specific T cells Open
IL-15 is under clinical investigation toward the goal of curing HIV infection because of its abilities to reverse HIV latency and enhance immune effector function. However, increased potency through combination with other agents may be nee…
View article: Aminobisphosphonates reactivate the latent reservoir in people living with HIV-1
Aminobisphosphonates reactivate the latent reservoir in people living with HIV-1 Open
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not curative due to the existence of cellular reservoirs of latent HIV-1 that persist during therapy. Current research efforts to cure HIV-1 infection include “shock and kill” strategies to disrupt latency u…
View article: OP 4.6 – 00185 No associations between magnitudes of HIV-specific CTL responses on stable art and subsequent decay of intact proviruses or cell-associated HIV mRNA
OP 4.6 – 00185 No associations between magnitudes of HIV-specific CTL responses on stable art and subsequent decay of intact proviruses or cell-associated HIV mRNA Open
View article: Administration of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies at ART initiation maintains long-term CD8+ T cell immunity
Administration of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies at ART initiation maintains long-term CD8+ T cell immunity Open
View article: Early intervention with 3BNC117 and romidepsin at antiretroviral treatment initiation in people with HIV-1: a phase 1b/2a, randomized trial
Early intervention with 3BNC117 and romidepsin at antiretroviral treatment initiation in people with HIV-1: a phase 1b/2a, randomized trial Open
View article: SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes latent HIV to Nef-specific CD8+ T-cells
SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes latent HIV to Nef-specific CD8+ T-cells Open
View article: No evidence that circulating HIV-specific immune responses contribute to persistent inflammation and immune activation in persons on long-term ART
No evidence that circulating HIV-specific immune responses contribute to persistent inflammation and immune activation in persons on long-term ART Open
Objective: People with HIV (PWH) have persistently elevated levels of inflammation and immune activation despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), with specific biomarkers showing associations with non-AIDS-defining morbidities and…
View article: SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes latent HIV to Nef-specific CD8+ T-cells
SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes latent HIV to Nef-specific CD8+ T-cells Open
Efforts to cure HIV have focused on reactivating latent proviruses to enable elimination by CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. Clinical studies of latency reversing agents (LRA) in individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shown incr…
View article: Abundance of Nef and p-Tau217 in Brains of Individuals Diagnosed with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Correlate with Disease Severance
Abundance of Nef and p-Tau217 in Brains of Individuals Diagnosed with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Correlate with Disease Severance Open
View article: No Evidence that Ongoing HIV-Specific Immune Responses Contribute to Persistent Inflammation and Immune Activation in Persons on Long-Term ART
No Evidence that Ongoing HIV-Specific Immune Responses Contribute to Persistent Inflammation and Immune Activation in Persons on Long-Term ART Open
Background People with HIV (PWH) have persistently elevated levels of inflammation and immune activation despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), with specific biomarkers showing associations with non-AIDS-defining morbidities and…
View article: Characterizing the Relationship Between Neutralization Sensitivity and env Gene Diversity During ART Suppression
Characterizing the Relationship Between Neutralization Sensitivity and env Gene Diversity During ART Suppression Open
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) successfully suppresses HIV-1 replication, ART-treated individuals must maintain therapy to avoid rebound from an integrated viral reservoir. Strategies to limit or clear this reservoir are urgently ne…
View article: Abundance of Nef and p-Tau217 in brains of individuals diagnosed with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders correlate with disease severance
Abundance of Nef and p-Tau217 in brains of individuals diagnosed with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders correlate with disease severance Open
HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND) is a term used to describe a variety of neurological impairments observed in HIV-infected individuals. The pathogenic mechanisms of HAND and its connection to HIV infection remain unknown. The b…
View article: A participant-derived xenograft model of HIV enables long-term evaluation of autologous immunotherapies
A participant-derived xenograft model of HIV enables long-term evaluation of autologous immunotherapies Open
HIV-specific CD8+ T cells partially control viral replication and delay disease progression, but they rarely provide lasting protection, largely due to immune escape. Here, we show that engrafting mice with memory CD4+ T cells from HIV+ do…
View article: Selective BCL-X <sub>L</sub> Antagonists Eliminate Infected Cells from a Primary-Cell Model of HIV Latency but Not from <i>Ex Vivo</i> Reservoirs
Selective BCL-X <sub>L</sub> Antagonists Eliminate Infected Cells from a Primary-Cell Model of HIV Latency but Not from <i>Ex Vivo</i> Reservoirs Open
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition, there is no safe or scalable cure. HIV persists in “reservoirs” of infected cells that reinitiate disease progression if ART is interr…
View article: The Intact Noninducible Latent HIV-1 Reservoir Is Established in an <i>In Vitro</i> Primary T <sub>CM</sub> Cell Model of Latency
The Intact Noninducible Latent HIV-1 Reservoir Is Established in an <i>In Vitro</i> Primary T <sub>CM</sub> Cell Model of Latency Open
HIV-1 establishes a latent reservoir that persists under antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy is able to stop the spread of the virus and the progression of the disease but does not target this latent reservoir.
View article: HIV-specific T cell responses reflect substantive in vivo interactions with antigen despite long-term therapy
HIV-specific T cell responses reflect substantive in vivo interactions with antigen despite long-term therapy Open
Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) abrogate HIV replication; however, infection persists as long-lived reservoirs of infected cells with integrated proviruses, which reseed replication if ART is interrupted. A central tenet of our current und…
View article: Selective BCL-X<sub>L</sub> Antagonists Eliminate Infected Cells from a Primary Cell Model of HIV Latency but not from <i>Ex Vivo</i> Reservoirs
Selective BCL-X<sub>L</sub> Antagonists Eliminate Infected Cells from a Primary Cell Model of HIV Latency but not from <i>Ex Vivo</i> Reservoirs Open
HIV persists, despite antiviral immune responses and effective antiretroviral therapy, in viral reservoirs that seed rebound viremia if therapy is interrupted. Previously, we showed that the BCL-2 protein contributes to HIV persistence by …
View article: p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Promotes Cholesterol Ester Accumulation in Macrophages through Inhibition of Macroautophagy
p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Promotes Cholesterol Ester Accumulation in Macrophages through Inhibition of Macroautophagy Open
p38 MAPK has been strongly implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, but its role in cholesterol ester accumulation in macrophages and formation of foam cells, an early step in the development of atherosclerosis, has not been inves…
View article: Relationships between Neutralization, Binding, and ADCC of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against Reservoir HIV
Relationships between Neutralization, Binding, and ADCC of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against Reservoir HIV Open
HIV-specific antibodies (Abs) may contribute to the elimination of HIV reservoirs by binding to reactivated cells and targeting them for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) (1, 2). Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) m…
View article: Immunological approaches to HIV cure
Immunological approaches to HIV cure Open
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has proven remarkably successful - for those who can access and afford it - yet HIV infection persists indefinitely in a reservoir of cells, des…
View article: HIV-specific T-cell responses reflect substantive in vivo interactions with infected cells despite long-term therapy
HIV-specific T-cell responses reflect substantive in vivo interactions with infected cells despite long-term therapy Open
Antiretroviral therapies (ART) durably suppress HIV replication to undetectable levels – however, infection persists in the form of long-lived reservoirs of infected cells with integrated proviruses, that re-seed systemic replication if AR…
View article: 4308 DEEP-PRIMED IL-15 SUPERAGONIST IMPROVES ANTIVIRAL EFFICACY OF HIV-SPECIFIC CD8<sup>+</sup> T-CELLS IN HUMANIZED MOUSE MODEL
4308 DEEP-PRIMED IL-15 SUPERAGONIST IMPROVES ANTIVIRAL EFFICACY OF HIV-SPECIFIC CD8<sup>+</sup> T-CELLS IN HUMANIZED MOUSE MODEL Open
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: HIV-specific CD8 + T-cells play a critical role in partially controlling viral replication in infected-individuals, but ultimately fail to eliminate infection. Enhancing these T-cell responses through lymphocyte engineeri…