Explanipedia

Positive low cloud feedback from increasing surface longwave radiation and parametrized convection in HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL. Open

Mark J. Webb, Tomoo Ogura, Adrian Lock · 2025

The third Met Office Unified Model–JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land Configuration, RAL3 Open

Mike Bush, David L. A. Flack, Huw Lewis, Sylvia I. Bohnenstengel, Chris J. Short , et al. · 2025

The third version of the Regional Atmosphere and Land (RAL3) science configuration is documented. Developed through international partnerships, RAL configurations define settings for the Unified Model atmosphere and Joint UK Land Environme…

Sensitivity of near‐surface marine winds and wind stress in coastal Antarctica to regional atmospheric model configuration Open

Thomas Caton Harrison, Adrian Lock, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, John King, Hua Lu , et al. · 2025

Near‐surface marine winds in coastal Antarctica have global importance, as they affect ocean circulation and sea‐ice variability. We test the sensitivities of simulated near‐surface winds and wind stress in coastal Antarctica to uncertain …

The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 8.0 and JULES Global Land 9.0 configurations Open

Martin Richard Willett, M. E. Brooks, Andrew C. Bushell, Paul Earnshaw, Samantha Smith , et al. · 2025

We describe Global Atmosphere 8.0 and Global Land 9.0 (GA8GL9) that are science configurations of the Met Office Unified Model and JULES land surface model developed for use across weather and climate timescales. GA8GL9 builds upon GA7GL7.…

Rolling <span>DICE</span> to advance knowledge of land–atmosphere interactions Open

Martin Best, Adrian Lock, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Éric Bazile, Isabelle Beau , et al. · 2025

The Diurnal Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (DICE) aims to explore the complex interactions between the land surface and atmospheric boundary layer, which are generally not well understood and difficult to isolate in models. The projec…

Supplementary material to "The third Met Office Unified Model-JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land Configuration, RAL3" Open

Mike Bush, David L. A. Flack, Huw Lewis, Sylvia I. Bohnenstengel, Chris J. Short , et al. · 2024

The third Met Office Unified Model-JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land Configuration, RAL3 Open

Mike Bush, David L. A. Flack, Huw Lewis, Sylvia I. Bohnenstengel, Chris J. Short , et al. · 2024

The third version of the Regional Atmosphere and Land (RAL3) science configuration is documented. Developed through international partnership, RAL configurations define settings for the Unified Model atmosphere and Joint UK Land Environmen…

The hectometric modelling challenge: Gaps in the current state of the art and ways forward towards the implementation of 100‐m scale weather and climate models Open

Humphrey Lean, Natalie Theeuwes, Michael Baldauf, Jan Barkmeijer, Geoffrey Bessardon , et al. · 2024

For a number of years research has been carried out in several centres which has demonstrated the potential benefits of 100‐m scale models for a range of meteorological phenomena. More recently, some meteorological services have started to…

Impacts of the new UM convection scheme, CoMorph-A, over the Indo-Pacific and Australian regions Open

Hongyan Zhu, Debra Hudson, Chen Li, Li Shi, Bethan White , et al. · 2024

A new convection scheme, ‘CoMorph-A’, has been introduced into the latest UK Met Office coupled (GC4) and atmosphere-only (GA8) models. In this study, the impact of CoMorph-A is assessed in atmosphere-only Atmospheric Model Intercomparison…

Impacts of free tropospheric turbulence parametrisation on a sheared tropical cyclone Open

A. Johnson, Juliane Schwendike, Andrew Ross, Adrian Lock, John Edwards , et al. · 2024

The turbulent transport of momentum, heat, and moisture can impact tropical cyclone intensity. However, representing subgrid‐scale turbulence accurately in numerical weather prediction models is challenging due to a lack of observational d…

The use of idealised experiments in testing a new convective parametrization: Performance of <span>CoMorph‐A</span> Open

Sally L. Lavender, Alison J. Stirling, Michael Whitall, R. A. Stratton, C. L. Daleu , et al. · 2024

CoMorph is a new mass‐flux convection parametrization under development at the Met Office designed for use within the Unified Model and its successor model, LFRic. Use of a three‐dimensional idealised model enables controlled tests of the …

What Are the Main Causes of Positive Subtropical Low Cloud Feedbacks in Climate Models? Open

Mark J. Webb, Adrian Lock, Tomoo Ogura · 2023

We investigate positive subtropical low cloud feedback mechanisms in climate models which have performed the CMIP6/CFMIP‐3 AMIP and AMIP uniform +4K experiments while saving CFMIP‐3 process diagnostics on model levels. Our analysis focuses…

Positive Low Cloud Feedback Primarily Caused by Increasing Longwave Radiation from the Sea Surface in Two Versions of a Climate Model Open

Tomoo Ogura, Mark J. Webb, Adrian Lock · 2023

Low cloud feedback in global warming projections by climate models is characterized by its positive sign, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here we propose that the positive sign is primarily caused by the increase in upward l…

Positive Low Cloud Feedback Primarily Caused by Increasing Longwave Radiation From the Sea Surface in Two Versions of a Climate Model Open

Tomoo Ogura, Mark J. Webb, Adrian Lock · 2023

Low cloud feedback in global warming projections by climate models is characterized by its positive sign, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here we propose that the positive sign is primarily caused by the increase in upward l…

Irrigation contrasts through the morning transition Open

Jennifer Brooke, Martin Best, Adrian Lock, S. Osborne, Jeremy Price , et al. · 2023

The Land surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi‐arid Environment (LIAISE) campaign was conducted in July 2021, primarily to investigate the role of irrigation in modulating the boundary‐layer evolution in the Catala…

The Met Office Unified Model GA7.2GL8.1 and GA7.2.1GL8.1.1 configurations: Developments from GA7GL7 Open

M. R. Willett, M. E. Brooks, John Edwards, Adrian Lock, Andrew J. Malcolm , et al. · 2023

The Unified Model and JULES are used in defined Global Atmosphere and Global Land configurations to simulate the global atmosphere-land system at the Met Office and at other UM partners. GA7.0GL7.0 was frozen in 2016. However, the NWP perf…

Confronting the Convective Gray Zone in the Global Configuration of the Met Office Unified Model Open

Lorenzo Tomassini, Martin Willett, Alistair Sellar, Adrian Lock, David Walters , et al. · 2023

In atmospheric models with kilometer‐scale grids the resolution approaches the scale of convection. As a consequence the most energetic eddies in the atmosphere are partially resolved and partially unresolved. The modeling challenge to rep…

What physical mechanisms cause positive subtropical low cloud feedbacks in climate models? Open

Mark J. Webb, Adrian Lock, Tomoo Ogura · 2023

We investigate positive subtropical low cloud feedback mechanisms in climate models which have performed the CMIP6/CFMIP-3 AMIP and AMIP uniform +4K experiments while saving CFMIP-3 process diagnostics on model levels. Our analysis focuses…

The second Met Office Unified Model–JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land configuration, RAL2 Open

Mike Bush, Ian Boutle, John Edwards, Anke Finnenkoetter, Charmaine Franklin , et al. · 2023

In this paper we define RAL2 – the second Regional Atmosphere and Land (RAL) science configuration for regional modelling. RAL2 uses the Unified Model (UM) as the basis for the atmosphere and the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES)…

The second Met Office Unified Model-JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land configuration, RAL2 Open

Mike Bush, Ian Boutle, John Edwards, Anke Finnenkoetter, Charmaine Franklin , et al. · 2023

Supporting data for figures in GMD draft paper: The second Met Office Unified Model-JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land configuration, RAL2

The second Met Office Unified Model-JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land configuration, RAL2 Open

Mike Bush, Ian Boutle, John Edwards, Anke Finnenkoetter, Charmaine Franklin , et al. · 2023

Supporting data for figures in GMD draft paper: The second Met Office Unified Model-JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land configuration, RAL2

Kilometer‐Scale Simulations of Trade‐Wind Cumulus Capture Processes of Mesoscale Organization Open

Leo Saffin, Adrian Lock, Lorenzo Tomassini, Alan Blyth, Steven Böing , et al. · 2023

The EUREC 4 A (Elucidating the role of clouds–circulation coupling in climate) and ATOMIC (Atlantic Tradewind Ocean‐Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign) joint field campaign gathered observations to better understand the links betwee…

MetUM Simulations of 2nd February Case Study Open

Leo Saffin, Adrian Lock · 2023

This repository contains data to support the publication "Kilometre-scale simulations of trade-wind cumulus capture processes of mesoscale organization" submitted to JAMES. The data is from Met Office Unified Model simulations of the 2nd F…

MetUM Simulations of 2nd February Case Study Open

Leo Saffin, Adrian Lock · 2023

This repository contains data to support the publication "Kilometre-scale simulations of trade-wind cumulus capture processes of mesoscale organization" submitted to JAMES. The data is from Met Office Unified Model simulations of the 2nd F…

Comment on gmd-2022-209 Open

Mike Bush, Ian Boutle, John Edwards, Anke Finnenkoetter, Charmaine Franklin , et al. · 2022

Abstract. In this paper we define RAL2 â the second Regional Atmosphere and Land (RAL) science configuration for regional modelling. RAL2 uses the Unified Model (UM) as the basis for the atmosphere and the Joint UK Land …

Comment on gmd-2022-209 Open

Mike Bush, Ian Boutle, John Edwards, Anke Finnenkoetter, Charmaine Franklin , et al. · 2022

Abstract. In this paper we define RAL2 â the second Regional Atmosphere and Land (RAL) science configuration for regional modelling. RAL2 uses the Unified Model (UM) as the basis for the atmosphere and the Joint UK Land …

The second Met Office Unified Model/JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land configuration, RAL2 Open

Mike Bush, Ian Boutle, John Edwards, Anke Finnenkoetter, Charmaine Franklin , et al. · 2022

In this paper we define RAL2 - the second "Regional Atmosphere and Land" (RAL) science configuration for regional modelling. RAL2 uses the Unified Model (UM) as the basis for the atmosphere and the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULE…

Confronting the convective gray zone in the global configuration of the Met Office Unified Model Open

Lorenzo Tomassini, Martin Willett, Alistair Sellar, Adrian Lock, David Walters , et al. · 2022

In atmospheric models with kilometer-scale grids the resolution approaches the scale of convection. As a consequence the most energetic eddies in the atmosphere are partially resolved and partially unresolved. The modeling challenge to rep…

Kilometer-scale simulations of trade-wind cumulus capture processes of mesoscale organization Open

Leo Saffin, Adrian Lock, Lorenzo Tomassini, Alan Blyth, S.Boeing leeds.ac.uk Böing , et al. · 2022

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES). ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data ma…

SINGV: A convective‐scale weather forecast model for Singapore Open

Anurag Dipankar, Stuart Webster, Xiangming Sun, Claudio Sánchez, Rachel North , et al. · 2020

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) capabilities in the Maritime Continent are not as developed as in the midlatitudes. Countries in the region do not develop their own modelling systems; rather they adapt models primarily developed for the…

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