Anai N. Kothari
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View article: Moving Beyond Binary Biomarkers: Machine Learning Model Resolves Concurrent and Molecularly Heterogeneous Mismatch Repair and Homologous Recombination Deficiencies in Prostate Cancer
Moving Beyond Binary Biomarkers: Machine Learning Model Resolves Concurrent and Molecularly Heterogeneous Mismatch Repair and Homologous Recombination Deficiencies in Prostate Cancer Open
Current DNA damage repair (DDR) biomarkers employ binary classifications that fail to capture the molecular complexity of tumors with concurrent repair deficiencies. We used genomics analysis to stratify 672 metastatic prostate cancer pati…
View article: Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Call to Study Reproductive Safety for Healthcare Workers
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Call to Study Reproductive Safety for Healthcare Workers Open
View article: A Novel Algorithm for Personalized Federated Learning: Knowledge Distillation with Weighted Combination Loss
A Novel Algorithm for Personalized Federated Learning: Knowledge Distillation with Weighted Combination Loss Open
Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving framework for distributed machine learning, enabling collaborative model training across diverse clients without centralizing sensitive data. However, statistical heterogeneity, character…
View article: Development and Evaluation of an AI-Assisted, Privacy-Preserving Surgical Risk Calculator
Development and Evaluation of an AI-Assisted, Privacy-Preserving Surgical Risk Calculator Open
Large language models (LLMs) have shown capabilities in generating functional code, yet their utility in the development of clinical prediction tools has not been significantly explored. We evaluated GPT-4o’s capability to create a postope…
View article: A Novel Algorithm for Personalized Federated Learning: Knowledge Distillation with Weighted Combination Loss
A Novel Algorithm for Personalized Federated Learning: Knowledge Distillation with Weighted Combination Loss Open
Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving framework for distributed machine learning, enabling collaborative model training across diverse clients without centralizing sensitive data. However, statistical heterogeneity, character…
View article: International students in United States allopathic medical education: a mixed-methods analysis of institutional policies
International students in United States allopathic medical education: a mixed-methods analysis of institutional policies Open
International medical students (IMS; non-U.S. citizens/permanent residents) greatly enhance the diversity of U.S. medical schools and serve in areas of greatest healthcare needs. Despite 15% of the US population being foreign born, interna…
View article: Development and validation of a novel suspended particulate matter sampling device for analysis of particle-bound microbial communities
Development and validation of a novel suspended particulate matter sampling device for analysis of particle-bound microbial communities Open
Biotic and abiotic materials attachment to suspended particulate matter in aquatic systems can increase their toxicity and health impacts and has led to an increased need for consistent sampling across various compartments. Sedimentation t…
View article: AI-Derived Electronic Tumor Marker (e19-9) Can Measure Treatment Response and Outcomes in CA19-9 Non-Producers with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
AI-Derived Electronic Tumor Marker (e19-9) Can Measure Treatment Response and Outcomes in CA19-9 Non-Producers with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Open
Background Clinicians use Cancer Antigen 19 − 9 (CA19-9) to assess treatment response and inform clinical decisions for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, nearly 30% of patients with PDAC do not have an elevate…
View article: Microplastic characteristics differentially influence cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom microbial community membership, growth, and toxin production
Microplastic characteristics differentially influence cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom microbial community membership, growth, and toxin production Open
Terrestrial runoffs contribute to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) by providing nutrients and other pollutants that may facilitate cyanobacterial growth. Microplastics (MPs) are being detected at increasing concentrations in var…
View article: PRISM: Patient Records Interpretation for Semantic clinical trial Matching system using large language models
PRISM: Patient Records Interpretation for Semantic clinical trial Matching system using large language models Open
View article: Stronger Baseline Models -- A Key Requirement for Aligning Machine Learning Research with Clinical Utility
Stronger Baseline Models -- A Key Requirement for Aligning Machine Learning Research with Clinical Utility Open
Machine Learning (ML) research has increased substantially in recent years, due to the success of predictive modeling across diverse application domains. However, well-known barriers exist when attempting to deploy ML models in high-stakes…
View article: Reply to: “Artificial Intelligence Content Detector in Paper Writing: Beyond the Detection,” by Matsubara S et al.
Reply to: “Artificial Intelligence Content Detector in Paper Writing: Beyond the Detection,” by Matsubara S et al. Open
View article: Characteristics Associated with Successful Residency Match in General Surgery
Characteristics Associated with Successful Residency Match in General Surgery Open
Objective: To evaluate characteristics of matched and unmatched general surgery residency (GSR) applicants. Background: Given the recent change of the United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 grading to pass/fail, understanding the fact…
View article: D90. Investigation into Medicare’s Price Transparency Law: Influence of Hospital Factors on Peripheral Nerve Procedure Costs and Price Variation among these Procedures
D90. Investigation into Medicare’s Price Transparency Law: Influence of Hospital Factors on Peripheral Nerve Procedure Costs and Price Variation among these Procedures Open
PURPOSE: This study aims to elucidate the impact of the 2021 Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Price Transparency Rule on the price of peripheral nerve procedures in US hospitals. Price data from the Turquoise Health…
View article: PRISM: Patient Records Interpretation for Semantic Clinical Trial Matching using Large Language Models
PRISM: Patient Records Interpretation for Semantic Clinical Trial Matching using Large Language Models Open
Clinical trial matching is the task of identifying trials for which patients may be potentially eligible. Typically, this task is labor-intensive and requires detailed verification of patient electronic health records (EHRs) against the st…
View article: Onco-Retriever: Generative Classifier for Retrieval of EHR Records in Oncology
Onco-Retriever: Generative Classifier for Retrieval of EHR Records in Oncology Open
Retrieving information from EHR systems is essential for answering specific questions about patient journeys and improving the delivery of clinical care. Despite this fact, most EHR systems still rely on keyword-based searches. With the ad…
View article: Addressing social determinants of health for oncology patients: can we reduce hospital readmissions?
Addressing social determinants of health for oncology patients: can we reduce hospital readmissions? Open
Background: Cancer patients with health-related social risks may be at higher risk for readmissions. This study assesses the impact of the recently integrated social determinants of health (SDOH) survey on inpatient oncology 30-day hospita…
View article: Risk of Early Postoperative Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Complication in Patients with Preoperative COVID-19 Undergoing Cancer Surgery
Risk of Early Postoperative Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Complication in Patients with Preoperative COVID-19 Undergoing Cancer Surgery Open
BACKGROUND: As the COVID-19 pandemic shifts to an endemic phase, an increasing proportion of patients with cancer and a preoperative history of COVID-19 will require surgery. This study aimed to assess the influence of preoperative COVID-1…
View article: Characterizing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection on surgical outcomes
Characterizing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection on surgical outcomes Open
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the delivery of surgical care.Early in the pandemic, an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse postoperative outcomes prompted the implementation of risk mitigation strategies, including rout…
View article: Association of Daily Step Count and Postoperative Surgical Complications Among All of Us Research Participants
Association of Daily Step Count and Postoperative Surgical Complications Among All of Us Research Participants Open
Background The association between preoperative wearable device step counts and surgical outcomes has not been examined using commercial devices linked to electronic health records (EHR). This study measured the association between daily p…
View article: Benign mature teratoma of the cecum: a case report
Benign mature teratoma of the cecum: a case report Open
A teratoma is a typically benign tumor derived from more than one embryonic cell line, and it is characterized by presence of tissue foreign to the tumor location site. With the unlikely primary location in the gastrointestinal tract and n…
View article: Nonelective coronary artery bypass graft outcomes are adversely impacted by Coronavirus disease 2019 infection, but not altered processes of care: A National COVID Cohort Collaborative and National Surgery Quality Improvement Program analysis
Nonelective coronary artery bypass graft outcomes are adversely impacted by Coronavirus disease 2019 infection, but not altered processes of care: A National COVID Cohort Collaborative and National Surgery Quality Improvement Program analysis Open
Traditional care processes were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data show that nonelective CABG in patients with active COVID-19 is associated with significantly increased rates of mortality and pneumonia. The equivalent mortalit…
View article: Prediction of Early Recurrence Following CRS/HIPEC in Patients With Disseminated Appendiceal Cancer
Prediction of Early Recurrence Following CRS/HIPEC in Patients With Disseminated Appendiceal Cancer Open
View article: From ChatGPT to Treatment: the Future of AI and Large Language Models in Surgical Oncology
From ChatGPT to Treatment: the Future of AI and Large Language Models in Surgical Oncology Open
View article: Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage Predicts Outcomes in Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Malignancy
Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage Predicts Outcomes in Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Malignancy Open
View article: Severity of Prior Coronavirus Disease 2019 is Associated With Postoperative Outcomes After Major Inpatient Surgery
Severity of Prior Coronavirus Disease 2019 is Associated With Postoperative Outcomes After Major Inpatient Surgery Open
Objective: To determine how the severity of prior history (Hx) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection influences postoperative outcomes after major elective inpatient surgery. Background: Surgical guideli…
View article: Shaping the Future of Medical Education with Generative AI: Student-Initiated Data Science Interest Group Launches ChatClinic (Preprint)
Shaping the Future of Medical Education with Generative AI: Student-Initiated Data Science Interest Group Launches ChatClinic (Preprint) Open
UNSTRUCTURED The establishment of a medical student-initiated Data Science Interest Group (DSIG) demonstrates the growing interest and integration of data science, artificial intelligence (AI), and medicine. The DSIG works to provide an i…
View article: Automated machine learning (AutoML) can predict 90-day mortality after gastrectomy for cancer
Automated machine learning (AutoML) can predict 90-day mortality after gastrectomy for cancer Open
Early postoperative mortality risk prediction is crucial for clinical management of gastric cancer. This study aims to predict 90-day mortality in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy using automated machine learning (AutoML), op…
View article: Team principles for successful interdisciplinary research teams
Team principles for successful interdisciplinary research teams Open
View article: Severity of Prior COVID-19 Infection is Associated with Postoperative Outcomes Following Major Inpatient Surgery
Severity of Prior COVID-19 Infection is Associated with Postoperative Outcomes Following Major Inpatient Surgery Open
Objective To determine the association between severity of prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and postoperative outcomes following major elective inpatient surgery. Summary Background Data Surgical guidelines instituted early in the COV…