Alicia M. Fry
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View article: Methodological Inheritances and Interventions
Methodological Inheritances and Interventions Open
Editorial
View article: Estimated Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Secondary Infections in Households
Estimated Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Secondary Infections in Households Open
Importance Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) is commonly assessed against prevention of illness that requires medical attention. Few studies have evaluated VE against secondary influenza infections. Objective To determine the estimated …
View article: A Potential Platform for Future Vaccine Trials Identifies a High Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Influenza Infection Among Children Aged 6 to 23 Months in South Africa
A Potential Platform for Future Vaccine Trials Identifies a High Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Influenza Infection Among Children Aged 6 to 23 Months in South Africa Open
Background Approaches for determining whether influenza vaccination prevents infection, attenuates illness, or both are important for developing improved vaccines. We estimated influenza infection incidence and evaluated symptom ascertainm…
View article: Randomised immunogenicity trial comparing 2019-2020 recombinant and egg-based influenza vaccines among frequently vaccinated healthcare personnel in Israel
Randomised immunogenicity trial comparing 2019-2020 recombinant and egg-based influenza vaccines among frequently vaccinated healthcare personnel in Israel Open
View article: Relative Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Versus Egg-Based Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Among Adults Aged 18–64 Years: Results and Experience From a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
Relative Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Versus Egg-Based Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Among Adults Aged 18–64 Years: Results and Experience From a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Open
Background Immunogenicity studies suggest that recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV) may provide better protection against influenza than standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccines (SD IIV). This randomized trial evaluated the relative vac…
View article: Protection against influenza hospitalizations from enhanced influenza vaccines among older adults: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Protection against influenza hospitalizations from enhanced influenza vaccines among older adults: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis Open
Background Influenza vaccines are available to help protect persons aged ≥65 years, who experience thousands of influenza hospitalizations annually. Because some influenza vaccines may work better than others, we sought to assess benefit o…
View article: Respiratory Viral Infections From 2015 to 2022 in the HIVE Cohort of American Households: Incidence, Illness Characteristics, and Seasonality
Respiratory Viral Infections From 2015 to 2022 in the HIVE Cohort of American Households: Incidence, Illness Characteristics, and Seasonality Open
Background Viral respiratory illnesses are the most common acute illnesses experienced and generally follow a predicted pattern over time. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic interrupted that pattern. …
View article: Responding to the Return of Influenza in the United States by Applying Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Surveillance, Analysis, and Modeling to Inform Understanding of Seasonal Influenza
Responding to the Return of Influenza in the United States by Applying Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Surveillance, Analysis, and Modeling to Inform Understanding of Seasonal Influenza Open
We reviewed the tools that have been developed to characterize and communicate seasonal influenza activity in the United States. Here we focus on systematic surveillance and applied analytics, including seasonal burden and disease severity…
View article: Using machine learning to characterize the impact of oseltamivir on clinical failure in hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection
Using machine learning to characterize the impact of oseltamivir on clinical failure in hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection Open
We used causal forest machine learning to re-analyze data from a randomized study evaluating oseltamivir in hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Influenza virus infected patients had 26% lower risk of clinical fail…
View article: Redirecting antibody responses from egg-adapted epitopes following repeat vaccination with recombinant or cell culture-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines
Redirecting antibody responses from egg-adapted epitopes following repeat vaccination with recombinant or cell culture-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines Open
Repeat vaccination with egg-based influenza vaccines could preferentially boost antibodies targeting the egg-adapted epitopes and reduce immunogenicity to circulating viruses. In this randomized trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03722589), ser…
View article: Influenza A(H3N2) Antibody Responses to Standard-Dose Versus Enhanced Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity in Older Adults and Prior Season's Vaccine Status
Influenza A(H3N2) Antibody Responses to Standard-Dose Versus Enhanced Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity in Older Adults and Prior Season's Vaccine Status Open
Background Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for older adults but repeated vaccination with standard-dose influenza vaccine has been linked to reduced immunogenicity and effectiveness, especially against A(H3N2) viruses. Methods …
View article: Responding to the Return of Influenza in the United States by Applying Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Surveillance, Analysis, and Modeling to Inform Understanding of Seasonal Influenza (Preprint)
Responding to the Return of Influenza in the United States by Applying Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Surveillance, Analysis, and Modeling to Inform Understanding of Seasonal Influenza (Preprint) Open
UNSTRUCTURED We reviewed the tools that have been developed to characterize and communicate seasonal influenza activity in the United States. Here we focus on systematic surveillance and applied analytics, including seasonal burden and di…
View article: Avian influenza virus A (H5N1), detected through routine surveillance, in child, Bangladesh
Avian influenza virus A (H5N1), detected through routine surveillance, in child, Bangladesh Open
We identified avian influenza virus A (H5N1) infection in a child in Bangladesh in 2008 by routine influenza surveillance. The virus was of the same clade and phylogenetic subgroup as that circulating among poultry during the period. This …
View article: Reported Global Avian Influenza Detections Among Humans and Animals During 2013-2022: Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Available Surveillance Data
Reported Global Avian Influenza Detections Among Humans and Animals During 2013-2022: Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Available Surveillance Data Open
Background Avian influenza (AI) virus detections occurred frequently in 2022 and continue to pose a health, economic, and food security risk. The most recent global analysis of official reports of animal outbreaks and human infections with…
View article: Risk for Infection in Humans after Exposure to Birds Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus, United States, 2022
Risk for Infection in Humans after Exposure to Birds Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus, United States, 2022 Open
During February 7─September 3, 2022, a total of 39 US states experienced outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in birds from commercial poultry farms and backyard flocks. Among persons exposed to infected birds, high…
View article: Immunogenicity of High-Dose Egg-Based, Recombinant, and Cell Culture–Based Influenza Vaccines Compared With Standard-Dose Egg-Based Influenza Vaccine Among Health Care Personnel Aged 18–65 Years in 2019–2020
Immunogenicity of High-Dose Egg-Based, Recombinant, and Cell Culture–Based Influenza Vaccines Compared With Standard-Dose Egg-Based Influenza Vaccine Among Health Care Personnel Aged 18–65 Years in 2019–2020 Open
Background Emerging data suggest that second-generation influenza vaccines with higher hemagglutinin (HA) antigen content and/or different production methods may induce stronger antibody responses to HA than standard-dose egg-based influen…
View article: Reported Global Avian Influenza Detections Among Humans and Animals During 2013-2022: Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Available Surveillance Data (Preprint)
Reported Global Avian Influenza Detections Among Humans and Animals During 2013-2022: Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Available Surveillance Data (Preprint) Open
BACKGROUND Avian influenza (AI) virus detections occurred frequently in 2022 and continue to pose a health, economic, and food security risk. The most recent global analysis of official reports of animal outbreaks and human infections wit…
View article: <i>Vital Signs:</i> Influenza Hospitalizations and Vaccination Coverage by Race and Ethnicity—United States, 2009–10 Through 2021–22 Influenza Seasons
<i>Vital Signs:</i> Influenza Hospitalizations and Vaccination Coverage by Race and Ethnicity—United States, 2009–10 Through 2021–22 Influenza Seasons Open
Racial and ethnic disparities in influenza disease severity and influenza vaccination coverage persist. Health care providers should assess patient vaccination status at all medical visits and offer (or provide a referral for) all recommen…
View article: Association of mRNA Vaccination With Clinical and Virologic Features of COVID-19 Among US Essential and Frontline Workers
Association of mRNA Vaccination With Clinical and Virologic Features of COVID-19 Among US Essential and Frontline Workers Open
Importance Data on the epidemiology of mild to moderately severe COVID-19 are needed to inform public health guidance. Objective To evaluate associations between 2 or 3 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and attenuation of symptoms and viral R…
View article: Effect of Repeat Vaccination on Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Cell-Culture and Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18–64 Years: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial
Effect of Repeat Vaccination on Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Cell-Culture and Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18–64 Years: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial Open
Background Antibody responses to non–egg-based standard-dose cell-culture influenza vaccine (containing 15 µg hemagglutinin [HA]/component) and recombinant vaccine (containing 45 µg HA/component) during consecutive seasons have not been st…
View article: Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022–23 Influenza Season
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022–23 Influenza Season Open
THIS REPORT UPDATES THE 2021-22 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES (ACIP) CONCERNING THE USE OF SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINES IN THE UNITED STATES: (MMWR Recomm Rep 2021;70[No. RR-5]:1-24). Routine annual inf…
View article: Influenza Activity and Composition of the 2022–23 Influenza Vaccine — United States, 2021–22 Season
Influenza Activity and Composition of the 2022–23 Influenza Vaccine — United States, 2021–22 Season Open
Before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, influenza activity in the United States typically began to increase in the fall and peaked in February. During the 2021-22 season, influenza activity began to increase in …
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Sera Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Concentrations Compared with COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Estimates against Symptomatic Infection
SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Sera Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Concentrations Compared with COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Estimates against Symptomatic Infection Open
Although COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (VE) studies have estimated antibody concentrations that correlate with protection from COVID-19, how these estimates compare to those generated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. We assessed…
View article: United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention support for influenza surveillance, 2013–2021
United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention support for influenza surveillance, 2013–2021 Open
Great progress has been made in the global understanding of influenza trends and seasonality. To optimize surveillance to identify atypical influenza viruses, and to integrate molecular testing, sequencing and reporting of severe acute res…
View article: Interim Estimates of 2021–22 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2022
Interim Estimates of 2021–22 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2022 Open
In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months. Each season since 2004-05, CDC has estimated the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine to prevent influenza-associated…
View article: Severity of the COVID‐19 pandemic assessed with all‐cause mortality in the United States during 2020
Severity of the COVID‐19 pandemic assessed with all‐cause mortality in the United States during 2020 Open
Background In the United States, infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 caused 380,000 reported deaths from March to December 2020. Methods We adapted the Moving Epidemic Method to all‐cause mortality data from the United States to assess the severity …
View article: Twelve-Month Follow-up of Early COVID-19 Cases in the United States: Cellular and Humoral Immune Longevity
Twelve-Month Follow-up of Early COVID-19 Cases in the United States: Cellular and Humoral Immune Longevity Open
We quantify antibody and memory B-cell responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at 6 and 12 months postinfection among 7 unvaccinated US coronavirus disease 2019 cases. All had detectable S-specific memory B cells and i…
View article: Leveraging International Influenza Surveillance Systems and Programs during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Leveraging International Influenza Surveillance Systems and Programs during the COVID-19 Pandemic Open
A network of global respiratory disease surveillance systems and partnerships has been built over decades as a direct response to the persistent threat of seasonal, zoonotic, and pandemic influenza. These efforts have been spearheaded by t…
View article: Effectiveness of two-dose vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among immunocompromised adults—Nine States, January–September 2021
Effectiveness of two-dose vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among immunocompromised adults—Nine States, January–September 2021 Open
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Sera Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Concentrations Compared with COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Estimates Against Symptomatic Infection
SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Sera Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Concentrations Compared with COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Estimates Against Symptomatic Infection Open
Previous vaccine efficacy (VE) studies have estimated neutralizing and binding antibody concentrations that correlate with protection from symptomatic infection; how these estimates compare to those generated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infe…