Alisa Fox
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View article: Unique Kinetics of the Human Milk Antibody Response to JYNNEOS Vaccine for Prevention of Monkey Pox: A Case Study
Unique Kinetics of the Human Milk Antibody Response to JYNNEOS Vaccine for Prevention of Monkey Pox: A Case Study Open
Background: JYNNEOS is a nonreplicating modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine currently licensed to prevent monkeypox infection, and its milk immunogenicity remains unstudied. Objective: Investigate the human milk immunogenicity of the JYNNEOS …
View article: Associations between SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Vaccination and Human Milk Composition: A Multi-Omics Approach
Associations between SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Vaccination and Human Milk Composition: A Multi-Omics Approach Open
The risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 via human milk-feeding is virtually non-existent. Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination for lactating individuals are not different from the general population, and no evidence has been found that their…
View article: In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19
In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19 Open
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody (Ab) in human mucosae, with secretory form (sIgA) being dominant and uniquely stable. sIgA is challenging to produce recombinantly but is naturally found in human milk, which could be co…
View article: In Vivo Antiviral Efficacy of LCTG-002, a Pooled, Purified Human Milk Secretory IgA product, Against SARS-CoV-2 in a Murine Model of COVID-19
In Vivo Antiviral Efficacy of LCTG-002, a Pooled, Purified Human Milk Secretory IgA product, Against SARS-CoV-2 in a Murine Model of COVID-19 Open
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody (Ab) in human mucosal compartments including the respiratory tract, with the secretory form of IgA (sIgA) being dominant and uniquely stable in these environments. sIgA is naturally foun…
View article: The Secretory IgA Response in Human Milk Against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Is Highly Durable and Neutralizing for At Least 1 Year of Lactation Postinfection
The Secretory IgA Response in Human Milk Against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Is Highly Durable and Neutralizing for At Least 1 Year of Lactation Postinfection Open
Background: Although in the early pandemic period COVID-19 pathology among young children and infants was typically less severe compared with that observed among adults, this has not remained entirely consistent as severe acute respiratory…
View article: Assessment of human milk samples obtained pre and post-influenza vaccination reveals a poor boosting of seasonally-relevant, hemagglutinin-specific antibodies
Assessment of human milk samples obtained pre and post-influenza vaccination reveals a poor boosting of seasonally-relevant, hemagglutinin-specific antibodies Open
Introduction Influenza (flu) vaccination prevented over 100,000 hospitalizations and 7000 deaths from flu over the 2019-2020 season in the USA. Infants <6 months are the most likely to die from flu, though flu vaccines are only licensed…
View article: The secretory IgA (sIgA) response in human milk against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike is highly durable and neutralizing for at least 1 year of lactation post-infection
The secretory IgA (sIgA) response in human milk against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike is highly durable and neutralizing for at least 1 year of lactation post-infection Open
Although in the early pandemic period, COVID-19 pathology among young children and infants was typically less severe compared to that observed among adults, this has not remained entirely consistent as SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged. The…
View article: Assessment of human milk samples obtained pre- and post-influenza vaccination reveals a poor boosting of seasonally-relevant, hemagglutinin-specific antibodies
Assessment of human milk samples obtained pre- and post-influenza vaccination reveals a poor boosting of seasonally-relevant, hemagglutinin-specific antibodies Open
Influenza (flu) vaccination prevented over 100,000 hospitalizations and 7000 deaths from flu over the 2019-2020 season in the USA [1]. Infants 6□months old. Therefore, it is recommended that flu vaccination occur during pregnancy, as this …
View article: Impact of IgG Isotype on the Induction of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis of HIV by Human Milk Leukocytes
Impact of IgG Isotype on the Induction of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis of HIV by Human Milk Leukocytes Open
Approximately 100,000 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) events of HIV via human milk feeding occur each year. However, only about 15% of infants milk-fed by untreated HIV+ mothers become infected, suggesting a protective effect of the mi…
View article: The IgA in milk induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection is comprised of mainly secretory antibody that is neutralizing and highly durable over time
The IgA in milk induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection is comprised of mainly secretory antibody that is neutralizing and highly durable over time Open
Approximately 10% of infants infected with SARS-CoV-2 will experience COVID-19 illness requiring advanced care. A potential mechanism to protect this population is passive immunization via the milk of a previously infected person. We and o…
View article: The IgA in milk induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection is comprised of mainly secretory antibody that is neutralizing and highly durable over time
The IgA in milk induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection is comprised of mainly secretory antibody that is neutralizing and highly durable over time Open
Approximately 10% of infants infected with SARS-CoV-2 will experience COVID-19 illness requiring advanced care. A potential mechanism to protect this population is passive immunization via the milk of a previously infected person. We and o…
View article: Impact of IgG isotype on the induction of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of HIV by human milk leukocytes
Impact of IgG isotype on the induction of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of HIV by human milk leukocytes Open
Approximately 100,000 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) events of HIV via human milk feeding occur each year (1). However, only about 15% of infants milk-fed by untreated HIV+ mothers become infected, suggesting a protective effect of th…
View article: Differential pre-pandemic breast milk IgA reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronaviruses in Ugandan and American mothers
Differential pre-pandemic breast milk IgA reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronaviruses in Ugandan and American mothers Open
Some Ugandan mothers have pre-existing HCoV-induced IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, which may be passed to infants via breastfeeding.
View article: Comparative profiles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific human milk antibodies elicited by mRNA- and adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines
Comparative profiles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific human milk antibodies elicited by mRNA- and adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines Open
Numerous COVID-19 vaccines are authorized globally. To date, ∼71% of doses are comprised of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, and ∼17% the Moderna/NIH vaccine, both of which are mRNA-based. The chimpanzee Ad-based Oxford/AstraZeneca (AZ) vaccin…
View article: Differential pre-pandemic IgA reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronaviruses measured in milk collected in Uganda and the USA
Differential pre-pandemic IgA reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronaviruses measured in milk collected in Uganda and the USA Open
Objective Uganda, like other African countries, has registered fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths per capita than non-African countries. The lower numbers of cases and deaths in Uganda might be due to pre-existing cross-immunity induced by zo…
View article: The vaccine-elicited immunoglobulin profile in milk after COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccination is IgG-dominant and lacks secretory antibodies
The vaccine-elicited immunoglobulin profile in milk after COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccination is IgG-dominant and lacks secretory antibodies Open
The Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are licensed under emergency use authorization, with millions of doses already administered globally [1]. No COVID-19 vaccines are yet under investigation for use in infants or y…
View article: The Spike-specific IgA in milk commonly-elicited after SARS-Cov-2 infection is concurrent with a robust secretory antibody response, exhibits neutralization potency strongly correlated with IgA binding, and is highly durable over time
The Spike-specific IgA in milk commonly-elicited after SARS-Cov-2 infection is concurrent with a robust secretory antibody response, exhibits neutralization potency strongly correlated with IgA binding, and is highly durable over time Open
Approximately 10% of infants will experience COVID-19 illness requiring advanced care (1). A potential mechanism to protect this population could be provided by passive immunity through the milk of a previously infected mother. We and othe…
View article: Robust and Specific Secretory IgA Against SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Human Milk
Robust and Specific Secretory IgA Against SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Human Milk Open
The SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk has not yet been examined, although protecting infants and young children from COVID-19 is critical for limiting community transmission and preventing serious illness and death. Here, milk sampl…
View article: An HIV Vaccine Targeting the V2 Region of the HIV Envelope Induces a Highly Durable Polyfunctional Fc-Mediated Antibody Response in Rhesus Macaques
An HIV Vaccine Targeting the V2 Region of the HIV Envelope Induces a Highly Durable Polyfunctional Fc-Mediated Antibody Response in Rhesus Macaques Open
The only HIV vaccine trial for which protective efficacy was detected correlated this efficacy with V2-specific Abs that were effectively nonneutralizing. This result has fueled a decade of HIV vaccine research focused on designing an HIV …
View article: Evidence of a significant secretory-IgA-dominant SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk following recovery from COVID-19
Evidence of a significant secretory-IgA-dominant SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk following recovery from COVID-19 Open
SARS-CoV-2, commonly termed COVID-19 for the illness it causes, has infected >3.2 million people, including >220,000 deaths. Human milk IgG originates mainly from blood, therefore a SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibody (Ab) response in milk would …
View article: Multimeric Epitope-Scaffold HIV Vaccines Target V1V2 and Differentially Tune Polyfunctional Antibody Responses
Multimeric Epitope-Scaffold HIV Vaccines Target V1V2 and Differentially Tune Polyfunctional Antibody Responses Open
The V1V2 region of the HIV-1 envelope is the target of several broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Antibodies to V1V2 elicited in the RV144 clinical trial correlated with a reduced risk of HIV infection, but these antibodies were with…
View article: Phagocytosis of a Model Human Immunodeficiency Virus Target by Human Breast Milk Leukocytes Is Predominantly Granulocyte-Driven When Elicited by Specific Antibody
Phagocytosis of a Model Human Immunodeficiency Virus Target by Human Breast Milk Leukocytes Is Predominantly Granulocyte-Driven When Elicited by Specific Antibody Open
The data indicate that BM phagocytes can manifest antiviral activities in the presence of specific Abs and therefore may contribute to reduction of MTCT of HIV.
View article: Primary Human Neutrophils Exhibit a Unique HIV-Directed Antibody-Dependent Phagocytosis Profile
Primary Human Neutrophils Exhibit a Unique HIV-Directed Antibody-Dependent Phagocytosis Profile Open
The only clinical HIV vaccine trial to demonstrate efficacy, RV144, correlated protection with the antibodies (Abs) mediating function via the “constant” immunoglobulin region, the crystallizable fragment (Fc). These data have supported a …
View article: Modulation of Antibody Responses to the V1V2 and V3 Regions of HIV-1 Envelope by Immune Complex Vaccines
Modulation of Antibody Responses to the V1V2 and V3 Regions of HIV-1 Envelope by Immune Complex Vaccines Open
Prophylactic HIV vaccines must elicit antibodies (Abs) against the virus envelope glycoproteins (Env) to effectively prevent HIV infection. We investigated a vaccine platform that utilizes immune complexes made of Env proteins gp120 and mo…
View article: Plasticity and Epitope Exposure of the HIV-1 Envelope Trimer
Plasticity and Epitope Exposure of the HIV-1 Envelope Trimer Open
We recently showed that mutations in the HIV-1 envelope (Env) destabilize the V3 loop, rendering neutralization-resistant viruses sensitive to V3-directed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Here, we investigated the propagation of this effect o…