André Niemeijer
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View article: High-speed infrared thermography for measuring flash temperatures in sheared fault gouge analogues
High-speed infrared thermography for measuring flash temperatures in sheared fault gouge analogues Open
Flash temperatures induced by flash heating can lead to thermal softening or decomposition of fault-zone materials at microscopic grain contacts and, consequently, cause a rapid reduction in fault strength during seismic slip. To quantify …
View article: Frictional healing and induced earthquakes on conventionally stable faults
Frictional healing and induced earthquakes on conventionally stable faults Open
View article: High-Speed Infrared Thermography for Measuring Flash Temperatures in Sheared Fault Gouge Analogues
High-Speed Infrared Thermography for Measuring Flash Temperatures in Sheared Fault Gouge Analogues Open
Flash temperatures induced by flash heating can lead to thermal softening or decomposition of fault-zone materials at microscopic grain contacts and, consequently, cause a rapid reduction in fault strength during seismic slip. To quantify …
View article: Unveiling Earthquakes: Thermoluminescence Signal Resetting of Laboratory-Produced Fault Gouge
Unveiling Earthquakes: Thermoluminescence Signal Resetting of Laboratory-Produced Fault Gouge Open
Unravelling a reliable timing of past earthquakes through luminescence dating of fault gouge depends on sufficient frictional heat during a co-seismic event to fully reset the luminescence signal. Laboratory fault gouge production using a …
View article: Frictional Behavior of Natural Granite Gouges at Hydrothermal Conditions With Varied Initial Grain Size
Frictional Behavior of Natural Granite Gouges at Hydrothermal Conditions With Varied Initial Grain Size Open
Fine‐grained gouge found in fault cores controls earthquake generation through its frictional behavior and microstructural evolution. Here we present friction experiments on natural granitic gouges of various initial grain sizes at hydroth…
View article: Interaction between diagenesis and faulting in sandstone reservoirs: Inferences from the Groningen gas field
Interaction between diagenesis and faulting in sandstone reservoirs: Inferences from the Groningen gas field Open
View article: The effect of micas on the strength of experimental granitoid fault gouge
The effect of micas on the strength of experimental granitoid fault gouge Open
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View article: Effects of Periodic Normal Stress Oscillations on Frictional Properties of Simulated Natural Fault Gouges Under In Situ <i>P</i>‐<i>T</i> Conditions
Effects of Periodic Normal Stress Oscillations on Frictional Properties of Simulated Natural Fault Gouges Under In Situ <i>P</i>‐<i>T</i> Conditions Open
Induced earthquakes are occasionally associated with stress oscillations resulting from periodic industrial activities. Yet, the effects of stress oscillations on fault friction under realistic subsurface conditions are not fully clear. We…
View article: The Effect of Micas on the Strength of Experimental Granitoid Fault Gouge
The Effect of Micas on the Strength of Experimental Granitoid Fault Gouge Open
Sheet silicates play an important role in shaping crustal rheology and causing strain localization at shallow depths through their low strength. However, their effect on crustal rheology at deeper levels (>3 km) remains unclear. We conduct…
View article: Dynamic weakening in sandstone-derived fault gouges during simulated small-magnitude earthquakes under variable loading and environmental conditions
Dynamic weakening in sandstone-derived fault gouges during simulated small-magnitude earthquakes under variable loading and environmental conditions Open
SUMMARY Faults exhibit dynamic weakening during large displacements (>1 m) at seismic slip velocities (>0.1 m s−1), but the role of this weakening in small-displacement induced earthquakes (M 3–4), such as those in the Groningen Gas …
View article: Earthquake Nucleation and Slip Behavior Altered by Stochastic Normal Stress Heterogeneity
Earthquake Nucleation and Slip Behavior Altered by Stochastic Normal Stress Heterogeneity Open
In recent laboratory experiments, varying nucleation locations of accelerating slip with changing nucleation lengths were observed. Spatial variations in effective normal stress, due to the controlling influence on fault strength and fract…
View article: Experimental Evidence for Reaction‐Induced Weakening of (Carbonated) Serpentinite Fault Gouges
Experimental Evidence for Reaction‐Induced Weakening of (Carbonated) Serpentinite Fault Gouges Open
The seismic potential of faults depends on the local mineralogy and can change upon mineral reactions. We conducted friction experiments on serpentinite, carbonate and carbonated serpentinite fault gouges at temperatures from 400°C to 630°…
View article: Rapid Normal Stress Oscillations Cause Weakening and Anelastic Dilation in Gouge‐Bearing Faults
Rapid Normal Stress Oscillations Cause Weakening and Anelastic Dilation in Gouge‐Bearing Faults Open
Fault normal stress ( σ n ) changes dynamically during earthquakes. However, the impact of these changes on fault strength is poorly understood. We explore the effects of rapidly varying σ n by conducting rotary‐shear experiments on simula…
View article: Activation of Dissolution‐Precipitation Creep Causes Weakening and Viscous Behavior in Experimentally Deformed Antigorite
Activation of Dissolution‐Precipitation Creep Causes Weakening and Viscous Behavior in Experimentally Deformed Antigorite Open
Antigorite occurs at seismogenic depth along plate boundary shear zones, particularly in subduction and oceanic transform settings, and has been suggested to control a low‐strength bulk rheology. To constrain dominant deformation mechanism…
View article: The Frictional‐Viscous Transition in Experimentally Deformed Granitoid Fault Gouge
The Frictional‐Viscous Transition in Experimentally Deformed Granitoid Fault Gouge Open
In crustal faults dominated by granitoid gouges, the frictional‐viscous transition marks a significant change in strength constraining the lower depth limit of the seismogenic zone. Dissolution‐precipitation creep (DPC) may play an importa…
View article: Strain Localization in Sandstone‐Derived Fault Gouges Under Conditions Relevant to Earthquake Nucleation
Strain Localization in Sandstone‐Derived Fault Gouges Under Conditions Relevant to Earthquake Nucleation Open
Constraining strain localization and the growth of shear fabrics within brittle fault zones at sub‐seismic slip rates is important for understanding fault strength and frictional stability. We conducted direct shear experiments on simulate…
View article: Interpretable Embedding of Laboratory Stick-Slip Acoustic Emission Time Series
Interpretable Embedding of Laboratory Stick-Slip Acoustic Emission Time Series Open
Laboratory stick-slip experiments are a simple analogue for the earthquake cycle. The acoustic emissions (AE) of these experiments have been shown to contain hidden patterns. Machine Learning (ML) can extract these patterns and information…
View article: Hydrothermal Alteration-Induced Weakening in Experimentally Deformed Fault Gouges
Hydrothermal Alteration-Induced Weakening in Experimentally Deformed Fault Gouges Open
In the granitoid crust, phyllosilicate-rich fault gouges are prevalent in mature fault zones undergoing hydrothermal alteration and often exhibit lower frictional strength compared to framework minerals (e.g., qtz, fds) under deformation a…
View article: Microstructural Characterization of Fault Rocks from the Groningen Gas Field
Microstructural Characterization of Fault Rocks from the Groningen Gas Field Open
Human activities in the subsurface such as geothermal energy production, CO2- and hydrogen storage, and gas extraction can affect the regional stress field and lead to induced seismicity. Gas production from the Groningen gas field in the …
View article: The Frictional Strength and Stability of Spatially Heterogeneous Fault gouges
The Frictional Strength and Stability of Spatially Heterogeneous Fault gouges Open
Along-fault lithological heterogeneity is observed in all fault zones that cross-cut compositional layering. Modelling studies of fault rupture nucleation, propagation and arrest often assume that the fault mechanical behaviour is governed…
View article: Fault weakening due to CO2-fluid-rock interaction &#8211; evidence from deformation experiments of carbonated serpentinites
Fault weakening due to CO2-fluid-rock interaction – evidence from deformation experiments of carbonated serpentinites Open
To assess the seismogenic potential of fault zones it is crucial to understand fluid-rock interactions in these zones, because alteration affects the fault strength and stability, as well as the deformation mechanisms.The San Andreas fault…
View article: Earthquake nucleation and slip behavior altered by stochastic normal stress heterogeneity
Earthquake nucleation and slip behavior altered by stochastic normal stress heterogeneity Open
Recent laboratory experiments exhibit varying nucleation locations with changing nucleation lengths. This could be caused by spatial variations in effective normal stress, due to its controlling influence on fault strength and fracture ene…
View article: The frictional strength and stability of spatially heterogeneous fault gouges
The frictional strength and stability of spatially heterogeneous fault gouges Open
Along-fault lithological heterogeneity is observed in all fault zones that cross-cut compositional layering. Numerical modelling studies on fault rupture nucleation, propagation and arrest often assume that the fault mechanical behaviour i…
View article: Frictional properties of natural granite fault gouge under hydrothermal conditions: A case study of strike-slip fault from Anninghe Fault zone, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Frictional properties of natural granite fault gouge under hydrothermal conditions: A case study of strike-slip fault from Anninghe Fault zone, southeastern Tibetan Plateau Open
The Anninghe Fault (ANHF) is a large left-lateral strike-slip fault in southwestern China, and it is one of the major seismogenic fault zones where several strong earthquakes happened in history with a high level of seismic potential. To u…
View article: Why induced earthquakes occur on conventionally stable faults: frictional healing explains
Why induced earthquakes occur on conventionally stable faults: frictional healing explains Open
Conventional studies suggest that faults in the shallow subsurface should be resistant to earthquake nucleation, because their frictional strength increases as slip accelerates. Yet, such faults frequently exhibit earthquakes induced by hu…
View article: Investigation of strain localization in sheared granular layers using 3-D discrete element modeling
Investigation of strain localization in sheared granular layers using 3-D discrete element modeling Open
In this work, we investigate slip localization in sheared granular faults at seismic velocities using 3-D numerical simulations with the discrete element method (DEM). An aggregate of non-destructive spherical particles is subjected to dir…
View article: Cathodoluminescence as a tracing technique for quartz precipitation in low velocity shear experiments
Cathodoluminescence as a tracing technique for quartz precipitation in low velocity shear experiments Open
View article: Frictional-viscous flow and the aseismic-seismic transition at shallow depths
Frictional-viscous flow and the aseismic-seismic transition at shallow depths Open
During the interseismic period of an earthquake cycle, creeping patches and locked asperities on crustal faults control the distribution of accumulated elastic strain and thus their seismic potential. Yet the frictional and frictional-visc…
View article: Reactivation envelopes of immature and mature faults of Dinantian carbonates targeted for geothermal energy
Reactivation envelopes of immature and mature faults of Dinantian carbonates targeted for geothermal energy Open
Human intervention in subsurface geoenergy systems, such as fluid injection, can lead to induced seismicity. Particularly in geothermal systems where faults or fractures serve as fluid pathways, fault reactivation is a significant risk. Th…
View article: Weakening of granitoid gouge in hydrothermal ring shear experiments
Weakening of granitoid gouge in hydrothermal ring shear experiments Open
Fault gouges of granitoid composition represent the principal non-cohesive tectonites within fault zones in the continental crust. The spatial distribution and strength of granitoid fault gouges is therefore crucial for understanding how w…