Andreas Halm
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Environmental Stability of the Contact Resistivity of Interconnects Based on Electrically Conductive Adhesives and its Correlation to Photovoltaic Module Power Loss under Accelerated Aging Testing† Open
This study presents a detailed evaluation of electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) in photovoltaic (PV) modules, focusing on their impact on module power loss under standard accelerated aging conditions used in industry. The study was e…
The effects of increasing filler loading on the contact resistivity of interconnects based on silver–epoxied conductive adhesives and silver metallization pastes Open
Our previous work highlighted how microscopic structural effects influence the sheet and contact resistance of electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs). Herein, we delve further by investigating how the contact and bulk resistivity of seve…
New approaches to edge passivation of laser cut PERC solar cells Open
Recently the development trend in the PV industry is towards much larger wafer formats. With increasing wafer area and the resulting increase in short-circuit current at the cell level, there is also a trend towards sub-cells (solar cell c…
View article: Overview of key results achieved in H2020 HighLite project helping to raise the EU PV industries' competitiveness
Overview of key results achieved in H2020 HighLite project helping to raise the EU PV industries' competitiveness Open
The EU crystalline silicon (c‐Si) PV manufacturing industry has faced strong foreign competition in the last decade. To strive in this competitive environment and differentiate itself from the competition, the EU c‐Si PV manufacturing indu…
Interdigitated Back Contact Technology as Final Evolution for Industrial Crystalline Single-Junction Silicon Solar Cell Open
We present our own Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) technology, which was developed at ISC Konstanz and implemented in mass production with and at SPIC Solar in Xining, China, with production efficiencies of over 24%. To our knowledge, th…
FEM simulation of deformations and stresses in strings of shingled solar cells under mechanical and thermal loading Open
Among several new module concepts and cell architectures, shingled solar cell interconnection is a promising technology to realize increased power output (higher power densities) by increased active cell area and low electrical losses. In …
Screen printable, non-fire-through copper paste applied as busbar metallization for back contact solar cells Open
In this work we metallize the busbars of n-type Zebra IBC cell with a low temperature curable copper based metallization paste. We show that the properties of Cu busbars such as line resistance are similar to comparable Ag based products, …
Contact resistivity of ECA bonded joints: How to extrapolate it? Open
Ohmic contacts are of great importance in the quality and reliability of electronic circuits and also in the photovoltaic field. To characterize the electrical performance of such contacts, the contact resistivity is a well-known figure of…
Contact resistivity of ECA bonded joints Open
The replacement of the traditional tin-lead solder to interconnect solar cells by using electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) has been under study for decades. Proof of concept has been demonstrated by shingling technology among other a…
Measuring and Mitigating Edge Recombination in Modules Employing Cut Cells Open
Power losses in solar cells and modules due to recombination at cut cell edges is a problem of increasing concern since many new and future module concepts use cut cells, and particularly as the PV industry moves to larger wafer formats. H…
Investigation on the Quality of Adhesive Joints of Shingled Solar Cells by Accelerated Lifetime Testing Open
Electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) interconnections between solar cells are gaining more and more relevance since they provide a solution to realize lead free, elastic bonds, which inflict low mechanical stress on the solar cells. Here…
Cell Design Optimization for Shingled Modules Open
In order to identify an optimum cell design in respect to cell width and corresponding front metallization finger grid design for cells used in shingled modules, simulations on the power output for cell stripes with varying width and front…
Method to Counter Warpage due to Stringing for Back Contact Solar Cells Open
In this study, ISC´s Zebra cells [1, 2] which are n-type interdigitated back contact solar cells are mechanically bent during ribbon attachment to counter cell warpage. Bending is done mechanically on a specially designed work table in opp…
Advances in the Development of a Novel Module Concept Based on Conductive Structures in the Encapsulation Material for Contacting Highly Efficient n-Type Back-Contact Solar Cells Open
The new functional encapsulation layer which is presented in this study, known as conduction path on encapsulant (CPOE), has the potential to interconnect high efficiency IBC solar cells. In our study, single cell demonstrator modules were…
Low Cost Semi Automated Assembly Unit for Small Size Back Contact Modules and Low Cost Interconnection Approach Open
We present our low cost assembly unit to manufacture back contact solar modules based on the conductive backsheet (CBS) approach. This in house developed apparatus was built to assemble test modules containing one up to four 6 inch back co…
Shade Performance of a Back-contact Module Assembled with Cells Featuring Soft Breakdown Characteristic Open
We investigate the shade performance of modules assembled with interdigitated-back-contact (IBC) cells that consist of abutted p+n+ regions on the rear side. Because of the soft breakdown characteristic of these cells, the shade performanc…
Results on Module Integration of IBC Solar Cells Based on the Conductive Backsheet Approach Open
We present here results on 60-cell modules assembled with 6 inch n-type interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells which were accomplished in close collaboration between ISC Konstanz, who developed an industrial process to fabricate IBC…