Explanipedia

Confidence signalling aids deception in strategic interactions Open

Briony D. Pulford, Marta Mangiarulo, Andrew M. Colman · 2025

When two people are motivated solely to coordinate their actions, but one is better informed than the other about how best to achieve this, confidence signalling can facilitate mutually rewarding choices, and the use of this so-called conf…

Persistence or decay of strategic asymmetric dominance in repeated dyadic games? Open

Andrew M. Colman, Briony D. Pulford, Alexander Crombie · 2024

In a dyadic game, strategic asymmetric dominance occurs when a player's preference for one strategy A relative to another B is systematically increased by the addition of a third strategy Z , strictly dominated by A but not by B . There ar…

Journals need to provide better guidance for victims of plagiarism Open

Andrew M. Colman, Tim Stokes, Carolyn Tarrant · 2024

Team reasoning cannot be viewed as a payoff transformation Open

Andrew M. Colman · 2022

In a recent article in this journal, Duijf claims to have proved that team reasoning can be viewed as a payoff transformation. His formalization mimics team reasoning but ignores its essential agency switch. The possibility of such a payof…

Does competitive winning increase subsequent cheating? Open

Andrew M. Colman, Briony D. Pulford, Caren A. Frosch, Marta Mangiarulo, Jeremy N. V. Miles · 2022

In this preregistered study, we attempted to replicate and substantially extend a frequently cited experiment by Schurr and Ritov, published in 2016, suggesting that winners of pairwise competitions are more likely than others to steal mon…

Prosociality in the social dilemma of antibiotic prescribing Open

Eva M. Krockow, Carolyn Tarrant, Andrew M. Colman · 2021

Antibiotic prescribing can be conceptualised as a social dilemma in which the overuse of antibiotics, to minimise immediate risks to individual patients, results in a sub-optimal outcome for society (antimicrobial resistance) and increased…

Investigating the failure to best respond in experimental games Open

Despoina Alempaki, Andrew M. Colman, Felix Koelle, Graham Loomes, Briony D. Pulford · 2021

We examine strategic sophistication using eight two-person 3 × 3 one-shot games. To facilitate strategic thinking, we design a ‘structured’ environment where subjects first assign subjective values to the payoff pairs and state their belie…

Drivers of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Overuse across Diverse Hospital Contexts—A Qualitative Study of Prescribers in the UK, Sri Lanka and South Africa Open

Carolyn Tarrant, Andrew M. Colman, David R. Jenkins, Edmund Chattoe‐Brown, Nelun Perera , et al. · 2021

Antimicrobial stewardship programs focus on reducing overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSAs), primarily through interventions to change prescribing behavior. This study aims to identify multi-level influences on BSA overuse across div…

Moral and Contextual Dimensions of “Inappropriate” Antibiotic Prescribing in Secondary Care: A Three-Country Interview Study Open

Carolyn Tarrant, Eva M. Krockow, Dilini Nakkawita, Michele Bolscher, Andrew M. Colman , et al. · 2020

Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics in secondary care is a key contributor to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); efforts are focused on minimizing antibiotic overuse as a crucial step toward containing the global…

Comparing Hypothetical and Real-Life Trolley Problems: Commentary on Bostyn, Sevenhant, and Roets (2018) Open

Andrew M. Colman, Natalie Gold, Briony D. Pulford · 2019

[First paragraph] The study by Bostyn, Sevenhant, and Roets (2018) was not the first to compare hypothetical and real-life trolley problems (see Gold, Colman, & Pulford, 2014; Gold, Pulford, & Colman, 2014, \n2015). Bostyn et al. changed t…

Medical prescribing and antibiotic resistance: A game-theoretic analysis of a potentially catastrophic social dilemma Open

Andrew M. Colman, Eva M. Krockow, Edmund Chattoe‐Brown, Carolyn Tarrant · 2019

The availability of antibiotics presents medical practitioners with a prescribing dilemma. On the one hand, antibiotics provide a safe and effective treatment option for patients with bacterial infections, but at a population level, over-p…

Optimizing antibiotic prescribing: collective approaches to managing a common-pool resource Open

Carolyn Tarrant, Andrew M. Colman, Edmund Chattoe‐Brown, David R. Jenkins, Shaheen Mehtar , et al. · 2019

We conclude that this theoretic analysis of antibiotic stewardship could make the problem of optimizing antibiotic prescribing more tractable, providing a theory base for intervention development.

Investigating the Failure to Best Respond in Experimental Games Open

Despoina Alempaki, Andrew M. Colman, Felix Kölle, Graham Loomes, Briony D. Pulford · 2019

The persuasive power of knowledge: Testing the confidence heuristic. Open

Briony D. Pulford, Andrew M. Colman, Eike Kofi Buabang, Eva M. Krockow · 2018

According to the confidence heuristic, people are confident when they know they are right, and their confidence makes them persuasive. Previous experiments have investigated the confidence-persuasiveness aspect of the heuristic but not the…

Balancing the risks to individual and society: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research on antibiotic prescribing behaviour in hospitals Open

Eva M. Krockow, Andrew M. Colman, Edmund Chattoe‐Brown, David R. Jenkins, Nelun Perera , et al. · 2018

Data for: Far but finite horizons promote cooperation in the Centipede game Open

Eva M. Krockow, Briony D. Pulford, Andrew M. Colman · 2018

Data for: Far but finite horizons promote cooperation in the Centipede game. The file contains all exit points in the four Conditions of the Centipede game, which were tested in the reported experiment.

Team Reasoning and the Rational Choice of Payoff-Dominant Outcomes in Games Open

Natalie Gold, Andrew M. Colman · 2018

Far but finite horizons promote cooperation in the Centipede game Open

Eva M. Krockow, Briony D. Pulford, Andrew M. Colman · 2018

Persistent cooperation and gender differences in repeated Prisoner's Dilemma games: Some things never change Open

Andrew M. Colman, Briony D. Pulford, Eva M. Krockow · 2018

Dynamic probability of reinforcement for cooperation: Random game termination in the centipede game Open

Eva M. Krockow, Andrew M. Colman, Briony D. Pulford · 2018

Experimental games have previously been used to study principles of human interaction. Many such games are characterized by iterated or repeated designs that model dynamic relationships, including reciprocal cooperation. To enable the stud…

Are some cultures less trusting than others? Open

Eva M. Krockow, Andrew M. Colman, Briony D. Pulford · 2018

[First paragraph] Nobel laureate Kenneth Arrow once described trust as a “lubricant of a social system”. Economic exchange, in particular, is virtually impossible without at least some level of trust. While markets, shops and online trader…

Incentive Magnitude Effects in Experimental Games: Bigger is not Necessarily Better Open

Briony D. Pulford, Andrew M. Colman, Graham Loomes · 2018

In experimental games, task-related incentives are payments to experimental subjects that vary according to their strategy choices and the consequent outcomes of the games. Limited evidence exists regarding incentive magnitude effects in e…

Altruism, collective rationality, and extreme self-sacrifice Open

Andrew M. Colman, Briony D. Pulford · 2018

Puzzlement about extreme self-sacrifice arises from an unarticulated assumption of psychological egoism, according to which people invariably act in their own self-interests. However, altruism and collective rationality are well establishe…

Commitment-enhancing tools in Centipede games: Evidencing European–Japanese differences in trust and cooperation Open

Eva M. Krockow, Masanori Takezawa, Briony D. Pulford, Andrew M. Colman, Samuel Smithers , et al. · 2018

Theories of trust distinguish general trust in situations of social uncertainty from assurance-based trust in committed, long-term relationships. This study investigates European-Japanese differences using the Centipede game, in which two …

Why is it nice to be nice? Solving Darwin’s puzzle of kindness Open

Eva M. Krockow, Andrew M. Colman, Briony D. Pulford · 2017

Team reasoning: Solving the puzzle of coordination Open

Andrew M. Colman, Natalie Gold · 2017

Why did Britain’s most prominent psychologist deny his Jewish heritage? Open

Andrew M. Colman, Caren A. Frosch · 2017

Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma Dataset Open

Andrew M. Colman, Briony D. Pulford, Eva M. Krockow · 2017

Dataset associated with the publication "Persistent Cooperation and Gender Differences in the Prisoner’s Dilemma: A Conceptual Replication"

Game Theory and Psychology Open

Andrew M. Colman, Eva M. Krockow · 2017

Game theory is a branch of decision theory focusing on interactive decisions, applicable whenever the actions of two or more decision makers jointly determine an outcome that affects them all. Strategic reasoning amounts to deciding how to…

Cooperation and Trust in Japanese and British Samples: Evidence From Incomplete Information Games Open

Eva M. Krockow, Masanori Takezawa, Briony D. Pulford, Andrew M. Colman, Toshimasa Kita · 2017

Most human relationships are characterized by reciprocal patterns of give-and-take that can be studied using a decision-making task called the Centipede game. The game involves 2 players alternating in choosing between cooperation and defe…

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