Andrew S. Westover
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View article: Is all lithium created equal? Effects of processing conditions on lithium microstructure and battery performance
Is all lithium created equal? Effects of processing conditions on lithium microstructure and battery performance Open
Despite growing interest in rechargeable lithium metal batteries, the influence of anode microstructure on battery performance is often overlooked. To address this knowledge gap, the present study employs a set of complementary techniques—…
View article: Alloying Interlayers for Anode‐Less Lithium‐Metal Polymer Batteries
Alloying Interlayers for Anode‐Less Lithium‐Metal Polymer Batteries Open
Anode‐less lithium‐metal batteries potentially offer further increased energy densities. However, the Coulombic efficiency (CE) of lithium plating and stripping, as a classical measure of Li inventory reversibility, is commonly still insuf…
View article: Thermal evaporation of thin Li films
Thermal evaporation of thin Li films Open
Thermal evaporation of lithium is considered a promising technique for the fabrication of clean lithium thin films for solid-state batteries. Here, we present a practical investigation of nanometer scale lithium films prepared by evaporati…
View article: Measuring the buried interphase between solid electrolytes and lithium metal using neutrons
Measuring the buried interphase between solid electrolytes and lithium metal using neutrons Open
Neutrons allow one to probe interfaces in next generation high-energy batteries including solid-state Li metal batteries. Understanding these interfaces is key to enabling these batteries to reach their potential.
View article: Electroanalytical Exploration of Li Loss at the Solid Electrolyte-Anode Interface in Anode-Free Batteries with Polymer Electrolytes
Electroanalytical Exploration of Li Loss at the Solid Electrolyte-Anode Interface in Anode-Free Batteries with Polymer Electrolytes Open
Li loss during cycling at the solid electrolyte∣anode interface strongly determines the cycle life of anode-free solid-state batteries (SSBs). Here, this loss is probed electroanalytically for polymer electrolyte (PE)-based SSBs in anode-f…
View article: Ionically conductive powders and films, and methods of preparation
Ionically conductive powders and films, and methods of preparation Open
A solid ionically conductive composition (e.g., nanoparticles of less than 1 micron or a continuous film) comprising at least one element selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, aluminum, zinc, copper, and silver in combination w…
View article: Thermo-mechanical characterization and stress engineering of Lipon solid electrolyte
Thermo-mechanical characterization and stress engineering of Lipon solid electrolyte Open
A high temperature multibeam-optical-stress sensor (HTMOSS) was used to characterize the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and yield stress of 1-micron thick Lipon films.
View article: Tracking the Initial Capacity Loss in Solid-State Batteries using in-situ Neutron Tomography and Raman Imaging
Tracking the Initial Capacity Loss in Solid-State Batteries using in-situ Neutron Tomography and Raman Imaging Open
Despite their high ionic conductivity and manufacturing advantages, sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes face challenges with initial capacity loss during full cell cycling. We use neutron computed tomography and radiography for in situ …
View article: Solid-state batteries: The critical role of mechanics
Solid-state batteries: The critical role of mechanics Open
Solid-state batteries with lithium metal anodes have the potential for higher energy density, longer lifetime, wider operating temperature, and increased safety. Although the bulk of the research has focused on improving transport kinetics…
View article: Single Ion Conducting Hairy Nanoparticle Additive to Improve Cycling Stability of Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Single Ion Conducting Hairy Nanoparticle Additive to Improve Cycling Stability of Solid Polymer Electrolytes Open
The development of a solid electrolyte that can impede dendrite growth while still maintaining an appropriate level of conductivity is essential for improving performance of solid-state Li-ion battery. In this paper, we report the synthesi…
View article: Structure‐mechanical properties correlation in bulk LiPON glass produced by nitridation of metaphosphate melts
Structure‐mechanical properties correlation in bulk LiPON glass produced by nitridation of metaphosphate melts Open
The glassy solid electrolyte Lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) has been widely researched in thin film solid state battery format due to its outstanding stability when cycled against lithium. In addition, recent reports show thin film…
View article: <i>In Situ</i> Measurement of Buried Electrolyte–Electrode Interfaces for Solid State Batteries with Nanometer Level Precision
<i>In Situ</i> Measurement of Buried Electrolyte–Electrode Interfaces for Solid State Batteries with Nanometer Level Precision Open
Many technologies including high-energy solid-state batteries rely on high quality solid–solid interfaces. Solid–solid interfaces are particularly difficult to study as their nature requires the interface to be buried. Here, in this work, …
View article: Medium-Range Ordering in the Ionic Glass Electrolytes LiPON and LiSiPON
Medium-Range Ordering in the Ionic Glass Electrolytes LiPON and LiSiPON Open
In this work, we provide an in-depth structural characterization of the amorphous ionic glasses LiPON and LiSiPON with high Li content. Based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the structure of these materials is an inverted stru…
View article: Benchmarking Solid-State Batteries Containing Sulfide Separators: Effects of Electrode Composition and Stack Pressure
Benchmarking Solid-State Batteries Containing Sulfide Separators: Effects of Electrode Composition and Stack Pressure Open
Integrating sulfide separators into solid-state batteries (SSBs) containing high energy cathodes typically requires one or more materials and engineering solutions including: (i) applying interfacial coatings to mitigate electrolyte decomp…
View article: Li Morphology Evolution during Initial Cycles in a Gel Composite Polymer Electrolyte
Li Morphology Evolution during Initial Cycles in a Gel Composite Polymer Electrolyte Open
Understanding and controlling lithium morphology evolution and lithium dendrite formation and growth during cycling is one of the key challenges for high-energy lithium metal batteries. This challenge applies to liquid electrolyte batterie…
View article: Comparing the Purity of Rolled versus Evaporated Lithium Metal Films Using X-ray Microtomography
Comparing the Purity of Rolled versus Evaporated Lithium Metal Films Using X-ray Microtomography Open
Here, we present a comparison of lithium metal films produced via rolling and thermal evaporation using synchrotron hard X-ray microtomography. In past studies of rolled lithium metal foils, a large number of C, O, and N impurities were fo…
View article: A Bilayer Electrolyte Design to Enable High-Areal-Capacity Composite Cathodes in Polymer Electrolytes Based Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
A Bilayer Electrolyte Design to Enable High-Areal-Capacity Composite Cathodes in Polymer Electrolytes Based Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Open
High-areal-capacity cathodes are needed for energy-dense solid-state batteries. Here, we demonstrate a bilayer polymer electrolyte design for cycling 3–6 mAh/cm2 NMC811 composite cathodes. In this work, the bilayer electrolyte comprises a …
View article: Effect of Composition on Mechanical Properties and Conductivity of the Dual-Ion Conductor Na<sub>1+<i>x</i></sub>Mn<sub><i>x</i>/2</sub>Zr<sub>2–<i>x</i>/2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> for Solid-State Batteries
Effect of Composition on Mechanical Properties and Conductivity of the Dual-Ion Conductor Na<sub>1+<i>x</i></sub>Mn<sub><i>x</i>/2</sub>Zr<sub>2–<i>x</i>/2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> for Solid-State Batteries Open
Here we report the dependence of mechanical properties and ionic conductivity of the Na1+xMnx/2Zr2–x/2(PO4)3 (designated as NMZP) ionic conductor on its composition (with x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0). Local mechanics was studied by instrume…
View article: Practical Considerations for Testing Polymer Electrolytes for High-Energy Solid-State Batteries
Practical Considerations for Testing Polymer Electrolytes for High-Energy Solid-State Batteries Open
Polymer electrolytes are an important class of materials in enabling solid-state batteries, which have the potential to exceed 400 Wh/kg energy density. Despite significant advancements in their lithium-ion transport and mechanical propert…
View article: Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-Metal-Based All-Solid-State Batteries
Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-Metal-Based All-Solid-State Batteries Open
Solid-state batteries utilizing Li metal anodes have the potential to enable improved performance (specific energy >500 Wh/kg, energy density >1500 Wh/L), safety, recyclability, and potentially lower cost (<$100/kWh) compared to advanced L…
View article: Single‐Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Solid‐State Lithium–Metal Batteries: Design, Performance, and Challenges
Single‐Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Solid‐State Lithium–Metal Batteries: Design, Performance, and Challenges Open
Realizing solid‐state lithium batteries with higher energy density and enhanced safety compared to the conventional liquid lithium‐ion batteries is one of the primary research and development goals set for next‐generation batteries in this…
View article: Robustness of the remanent magnetic domain pattern formation and associated stripe-bubble transitions in Co/Pt multilayers against field sequencing
Robustness of the remanent magnetic domain pattern formation and associated stripe-bubble transitions in Co/Pt multilayers against field sequencing Open
Thin ferromagnetic [Co/Pt] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy exhibit a variety of nanoscopic magnetic domain patterns at remanence, from long interlaced stripes to lattices of bubbles, depending on the multilayer structure…
View article: Challenges for and Pathways Toward Solid-State Batteries
Challenges for and Pathways Toward Solid-State Batteries Open
Solid-state batteries utilizing lithium metal anodes have the potential to enable batteries with a specific energy of >500 Wh/kg and an energy density of >1,500 Wh/L for thousands of cycles. When optimized they will improve the energy effi…
View article: Electroanalytical Measurement of Interphase Formation at a Li Metal–Solid Electrolyte Interface
Electroanalytical Measurement of Interphase Formation at a Li Metal–Solid Electrolyte Interface Open
The interphase between Li metal and solid electrolytes dictates performance in Li metal batteries. For the solid electrolyte Lipon, in this study we electroanalytically measure a capacity loss of 1.03 ± 0.16 μAh/cm2 when Lipon first contac…
View article: Challenges in Lithium Metal Anodes for Solid-State Batteries
Challenges in Lithium Metal Anodes for Solid-State Batteries Open
In this Perspective, we highlight recent progress and challenges related to the integration of lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries. While prior reports have suggested that solid electrolytes may be impermeable to lithium metal, t…