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View article: Population-Based Viral Antibody Profiles of Preschool Children in Burkina Faso
Population-Based Viral Antibody Profiles of Preschool Children in Burkina Faso Open
Virus-associated infections remain a major burden of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. This exploratory, population-based study used programmable phage immunoprecipitation and sequencing to simultaneously evaluate th…
View article: Effect of Biannual Azithromycin Distribution to Infants on Community Gut Resistome and Microbiome: A Cluster-Randomized, Controlled Trial
Effect of Biannual Azithromycin Distribution to Infants on Community Gut Resistome and Microbiome: A Cluster-Randomized, Controlled Trial Open
Biannual azithromycin administration to preschool children in sub-Saharan Africa improved childhood mortality but selected for antibiotic resistance (AMR). WHO guidelines recommended focusing treatment on infants ages 1–11 months old to re…
View article: Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distributions for Preschool Children and Malaria Parasitemia
Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distributions for Preschool Children and Malaria Parasitemia Open
Importance Mass azithromycin distributions may reduce malaria parasitemia in the short term, but longer-term effectiveness is unclear. Objective To examine whether biannual mass azithromycin distributions are associated with lower rates of…
View article: Macrolide and non-macrolide resistance after 36 months of mass azithromycin distribution in Burkina Faso: A cluster randomized trial
Macrolide and non-macrolide resistance after 36 months of mass azithromycin distribution in Burkina Faso: A cluster randomized trial Open
Background Biannual mass azithromycin distribution to children aged 1-59 months reduces all-cause child mortality but is known to select for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ongoing surveillanc…
View article: Weather, Air Pollution, and Seasonality: Predictors of Pathogen-Associated Conjunctivitis Outbreaks in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Weather, Air Pollution, and Seasonality: Predictors of Pathogen-Associated Conjunctivitis Outbreaks in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Open
Conjunctivitis outbreaks can herald pandemics. However, their relationships with weather and air pollution factors are not well understood. Kathmandu in Nepal has defined wet–dry seasons and lies in a bowl-shaped valley that traps air poll…
View article: Cost-effectiveness of adding measurement of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and serology to trachoma prevalence surveys in Tanzania and Mozambique
Cost-effectiveness of adding measurement of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and serology to trachoma prevalence surveys in Tanzania and Mozambique Open
Background Accurate methods to measure trachoma prevalence are critical to monitor progress and guide mass drug administration as countries near elimination. Currently, countries conduct trachoma prevalence surveys via clinical examination…
View article: Spillover of Azithromycin Mass Drug Administration and Child Survival
Spillover of Azithromycin Mass Drug Administration and Child Survival Open
Importance World Health Organization guidelines on azithromycin mass drug administration for child survival target infants aged 1 to 11 months, although prior studies included those aged 1 to 59 months. The AVENIR trial suggested that infa…
View article: Azithromycin as adjunctive treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (AMOUR): study protocol for a double-masked randomised controlled trial
Azithromycin as adjunctive treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (AMOUR): study protocol for a double-masked randomised controlled trial Open
Introduction Amoxicillin is recommended for children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, some trials have shown no difference in amoxicillin for nutritional recovery in children with SAM compared with placebo. In a…
View article: Azithromycin mass drug administration to reduce child mortality in Niger (AVENIR II): a master protocol for a cluster-randomized adaptive platform trial to evaluate community-based health interventions
Azithromycin mass drug administration to reduce child mortality in Niger (AVENIR II): a master protocol for a cluster-randomized adaptive platform trial to evaluate community-based health interventions Open
Background. Trials have demonstrated that azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) to children 1-59 months old reduces mortality, but increases antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The World Health Organization recommends that programs inclu…
View article: Malaria Parasitemia after Mass Distribution of Azithromycin to Prevent Child Mortality in Burkina Faso: Results from a Cluster Randomized Trial
Malaria Parasitemia after Mass Distribution of Azithromycin to Prevent Child Mortality in Burkina Faso: Results from a Cluster Randomized Trial Open
The twice-yearly mass distribution of azithromycin to children aged 1–59 months reduces all-cause child mortality. It has been suggested in some studies that mass azithromycin distributions may reduce malaria mortality and parasitemia; how…
View article: Understanding the pathogenesis of uveitis in Ebola virus disease survivors: a study protocol for clinical, molecular virologic, and immunologic characterization
Understanding the pathogenesis of uveitis in Ebola virus disease survivors: a study protocol for clinical, molecular virologic, and immunologic characterization Open
The 2013-2016 Western African outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), the largest recorded outbreak since the discovery of Ebola virus (EBOV) in 1976, destabilized local health systems and left thousands of survivors at risk for post-ac…
View article: Use of Large Language Models to Classify Epidemiological Characteristics in Synthetic and Real-World Social Media Posts About Conjunctivitis Outbreaks: Infodemiology Study
Use of Large Language Models to Classify Epidemiological Characteristics in Synthetic and Real-World Social Media Posts About Conjunctivitis Outbreaks: Infodemiology Study Open
Background The use of web-based search and social media can help identify epidemics, potentially earlier than clinical methods or even potentially identifying unreported outbreaks. Monitoring for eye-related epidemics, such as conjunctivit…
View article: A Distinguishable Peripheral Blood and Conjunctival Transcriptome and Gut Microbiome in Sjögren's Disease: A Pilot Study
A Distinguishable Peripheral Blood and Conjunctival Transcriptome and Gut Microbiome in Sjögren's Disease: A Pilot Study Open
Objective: To create a comprehensive multi-tissue molecular atlas of Sjögren's disease by using unbiased RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peripheral blood and conjunctival transcriptomes, and to character…
View article: Long‐Term Survival and Prognostic Factors of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Following Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Long‐Term Survival and Prognostic Factors of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Following Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Open
Background/Aims This study presents a detailed analysis of long‐term survival and critical factors influencing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and transarterial chemoembo…
View article: Malaria parasitemia after mass distribution of azithromycin to prevent child mortality in Burkina Faso: results from a cluster randomized trial
Malaria parasitemia after mass distribution of azithromycin to prevent child mortality in Burkina Faso: results from a cluster randomized trial Open
Twice-yearly mass distribution of azithromycin to children aged 1-59 months reduces all-cause child mortality. Some studies have suggested that mass azithromycin distributions may reduce malaria mortality and parasitemia, however these stu…
View article: Diversification of an emerging bacterial plant pathogen; insights into the global spread of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans
Diversification of an emerging bacterial plant pathogen; insights into the global spread of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans Open
Emerging and re-emerging plant diseases continue to present multifarious threats to global food security. Considerable recent efforts are therefore being channeled towards understanding the nature of pathogen emergence, their spread and ev…
View article: Comparison of antimicrobial resistance genes on the ocular surface of patients with corneal infections in California and Malawi
Comparison of antimicrobial resistance genes on the ocular surface of patients with corneal infections in California and Malawi Open
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants on the ocular surface may contribute to poor treatment responses. Methods An exploratory comparative analysis of ocular surface AMR determinants, as determined by RNA-sequencing (RNA-s…
View article: Seroepidemiology of trachoma in a low prevalence region receiving annual mass azithromycin distribution in Maradi, Niger
Seroepidemiology of trachoma in a low prevalence region receiving annual mass azithromycin distribution in Maradi, Niger Open
Background Trachoma programs use the indicator trachomatous inflammation-—follicular (TF) to monitor indication for and response to treatment for trachoma at the district level. Alternative indicators, including serologic markers, are incr…
View article: Electroacupuncture Mitigates TRPV1 Overexpression in the Central Nervous System Associated with Fibromyalgia in Mice
Electroacupuncture Mitigates TRPV1 Overexpression in the Central Nervous System Associated with Fibromyalgia in Mice Open
Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic pain, significantly affecting the quality of life and functional capabilities of patients. In addition to pain, patients may experience insomnia, chronic fatigue, depression, anxiet…
View article: Ongoing transmission of trachoma in low prevalence districts in Mozambique: results from four cross-sectional enhanced impact surveys, 2022
Ongoing transmission of trachoma in low prevalence districts in Mozambique: results from four cross-sectional enhanced impact surveys, 2022 Open
Mozambique is making progress towards elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, but in some districts trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) prevalence remains above the 5% elimination threshold despite years of various interv…
View article: Azithromycin to Reduce Mortality — An Adaptive Cluster-Randomized Trial
Azithromycin to Reduce Mortality — An Adaptive Cluster-Randomized Trial Open
Azithromycin distributions to children 1 to 59 months of age significantly reduced mortality and was more effective than treatment of infants 1 to 11 months of age. Antimicrobial resistance must be monitored. (Funded by the Bill and Melind…
View article: Association of Weather Variables With Pathogens Contributing to Conjunctivitis Worldwide
Association of Weather Variables With Pathogens Contributing to Conjunctivitis Worldwide Open
Purpose To identify weather variables associated with pathogens contributing to infectious conjunctivitis globally. Methods Sample collection and pathogen identification from patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis was performed from…
View article: Deep sequencing as a diagnostic tool in patients with suspected primary vitreoretinal lymphoma
Deep sequencing as a diagnostic tool in patients with suspected primary vitreoretinal lymphoma Open
Purpose To compare the diagnostic utility of metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS) to cytology, flow cytometry and gene rearrangement by PCR in ocular samples of patients with suspected vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). Methods Patients with suspe…
View article: Use of Large Language Models to Classify Epidemiological Characteristics in Synthetic and Real-World Social Media Posts About Conjunctivitis Outbreaks: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Use of Large Language Models to Classify Epidemiological Characteristics in Synthetic and Real-World Social Media Posts About Conjunctivitis Outbreaks: Infodemiology Study (Preprint) Open
BACKGROUND The use of web-based search and social media can help identify epidemics, potentially earlier than clinical methods or even potentially identifying unreported outbreaks. Monitoring for eye-related epidemics, such as conjunctivi…
View article: Etiologies of Infectious Keratitis in Malawi
Etiologies of Infectious Keratitis in Malawi Open
Infectious keratitis is a leading cause of corneal blindness worldwide with little information known about causative etiologies in Malawi, Africa. This area is resource-limited with ophthalmologist and microbiology services. The Department…
View article: Neonatal Azithromycin Exposure and Childhood Growth: Long-Term Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Neonatal Azithromycin Exposure and Childhood Growth: Long-Term Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial Open
Single-dose azithromycin is being considered by the WHO as an intervention for prevention of child mortality. However, concerns have emerged related to longer term unintended consequences of early life antibiotic use, particularly among in…
View article: Bacillus coagulans-associated severe necrotizing scleral infection
Bacillus coagulans-associated severe necrotizing scleral infection Open
This case demonstrates the utility of unbiased, high-throughput sequencing for infectious scleritis.
View article: Assessment of Spillover of Antimicrobial Resistance to Untreated Children 7–12 Years Old After Mass Drug Administration of Azithromycin for Child Survival in Niger: A Secondary Analysis of the MORDOR Cluster-Randomized Trial
Assessment of Spillover of Antimicrobial Resistance to Untreated Children 7–12 Years Old After Mass Drug Administration of Azithromycin for Child Survival in Niger: A Secondary Analysis of the MORDOR Cluster-Randomized Trial Open
Background The risk of antibiotic resistance is complicated by the potential for spillover effects from one treated population to another. Azithromycin mass drug administration programs report higher rates of antibiotic resistance among tr…