Anna Kelbert
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View article: Mapping a Carrington Storm
Mapping a Carrington Storm Open
A map is presented of median 1‐min‐resolution peak geoelectric‐field strength across the United States as would be induced by magnetic storms as intense as the 2 September 1859 Carrington storm. The map is constructed from two data sets: M…
View article: The Impact of the May 1921 Superstorm on American Telecommunication Systems
The Impact of the May 1921 Superstorm on American Telecommunication Systems Open
A compilation is presented of impacts (interference and damage) realized on long‐line telegraph and telephone systems across North America during the 13–16 May 1921 magnetic storm. Impacts occurred primarily during local nighttime, after t…
View article: The magnetotelluric array project and a high-resolution electrical conductivity model compilation for the contiguous United States
The magnetotelluric array project and a high-resolution electrical conductivity model compilation for the contiguous United States Open
In its 18-year lifetime, the United States Magnetotelluric Array (USMTArray) has acquired more than 1,700 long-period magnetotelluric (MT) stations covering the entirety of the contiguous United States. Funding from multiple federal agenci…
View article: Enhancing Geoscience Collaboration and Discovery: Leveraging the Science Explorer (SciX) for Efficient Literature Review and Interdisciplinary Research
Enhancing Geoscience Collaboration and Discovery: Leveraging the Science Explorer (SciX) for Efficient Literature Review and Interdisciplinary Research Open
The Science Explorer (SciX) digital library is a cutting-edge solution designed to address the growing complexity of accessing, evaluating, and synthesizing the expanding body of literature in Earth and environmental sciences. While the Ea…
View article: Multi‐Scale Intense Geoelectric and Geomagnetic Field Perturbations Observed After an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Turning
Multi‐Scale Intense Geoelectric and Geomagnetic Field Perturbations Observed After an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Turning Open
Intense geoelectric fields during geomagnetic storms generate geomagnetically induced currents in power grids and other infrastructure, necessitating an understanding of their causes, for example, through coordinated space and ground obser…
View article: Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of theEMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 andmt_metadata
Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of theEMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 andmt_metadata Open
Kappler et al., (2024). Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of the EMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 and mt_metadata. Journal of Open Source Software, 9(100), 6832, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06832
View article: The March 1940 Superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic Hazards and Impacts on American Communication and Power Systems
The March 1940 Superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic Hazards and Impacts on American Communication and Power Systems Open
An analysis is made of geophysical records of the 24 March 1940, magnetic storm and related reports of interference on long‐line communication and power systems across the contiguous United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada. Most long…
View article: Estimating Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Southern Brazil Using 3‐D Earth Resistivity Model
Estimating Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Southern Brazil Using 3‐D Earth Resistivity Model Open
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) result from the interaction of the time variation of ground magnetic field during a geomagnetic disturbance with the Earth's deep electrical resistivity structure. In this study, we simulate induced …
View article: Paraná Basin 3-D conductivity model
Paraná Basin 3-D conductivity model Open
This data product includes Magnetotelluric (MT) and Geomagnetic Deep Sounding (GDS) datasets from the Parnaíba Basin, which are used for data analysis in ModEM. The 3-D resistivity model (Parana3D_res__NLCG_077.rho) and impedance tensors (…
View article: Paraná Basin 3-D conductivity model
Paraná Basin 3-D conductivity model Open
This data product includes Magnetotelluric (MT) and Geomagnetic Deep Sounding (GDS) datasets from the Parnaíba Basin, which are used for data analysis in ModEM. The 3-D resistivity model (Parana3D_res__NLCG_077.rho) and impedance tensors (…
View article: Geoelectric constraints on the Precambrian assembly and architecture of southern Laurentia
Geoelectric constraints on the Precambrian assembly and architecture of southern Laurentia Open
Using images from an updated and expanded three-dimensional electrical conductivity synthesis model for the contiguous United States (CONUS), we highlight the key continent-scale geoelectric structures that are associated with the Precambr…
View article: Mapping a Magnetic Superstorm: March 1989 Geoelectric Hazards and Impacts on United States Power Systems
Mapping a Magnetic Superstorm: March 1989 Geoelectric Hazards and Impacts on United States Power Systems Open
A study is made of the relations between geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation, Earth‐surface impedance, and operational interference (“anomalies”) experienced on electric‐power systems across the contiguous United States during the …
View article: Characteristics and Sources of Intense Geoelectric Fields in the United States: Comparative Analysis of Multiple Geomagnetic Storms
Characteristics and Sources of Intense Geoelectric Fields in the United States: Comparative Analysis of Multiple Geomagnetic Storms Open
Intense geoelectric fields during geomagnetic storms drive geomagnetically induced currents in power grids and other infrastructure, yet there are limited direct measurements of these storm‐time geoelectric fields. Moreover, most previous …
View article: Event list for intense geoelectric fields identified from EarthScope sites during geomagnetic storms
Event list for intense geoelectric fields identified from EarthScope sites during geomagnetic storms Open
This data set contains properties of intense geoelectric field events identified from 24 EarthScope sites during geomagnetic storms with Dst minima of less than - 100 nT from 2006 to 2019. Columns are the name of EarthScope site that detec…
View article: Event list for intense geoelectric fields identified from EarthScope sites during geomagnetic storms
Event list for intense geoelectric fields identified from EarthScope sites during geomagnetic storms Open
This data set contains properties of intense geoelectric field events identified from 24 EarthScope sites during geomagnetic storms with Dst minima of less than - 100 nT from 2006 to 2019. Columns are the name of EarthScope site that detec…
View article: Down to Earth With Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse: Realistic Surface Impedance Affects Mapping of the E3 Geoelectric Hazard
Down to Earth With Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse: Realistic Surface Impedance Affects Mapping of the E3 Geoelectric Hazard Open
An analysis is made of Earth‐surface geoelectric fields and voltages on electricity transmission power‐grids induced by a late‐phase E3 nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A hypothetical scenario is considered of an explosion of several h…
View article: Fluid Transport and Storage in the Cascadia Forearc inferred from Magnetotelluric Data
Fluid Transport and Storage in the Cascadia Forearc inferred from Magnetotelluric Data Open
Subduction of hydrated oceanic lithosphere can carry water deep into the Earth, with important consequences for a range of tectonic and magmatic processes. Most fluid is released at relatively shallow depths in the forearc where it is thou…
View article: Magnetotelluric Sampling and Geoelectric Hazard Estimation: Are National‐Scale Surveys Sufficient?
Magnetotelluric Sampling and Geoelectric Hazard Estimation: Are National‐Scale Surveys Sufficient? Open
At present, the most reliable information for inferring storm‐time ground electric fields along electrical transmission lines comes from coarsely sampled, national‐scale magnetotelluric (MT) data sets, such as that provided by the EarthSco…
View article: Sources of hazardous geoelectric fields in the United States during magnetic storms
Sources of hazardous geoelectric fields in the United States during magnetic storms Open
<p>Geomagnetic perturbations related to various phenomena in the near-Earth space environment can induce electric fields within the electrically conducting Earth. The geoelectric field is an important link between magnetospheric/iono…
View article: Simultaneous Observations of Geoelectric and Geomagnetic Fields Produced by Magnetospheric ULF Waves
Simultaneous Observations of Geoelectric and Geomagnetic Fields Produced by Magnetospheric ULF Waves Open
Geomagnetic perturbations ( B G E O ) related to magnetospheric ultralow frequency (ULF) waves induce electric fields within the conductive Earth—geoelectric fields ( E G E O )—that in turn drive geomagnetically induced currents. Though nu…
View article: Modified GIC Estimation Using 3‐D Earth Conductivity
Modified GIC Estimation Using 3‐D Earth Conductivity Open
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are quasi‐direct current (DC) electric currents that flow in technological conductors during geomagnetic storms. Extreme GICs are hazardous to man‐made infrastructure. GICs enter and exit the technol…
View article: A 100‐year Geoelectric Hazard Analysis for the U.S. High‐Voltage Power Grid
A 100‐year Geoelectric Hazard Analysis for the U.S. High‐Voltage Power Grid Open
A once‐per‐century geoelectric hazard map is created for the U.S. high‐voltage power grid. A statistical extrapolation from 31 years of magnetic field measurements is made by identifying 84 geomagnetic storms with the Kp and Dst indices. D…
View article: Fostering resource integration: EarthCube Resource Registry
Fostering resource integration: EarthCube Resource Registry Open
The EarthCube Registry is intended to provide geoscientists answers to questions like:"How can EarthCube help me?" "What tools work with the data set I need to use?”“What EarthCube software components can I use to get my application workin…
View article: Geomagnetism Program research plan, 2020–2024
Geomagnetism Program research plan, 2020–2024 Open
First posted September 11, 2020 For additional information, contact: Director, Geologic Hazards Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyBox 25046, MS 966Denver, CO 80225 The Geomagnetism Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitors ge…
View article: The Role of Global/Regional Earth Conductivity Models in Natural Geomagnetic Hazard Mitigation
The Role of Global/Regional Earth Conductivity Models in Natural Geomagnetic Hazard Mitigation Open
Geomagnetic disturbances cause perturbations in the Earth’s magnetic field which, by the principle of electromagnetic induction, in turn cause electric currents to flow in the Earth. These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) also enter…
View article: EMTF XML: New data interchange format and conversion tools for electromagnetic transfer functions
EMTF XML: New data interchange format and conversion tools for electromagnetic transfer functions Open
Initial processing of magnetotelluric (MT) data collected at a site results in a small data file that defines the MT transfer functions (MT TFs) or variants at a discrete set of frequencies. Although not data intensive, the TF represents a…
View article: Fostering Resource Integration: EarthCube Resource Registry
Fostering Resource Integration: EarthCube Resource Registry Open
The EarthCube Registry is intended to provide geoscientists answers to questions like:"How can EarthCube help me?" "What tools work with the data set I need to use?”“What EarthCube software components can I use to get my application workin…
View article: Extreme‐Value Geoelectric Amplitude and Polarization Across the Northeast United States
Extreme‐Value Geoelectric Amplitude and Polarization Across the Northeast United States Open
Maps are presented of extreme‐value geoelectric field amplitude and horizontal polarization for the Northeast United States. These maps are derived from geoelectric time series calculated for sites across the Northeast by frequency‐domain …