Annabel Erulkar
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View article: Wages withheld, deferred or deflected: The case of child domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Wages withheld, deferred or deflected: The case of child domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Open
Background: Most studies of child domestic workers highlight extreme hardship, abuse and exploitation. Few studies have examined the dynamics of wages/payments among young domestic workers. Objective: The objective is to explore the dynami…
View article: Selam Medirashachin (Safe Arrival) Project: Addressing the risk of trafficking, violence, and sexual abuse among newly arriving migrant girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Selam Medirashachin (Safe Arrival) Project: Addressing the risk of trafficking, violence, and sexual abuse among newly arriving migrant girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Open
View article: Young female migrants and job placement brokers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Young female migrants and job placement brokers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Open
Introduction Rates of urbanization in Ethiopia are high and adolescent girls and young women are predominant among those who move from rural to urban areas. Young women frequently undertake rural-urban migration on their own or with a frie…
View article: Accidental traffickers: qualitative findings on labour recruitment in Ethiopia
Accidental traffickers: qualitative findings on labour recruitment in Ethiopia Open
Background The growth of labour migration and associated risks of human trafficking and exploitation remain significant global human rights and health challenges. There is increasing policy interest in addressing structural determinants of…
View article: Accidental traffickers: Qualitative findings on labour recruitment in Ethiopia
Accidental traffickers: Qualitative findings on labour recruitment in Ethiopia Open
Background The growth of labour migration and associated risks of human trafficking and exploitation remain significant global human rights and health challenges. There is increasing policy interest in addressing structural determinants of…
View article: Chapter 10 Th e Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Child Domestic Workers in Ethiopia
Chapter 10 Th e Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Child Domestic Workers in Ethiopia Open
BackgroundChild domestic work, the most common form of child labor globally, is considered a kind of modern-day slavery (Black 2002; UNICEF 1999).Th ere are an estimated 17.2 million child domestic workers in the world, and the vast majori…
View article: Factors associated with depression among young female migrants in Ethiopia
Factors associated with depression among young female migrants in Ethiopia Open
Background Mental health disorders represent a significant share of disease burden for adolescents and young people and depression is among the leading causes of morbidity within this age group. With rural-urban migration increasing in man…
View article: Migrant Women’s Health and Safety: Why Do Ethiopian Women Choose Irregular Migration to the Middle East for Domestic Work?
Migrant Women’s Health and Safety: Why Do Ethiopian Women Choose Irregular Migration to the Middle East for Domestic Work? Open
Background: Low-wage labour migration is an increasing determinant of global health, associated with risks of exploitation, abuse, and unsafe conditions. Despite efforts to prevent irregular migration and initiatives to warn individuals of…
View article: What Influences Girls' Age at Marriage in Burkina Faso and Tanzania? Exploring the Contribution of Individual, Household, and Community Level Factors
What Influences Girls' Age at Marriage in Burkina Faso and Tanzania? Exploring the Contribution of Individual, Household, and Community Level Factors Open
Findings indicate that child marriage among girls is shaped by a combination of factors at multiple levels and that the weight of influencing factors varies by context. At the household level, parental relationships were influential in bot…
View article: Uniting for adolescents in covid-19 and beyond
Uniting for adolescents in covid-19 and beyond Open
The current generation of adolescents is the largest ever, with 1.2 billion people aged 10-19 years worldwide. They are at risk of inheriting a world blighted by climate change and scarred by covid-19. Although they have been spared the mo…
View article: Designing and Evaluating Scalable Child Marriage Prevention Programs in Burkina Faso and Tanzania: A Quasi-Experiment and Costing Study
Designing and Evaluating Scalable Child Marriage Prevention Programs in Burkina Faso and Tanzania: A Quasi-Experiment and Costing Study Open
The study demonstrates that minimal, low-cost approaches can be effective in delaying child marriage and increasing school attendance. However, community dialogues need to be designed to ensure sufficient quality and intensity of messaging…
View article: Characteristics of brokers in relation to the migration of girls and young women in Ethiopia
Characteristics of brokers in relation to the migration of girls and young women in Ethiopia Open
This research brief focuses on brokers in Ethiopia—both licensed and unlicensed—who place migrating girls into jobs such as domestic work, waitressing, and commercial sex work. The characteristics of brokers, their contacts, ways of workin…
View article: Domestic work, sexual abuse, and exploitation in Tanzania
Domestic work, sexual abuse, and exploitation in Tanzania Open
Domestic work is characterized by excessive working hours, extremely low pay or no pay at all, and conditions that make the profession exploitive in many cases. Evidence is emerging that domestic work is a feeder profession for sex work. O…
View article: Achieving Gender Equality Requires Placing Adolescents at the Center
Achieving Gender Equality Requires Placing Adolescents at the Center Open
Today, there are 1.8 billion young people aged 10–24 years or one quarter of the world's population, 86% of whom live in low- and middle-income countries [[1]UNFPA Motherhood in childhood: Facing the challenge of adolescent pregnancy, stat…
View article: Prévention du mariage d’enfants dans la région de l’Est, Burkina Faso
Prévention du mariage d’enfants dans la région de l’Est, Burkina Faso Open
En collaboration avec la Direction Provinciale de la Femme, de la Solidarité Nationale et de la Famille du Burkina Faso et des partenaires communautaires de la région orientale du Burkina Faso, le Projet Evidence a mis à l'échelle des appr…
View article: MarriedAdolescentsandFamilyPlanninginRuralEthiopia: Understanding Barriers and Opportunities
MarriedAdolescentsandFamilyPlanninginRuralEthiopia: Understanding Barriers and Opportunities Open
Large numbers of girls in the developing world are married before age 18, an estimated 100 million girls in the next decade. It is assumed that newly married girls are under pressure to have children early in marriage. However, there is in…
View article: Stigma as a barrier to family planning use among married youth in Ethiopia
Stigma as a barrier to family planning use among married youth in Ethiopia Open
Nearly 33 million female youths have an unmet need for voluntary family planning (FP), meaning they are sexually active and do not want to become pregnant. In Ethiopia, age at marriage remains low: 40% and 14% of young women aged 20–24 wer…
View article: Migration and child domestic work: Evidence from Ethiopia
Migration and child domestic work: Evidence from Ethiopia Open
Domestic work is frequently the initial survival strategy for rural Ethiopian girls migrating to urban areas. Following migration from rural areas, most girls enter the workforce as domestic workers, because it is a readily available form …
View article: Child domestic work and transitions to commercial sexual exploitation: Evidence from Ethiopia
Child domestic work and transitions to commercial sexual exploitation: Evidence from Ethiopia Open
There are an estimated 17.2 million child domestic workers in the world, and the vast majority are girls. Domestic work keeps children out of school, confined to the home, socially isolated, and burdened with excessive domestic duties. Fur…
View article: The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in rural Tanzania
The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in rural Tanzania Open
The negative impact of child marriage, frequently prevalent in rural locations of poor countries, spans health, development, and demographic consequences. While evidence is limited, a systematic review of child marriage interventions in de…
View article: The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in rural Burkina Faso
The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in rural Burkina Faso Open
The negative impact of child marriage, frequently prevalent in rural locations of poor countries, spans health, development, and demographic consequences. While evidence is limited, a systematic review of child marriage interventions in de…
View article: The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in three African settings
The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in three African settings Open
Girls in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by child marriage; by 2050, half of the girls married during childhood will reside in Africa. The negative consequences of the practice are numerous and powerful, spanning health,…
View article: Using data to target and scale-up girls' support programs and child marriage prevention
Using data to target and scale-up girls' support programs and child marriage prevention Open
Though child marriage is declining globally, it is estimated that over 100 million girls under age 18 will be married in the next decade. A 2012 review of child marriage interventions in developing countries found that the most effective a…
View article: The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in rural Ethiopia
The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in rural Ethiopia Open
The negative impact of child marriage, frequently prevalent in rural locations of poor countries, spans health, development, and demographic consequences. While evidence is limited, a systematic review of child marriage interventions in de…
View article: The journey of out-of-school girls in Ethiopia: Examining migration, livelihoods, and HIV
The journey of out-of-school girls in Ethiopia: Examining migration, livelihoods, and HIV Open
Rates of urbanization in Ethiopia are increasing, and based on available data, HIV prevalence among urban girls who are in-migrants is significantly higher than among girls who are native to the area. Likewise, a significant number of out-…
View article: Understanding adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health-seeking behaviors in Ethiopia: Implications for youth friendly service programming
Understanding adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health-seeking behaviors in Ethiopia: Implications for youth friendly service programming Open
To meet the unique sexual and reproductive health needs of its large adolescent and youth population, Ethiopia’s government has expanded and institutionalized youth-friendly services (YFS) at all levels of the health system. To help inform…
View article: Parent-Child Communication and Reproductive Health Behaviors: A Survey of Adolescent Girls in Rural Tanzania
Parent-Child Communication and Reproductive Health Behaviors: A Survey of Adolescent Girls in Rural Tanzania Open
Adolescents who communicate with their parents about sexual and reproductive health are more likely to make healthy decisions. This study uses data from a survey conducted in Tabora, Tanzania (N= 1,966 unmarried girls; 425 sexually-experie…