Anne C. Spaulding
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View article: Infection Control in Carceral Facilities
Infection Control in Carceral Facilities Open
At the end of 2022, 5.4 million people (1 of every 48 adults) were either in jail, in prison, or on probation/parole in the United States. One in 20 persons in the United States (5%) will be incarcerated during their lifetime. Among those …
View article: Accelerating Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Mozambican Prisons Using Digital Chest X-rays with Computer Aided Detection: Preliminary Results from a Longitudinal, Comprehensive Health Intervention
Accelerating Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Mozambican Prisons Using Digital Chest X-rays with Computer Aided Detection: Preliminary Results from a Longitudinal, Comprehensive Health Intervention Open
Background Mozambique has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and in 2021, an estimated 18,000 incident cases nationwide were not diagnosed. Global estimates suggest that 47% of TB disease in prisons is undiagnosed. We implemented an integr…
View article: Four Models of Wastewater-Based Monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 Complementing Individual Screening in Jail Settings
Four Models of Wastewater-Based Monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 Complementing Individual Screening in Jail Settings Open
Objectives. To describe 4 unique models of operationalizing wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in jails of graduated sizes and different architectural designs. Methods. We s…
View article: Guiding the Implementation of Wastewater-based Surveillance for Carceral Infection Control with Perspectives from People with Lived Experience of Incarceration during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Guiding the Implementation of Wastewater-based Surveillance for Carceral Infection Control with Perspectives from People with Lived Experience of Incarceration during the COVID-19 Pandemic Open
Background Little guidance exists on best practices for implementing and sustaining wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) for SARS-CoV-2 in carceral settings. To ensure alignment with priorities of stakeholders, we aimed to understand the pe…
View article: Surveillance via wastewater monitoring and nasal self-collection of specimens (The SWANSS Study): A CFIR-informed qualitative study with key carceral and healthcare stakeholders
Surveillance via wastewater monitoring and nasal self-collection of specimens (The SWANSS Study): A CFIR-informed qualitative study with key carceral and healthcare stakeholders Open
Background Implementing public health interventions can be challenging in carceral settings. Jails are institutions with the shortest lengths of stay, resulting in frequent turnover and constantly shifting populations. Jails had particular…
View article: The Mortality after Release from Incarceration Consortium (MARIC): Protocol for a multi-national, individual participant data meta-analysis.
The Mortality after Release from Incarceration Consortium (MARIC): Protocol for a multi-national, individual participant data meta-analysis. Open
Introduction More than 30 million adults are released from incarceration globally each year. Many experience complex physical and mental health problems, and are at markedly increased risk of preventable mortality. Despite this, evidence r…
View article: Video Directly Observed Therapy for Tuberculosis Treatment in Haitian Prisons: A Pattern of Group Adherence
Video Directly Observed Therapy for Tuberculosis Treatment in Haitian Prisons: A Pattern of Group Adherence Open
Classification Research paper Purpose Haitian provincial prisons historically were strapped to provide directly observed therapy (DOT) for persons with TB (PwTB) due to healthcare understaffing. A non-governmental organization addressed th…
View article: Dynamic Contact Networks of Residents of an Urban Jail in the Era of SARS-CoV-2
Dynamic Contact Networks of Residents of an Urban Jail in the Era of SARS-CoV-2 Open
Background In custodial settings such as jails and prisons, infectious disease transmission is heightened by factors such as overcrowding and limited healthcare access. Specific features of social contact networks within these settings hav…
View article: Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater and Individual Testing Results in a Jail, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater and Individual Testing Results in a Jail, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Open
Institution-level wastewater-based surveillance was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, including in carceral facilities. We examined the relationship between COVID-19 diagnostic test results of residents in a jail in Atlanta, Georgi…
View article: Measuring Depression, and Its Association with Substance Use, during an Adherence Study of Patients Treated for Tuberculosis in Haitian Prisons
Measuring Depression, and Its Association with Substance Use, during an Adherence Study of Patients Treated for Tuberculosis in Haitian Prisons Open
Purpose Diagnosed depression is prevalent in prisons of affluent countries; literature on depression screening in prisons of low-resource nations is sparse. Haiti has experienced multiple recent disasters, which could have both somatic and…
View article: Estimates of Hepatitis C Seroprevalence and Viremia in State Prison Populations in the United States
Estimates of Hepatitis C Seroprevalence and Viremia in State Prison Populations in the United States Open
Background Prior studies demonstrate that eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States (US) heavily depends on treating incarcerated persons. Knowing the scope of the carceral HCV epidemic by state will help guide national elim…
View article: HIV testing in jails: Comparing strategies to maximize engagement in HIV treatment and prevention
HIV testing in jails: Comparing strategies to maximize engagement in HIV treatment and prevention Open
Despite 15,000 people enter US jails yearly with undiagnosed HIV infection, routine HIV testing is not standard. Maximizing the yield and speed of HIV testing in short-term detention facilities could promote rapid entry or re-entry of peop…
View article: Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in an Atlanta, Georgia Jail: A study of the feasibility of wastewater monitoring and correlation of building wastewater and individual testing results
Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in an Atlanta, Georgia Jail: A study of the feasibility of wastewater monitoring and correlation of building wastewater and individual testing results Open
Background Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) on an institutional level was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, including carceral facilities. In this study of a mega-jail, we examined the relationship between COVID-19 diagnostic te…
View article: Opinions of former jail residents about self-collection of SARS-CoV-2 specimens, paired with wastewater surveillance: A qualitative study rapidly examining acceptability of COVID-19 mitigation measures
Opinions of former jail residents about self-collection of SARS-CoV-2 specimens, paired with wastewater surveillance: A qualitative study rapidly examining acceptability of COVID-19 mitigation measures Open
In year one of the COVID-19 epidemic, the incidence of infection for US carceral populations was 5.5-fold higher than that in the community. Prior to the rapid roll out of a comprehensive jail surveillance program of Wastewater-Based Surve…
View article: Impact of public health policy and mobility change on transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Rhode Island, March 2020 – November 2021
Impact of public health policy and mobility change on transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Rhode Island, March 2020 – November 2021 Open
To study the SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential in Rhode Island (RI) and its association with policy changes and mobility changes, the time-varying reproduction number, Rt, was estimated. The daily incident case counts (16 March 2020, throu…
View article: Opinions of Former Jail Residents about Self-collection of SARS-CoV-2 Specimens, Paired with Wastewater Surveillance: A Qualitative Study Rapidly Examining Acceptability of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures
Opinions of Former Jail Residents about Self-collection of SARS-CoV-2 Specimens, Paired with Wastewater Surveillance: A Qualitative Study Rapidly Examining Acceptability of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures Open
In year one of the COVID-19 epidemic, the incidence of infection for US carceral populations was 5.5-fold higher than that in the community. Prior to the rapid roll out of a comprehensive jail surveillance program of Wastewater-Based Surve…
View article: Stakeholder-engaged research is necessary across the criminal-legal spectrum
Stakeholder-engaged research is necessary across the criminal-legal spectrum Open
People with lived experience of incarceration have higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to people without history of incarceration. Research conducted unethically in prisons and jails led to increased scrutiny of research to en…
View article: Long-Acting Injectable Antiretrovirals in Incarcerated Populations — Challenges and Opportunities
Long-Acting Injectable Antiretrovirals in Incarcerated Populations — Challenges and Opportunities Open
The risk of HIV transmission and infection after release from jail is high. Long-acting injectable medications hold promise as tools for maintaining viral suppression and preventing infection.
View article: Late Surges in COVID-19 Cases and Varying Transmission Potential Partially Due to Public Health Policy Changes in 5 Western States, March 10, 2020, to January 10, 2021
Late Surges in COVID-19 Cases and Varying Transmission Potential Partially Due to Public Health Policy Changes in 5 Western States, March 10, 2020, to January 10, 2021 Open
Objective: This study investigates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission potential in North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho from March 2020 through January 2021. Methods: Time-varyi…
View article: Vaccine confidence among people who use drugs: A cross-sectional survey
Vaccine confidence among people who use drugs: A cross-sectional survey Open
Adult immunization coverage remains low in the US, particularly for people who use drugs (PWUD), a population that experiences a disproportionate burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. The extent of and characteristics associated with vac…
View article: Acceptability of injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis among people who inject drugs in three urban U.S. settings
Acceptability of injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis among people who inject drugs in three urban U.S. settings Open
Background Outbreaks of new HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) are a major public health concern. Oral daily PrEP, has been identified as a critical addition to the biomedical toolkit for this population. However, limite…
View article: Time Trend Analysis of Tuberculosis Treatment While Using Digital Adherence Technologies—An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Eleven Projects across Ten High Tuberculosis-Burden Countries
Time Trend Analysis of Tuberculosis Treatment While Using Digital Adherence Technologies—An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Eleven Projects across Ten High Tuberculosis-Burden Countries Open
Worldwide, non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is problematic. Digital adherence technologies (DATs) offer a person-centered approach to support and monitor treatment. We explored adherence over time while using DATs. We conducted…
View article: Prevalence and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Correctional Settings: A Systematic Review
Prevalence and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Correctional Settings: A Systematic Review Open
Admissions to jails and prisons in the United States number 10 million yearly; persons entering locked correctional facilities have high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These individuals come disproportionately from c…