Explanipedia

Archaeal tetraether lipids as tracers for past marine environmental change Open

Felix J. Elling, Nina Davtian, Lauren O'Connor, Richard D. Pancost, Francien Peterse , et al. · 2025

Archaea are single-celled microorganisms that are abundant in marine environments and play a key role in the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Archaea can biosynthesize a wide variety of isoprenoid membrane lipids, including isoprenoid glycerol …

Reviews and syntheses: Best practices for the application of marine GDGTs as proxy for paleotemperatures: sampling, processing, analyses, interpretation, and archiving protocols Open

Peter K. Bijl, Kasia K. Śliwińska, Bella Duncan, Arnaud Huguet, Sebastian Naeher , et al. · 2025

Marine glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are used in various proxies (such as TEX86) to reconstruct past ocean temperatures. Over 20 years of improvements in GDGT sample processing, analytical techniques, data interpretation an…

A high-resolution late Paleocene–early Eocene organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the United States Atlantic Coastal Plain Open

Mei Nelissen, Appy Sluijs, Debra A. Willard, Henk Brinkhuis · 2025

Over the past decades, many expanded sedimentary records from the US Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) have been studied in detail to assess causes and consequences of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ∼ 56 Ma). In ACP sections, the P…

Evidence for limited atmospheric CO2 rise at the onset of the Miocene Climatic Optimum Open

Evi Wubben, Joost Frieling, Linda van Roij, Kirsten de Haan, Gert‐Jan Reichart , et al. · 2025

Impact of chemical treatments on the molecular and stable carbon isotopic composition of sporomorphs Open

Yannick F. Bats, Klaas G.J. Nierop, Alice Stuart-Lee, Joost Frieling, Linda van Roij , et al. · 2025

The stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plants and algae is influenced by environmental factors, such as pCO2, water availability, and altitude. To effectively use the δ13C of fossil material as a proxy for these parameters, it is …

Ocean Drilling Program Site 959 Datasets Open

Appy Sluijs, Chris D. Fokkema, Tobias Agterhuis, Danielle Gerritsma, Myrthe de Goeij , et al. · 2025

-Version V4 now includes the raw data associated with the paper "Evidence for limited atmospheric pCO2 rise at the onset of the Miocene Climatic Optimum", by Wubben et al.: item 'Miocene CO2; raw data' (md5:972e685a012a1f1915b4cfb6a3c5292b…

Integrated bio-chemo-cyclostratigraphy of early Eocene carbon cycle aberrations from the Northern Negev Open

Agnese Mannucci, Chris D. Fokkema, Claudia Agnini, Or M. Bialik, Yannick F. Bats , et al. · 2025

Transient oxygenation of the Mediterranean after the Zanclean megaflood Open

Udara Amarathunga, Jochen J. Brocks, Paul H. E. Meijer, Janet M. Hope, Willem-Jan Zachariasse , et al. · 2025

The Mediterranean basin reconnected to the Atlantic Ocean ~5.33 Myr ago, following its partial desiccation during the preceding Messinian salinity crisis (5.97 to 5.33 Myr). While the extent of terminal Messinian drawdown and abruptness of…

Phanerozoic orbital-scale glacio-eustatic variability Open

Douwe G. van der Meer, Lennert B. Stap, Christopher R. Scotese, Benjamin Mills, Appy Sluijs , et al. · 2025

Silicate Weathering and Diagenetic Reaction Balances in Deltaic Muds Open

Gerrit Müller, Robert C. Aller, Appy Sluijs, Jack J. Middelburg · 2025

Reactions between terrigenous sediments, marine-biogenic substances and seawater modulate multiple biogeochemical cycles, but the dynamics and factors governing these reactions are poorly constrained. Deltaic mobile muds are a major sedime…

Impact of chemical treatments on the molecular and stable carbon isotopic composition of sporomorphs Open

Yannick F. Bats, Klaas G.J. Nierop, Alice Stuart-Lee, Joost Frieling, Linda van Roij , et al. · 2025

The stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plants and algae is influenced by environmental factors, such as pCO2, water availability, and altitude. To effectively use the δ13C of fossil material as proxies for these parameters, it is …

Supplementary material to "Impact of chemical treatments on the molecular and stable carbon isotopic composition of sporomorphs" Open

Yannick F. Bats, Klaas G.J. Nierop, Alice Stuart-Lee, Joost Frieling, Linda van Roij , et al. · 2025

Reviews and syntheses: Best practices for the application of marine GDGTs as proxy for paleotemperatures: sampling, processing, analyses, interpretation, and archiving protocols Open

Peter K. Bijl, Kasia K. Śliwińska, Bella Duncan, Arnaud Huguet, Sebastian Naeher , et al. · 2025

Marine glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are used in various proxies (such as TEX86) to reconstruct past ocean temperatures. Over 20 years of improvements in GDGT sample processing, analytical techniques, data interpretation an…

Dating Oligocene-Recent siliciclastic sediment sequences from the Norwegian Sea Open

Tjerk Veenstra, Francesca Sangiorgi, Vidar Bakker, Klaudia F. Kuiper, Appy Sluijs · 2025

The Norwegian Sea is crucial for ocean circulation and global climate and has therefore long been a focus in paleoceanography. However, precise dating of sediments has often proved difficult, due to poor preservation and endemism among mic…

Testing Scenarios for the End-Triassic Mass-Extinction: Teratology in Ferns Near Historical and Industrial Mercury Emission Sites (Czechia) Open

Remco Bos, Jan Rohovec, Tomas Navrátil, Anne H. Kegel, Tom R. Bolt , et al. · 2025

Global Warming and Equatorial Atlantic Paleoceanographic Changes During Early Eocene Carbon Cycle Perturbation V Open

Anne H. Kegel, Chris D. Fokkema, Henk Brinkhuis, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold , et al. · 2025

A series of transient global warming events (“hyperthermals”) in the early Eocene is marked by massive environmental and carbon cycle change. Among these events, the impacts of the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (∼56 Ma), Eocene Thermal …

Orbital (Hydro)Climate Variability in the Ice‐Free Early Eocene Arctic Open

Chris D. Fokkema, Henk Brinkhuis, Francien Peterse, Appy Sluijs · 2024

Early Eocene (∼56–48 Ma) climates are useful to investigate polar climate dynamics in the absence of ice. We explore early Eocene orbital variability of Arctic climate using sediments recovered by the Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX). High …

Light Limitation of Poleward Coral Reef Expansion During Past Warm Climates Open

Anne Kruijt, Thomas C. Brachert, Appy Sluijs, Jack J. Middelburg · 2024

The latitudinal range of modern shallow‐water tropical corals is controlled by temperature, and presently limited to waters warmer than 16–18°C year‐round. However, even during Cenozoic climates with such temperatures in polar regions, cor…

High Arctic late Paleocene and early Eocene dinoflagellate cysts Open

Appy Sluijs, Henk Brinkhuis · 2024

Palynomorphs, notably sporomorphs and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, or “dinocysts”, are the only abundant microfossils consistently present in the sole available central Arctic upper Paleocene to lower Eocene sedimentary succession …

Light limitation of poleward coral reef expansion during past warm climates Open

Anne Kruijt, Thomas C. Brachert, Appy Sluijs, Jack J. Middelburg · 2024

The latitudinal range of modern shallow-water tropical corals is controlled by temperature, and presently limited to waters warmer than 16-18 °C year-round. However, even during Cenozoic climates with such temperatures in polar regions, co…

Climate variability, heat distribution, and polar amplification in the warm unipolar “icehouse” of the Oligocene Open

Dominique Jenny, Tammo Reichgelt, Charlotte L. O’Brien, Xiaoqing Liu, Peter K. Bijl , et al. · 2024

The Oligocene (33.9–23.03 Ma) had warm climates with flattened meridional temperature gradients, while Antarctica retained a significant cryosphere. These may pose imperfect analogues to distant future climate states with unipolar icehouse…

Interlaboratory Comparison of Branched GDGT Temperature and pH Proxies Using Soils and Lipid Extracts Open

Cindy De Jonge, Francien Peterse, Klaas G.J. Nierop, Thomas M. Blattmann, Marcelo R. Alexandre , et al. · 2024

Ratios of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT), which are membrane lipids of bacteria and archaea, are at the base of several paleoenvironmental proxies. They are frequently applied to soils as well as lake‐ and marine sediments to…

Oceanography of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean Across the Oligocene‐Miocene Transition Open

Diederik Liebrand, Bridget S. Wade, Helen M Beddow, David J. King, Alexander D. Harrison , et al. · 2024

The functioning of the Pacific Ocean—the world's largest ocean—during a warmer‐than‐present paleoclimate state remains underexplored. We present planktonic and benthic foraminiferal stable oxygen (δ 18 O) and carbon (δ 13 C) isotope record…

Polar amplification of orbital-scale climate variability in the early Eocene greenhouse world Open

Chris D. Fokkema, Tobias Agterhuis, Danielle Gerritsma, Myrthe de Goeij, Xiaoqing Liu , et al. · 2024

Climate variability is typically amplified towards polar regions. The underlying causes, notably albedo and humidity changes, are challenging to accurately quantify with observations or models, thus hampering projections of future polar am…

Tropical Warming and Intensification of the West African Monsoon During the Miocene Climatic Optimum Open

Evi Wubben, Bianca Spiering, Tjerk Veenstra, Remco Bos, Zongyi Wang , et al. · 2024

Studying monsoon dynamics during past warm time periods such as the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; ∼16.9–14.5 Ma) could greatly aid in better projecting monsoon intensity, in the context of future greenhouse warming. However, studies on re…

Early to Middle Miocene Astronomically Paced Climate Dynamics in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic Open

Bianca Spiering, Evi Wubben, F.J. Hilgen, Appy Sluijs · 2024

Detailed analysis of tropical climate dynamics is lacking for the Early to Middle Miocene, even though this time interval bears important analogies for future climates. Based on high‐resolution proxy reconstructions of sea surface temperat…

Climate-forced Hg-remobilization associated with fern mutagenesis in the aftermath of the end-Triassic extinction Open

Remco Bos, Wang Zheng, Sofie Lindström, Hamed Sanei, Irene Waajen , et al. · 2024

Global warming and equatorial Atlantic paleoceanographic changes during early Eocene carbon cycle perturbation V Open

Anne H. Kegel, Chris D. Fokkema, Henk Brinkhuis, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold , et al. · 2024

A series of transient global warming events (“hyperthermals”) in the early Eocene is marked by massive environmental and carbon cycle change. Among these events, the impacts of the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (~56 Ma), Eocene Thermal …

A plant-wax δD record of palaeohydrology over the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary Open

Lauren K. O’Connor, Rhodri Jerrett, Appy Sluijs, Gregory D. Price, Bart E. van Dongen , et al. · 2024

Alongside the mass extinction, the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary interval experienced major climate perturbations due to the Chicxulub meteorite impact and Deccan Trap volcanism. The volcanism and release of climate modi…

Orbital (Hydro)Climate Variability in the Ice-Free early Eocene Arctic Open

Chris D. Fokkema, Henk Brinkhuis, Francien Peterse, Appy Sluijs · 2024

We explore the imprint of orbital variability on Arctic temperature and hydrology using sediments recovered during the Arctic Coring Expedition in 2004. High resolution records of lipid biomarkers (GDGTs; 2-kyr) and palynological assemblag…

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