Antony R. Young
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View article: Correction to: Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024
Correction to: Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 Open
Correction to: Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences (2025) 24:357–392 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x This work is not a product of the U.S. Government or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the author is not doing…
View article: Seasonal and lifelong changes in skin colour and pigmentation of Austrian farming families: an exploratory study
Seasonal and lifelong changes in skin colour and pigmentation of Austrian farming families: an exploratory study Open
Farmers are exposed chronically to solar ultraviolet radiation. Their chronically exposed skin undergoes alterations in pigmentation, but quantitative measurements have not be done yet. Therefore, we followed skin color and pigmentation in…
View article: Improved photoprotection in the UVA/visible radiation boundary region is essential to prevent DNA damage, oxidative stress and gene expression changes in human skin
Improved photoprotection in the UVA/visible radiation boundary region is essential to prevent DNA damage, oxidative stress and gene expression changes in human skin Open
Background Studies have demonstrated the potential for damage caused by exposure to radiation at the UVR/visible border region (380–410 nm) and beyond. This includes potentially mutagenic delayed DNA damage, increased gene expression relat…
View article: Environmental plastics in the context of UV radiation, climate change, and the Montreal Protocol
Environmental plastics in the context of UV radiation, climate change, and the Montreal Protocol Open
There are close links between solar UV radiation, climate change, and plastic pollution. UV-driven weathering is a key process leading to the degradation of plastics in the environment but also the formation of potentially harmful plastic …
View article: Enzymes for dermatological use
Enzymes for dermatological use Open
Skin is the ultimate barrier between body and environment and prevents water loss and penetration of pathogens and toxins. Internal and external stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), can damage skin integrity and lead to disorder…
View article: The adverse consequences of not using sunscreens
The adverse consequences of not using sunscreens Open
The adverse effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on normal skin are well established, especially in those with poorly melanized skin. Clinically, these effects may be classified as acute, such as erythema or chronic such as keratin…
View article: Previtamin D action spectrum: Challenging CIE towards a standard
Previtamin D action spectrum: Challenging CIE towards a standard Open
In 2006, CIE published a technical report on an action spectrum for the production of previtamin D 3 in human skin. CIE procedure is to publish guidelines (e.g., an action spectrum) and let the community test them before moving to define a…
View article: Innovative digital solution supporting sun protection and vitamin D synthesis by using satellite-based monitoring of solar radiation
Innovative digital solution supporting sun protection and vitamin D synthesis by using satellite-based monitoring of solar radiation Open
Public health campaigns advise minimising UV radiation (UVR) exposure to prevent skin cancer and precancer, e.g. actinic keratosis (AK). A 3-day clinical field study, in Brazil, was performed to evaluate the mobile app Sun4Health® by siHea…
View article: A new visible light absorbing organic filter offers superior protection against pigmentation by wavelengths at the UVR-visible boundary region
A new visible light absorbing organic filter offers superior protection against pigmentation by wavelengths at the UVR-visible boundary region Open
Skin pigmentation by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR; ~295–400 nm) is well established. More recently, visible light (VL; 400–740 nm) has been shown to induce rapid pigmentation. Such pigmentation is thought to be caused by oxidative stre…
View article: Perspectives on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers—Rise of the Dark Dimers<sup>†</sup>
Perspectives on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers—Rise of the Dark Dimers<sup>†</sup> Open
Some early reports demonstrate that levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) may increase after UVR exposure had ended, although these observations were treated as artifacts. More recently, it has been shown unequivocally that CPD for…
View article: A revised action spectrum for vitamin D synthesis by suberythemal UV radiation exposure in humans in vivo
A revised action spectrum for vitamin D synthesis by suberythemal UV radiation exposure in humans in vivo Open
Significance Solar UV radiation (UVR) causes sunburn but initiates the first step of vitamin D synthesis, which is the formation of previtamin D 3 (pre-D 3 ) in skin. The gold standard for assessing vitamin D is serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3…
View article: Estimating personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure through time spent outdoors, ambient levels and modelling approaches*
Estimating personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure through time spent outdoors, ambient levels and modelling approaches* Open
Time outdoors and our modelling approach were reliable predictors and of value to be applied in epidemiological studies of the health effects of current exposure to UVR.
View article: Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020
Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020 Open
This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological…
View article: Physical Determinants of Vitamin D Photosynthesis: A Review
Physical Determinants of Vitamin D Photosynthesis: A Review Open
Vitamin D synthesis by exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) provides the majority of this hormone that is essential for bone development and maintenance but may be important for many other health outcomes. This process, wh…
View article: Dark cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are formed in the epidermis of Fitzpatrick skin types I/II and VI in vivo after exposure to solar‐simulated radiation
Dark cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are formed in the epidermis of Fitzpatrick skin types I/II and VI in vivo after exposure to solar‐simulated radiation Open
Introduction Unlike “light” cylobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) formed during ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, dark CPD (dCPD) are formed afterwards. Studies have attributed this to delayed melanin sensitization. There are no data on t…
View article: Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem
Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem Open
This article aims to alert the medical community and public health authorities to accumulating evidence on health benefits from sun exposure, which suggests that insufficient sun exposure is a significant public health problem. Studies in …
View article: A study into how ultraviolet radiation from the sun effects genes in the skin
A study into how ultraviolet radiation from the sun effects genes in the skin Open
The sun emits two main types of ultraviolet radiation (UVR): UVB (~5%) and UVA (~95%). We know that UVR from the sun causes sunburn (inflammation) as well as many other adverse (negative) effects including weakening the skin's immunity, ac…
View article: Optimal sunscreen use allows vitamin D synthesis
Optimal sunscreen use allows vitamin D synthesis Open
Vitamin D, vital for bone health, is produced by the skin in response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight. However, as well as being the main source of vitamin D, UVR is a major cause of skin cancer. This has led to questions abou…
View article: Dose and time effects of solar‐simulated ultraviolet radiation on the <i>in vivo</i> human skin transcriptome
Dose and time effects of solar‐simulated ultraviolet radiation on the <i>in vivo</i> human skin transcriptome Open
The UV radiation doses of this acute study are readily achieved daily during holidays in the sun, suggesting that the skin transcriptional profile of 'typical' holiday makers is markedly deregulated. What's already known about this topic? …
View article: Sunscreen photoprotection and vitamin D status
Sunscreen photoprotection and vitamin D status Open
Sunscreen use for daily and recreational photoprotection does not compromise vitamin D synthesis, even when applied under optimal conditions. What's already known about this topic? Knowledge of the relationship between solar exposure behav…