Explanipedia

Adenovirus Types in US Children Hospitalized or Seen in the Emergency Department With Acute Respiratory Illness, 2016–2019 Open

Tess Stopczynski, Varvara Probst, Adam Gailani, Justin Z. Amarin, Olla Hamdan , et al. · 2025

Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common cause of pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI), contributing to 5–13% of cases worldwide. Clinical manifestations vary by HAdV species and type; therefore, delineating type-specific diseas…

Clinical Testing for COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV in Hospitalized Youths, 2016-2024 Open

Ariana P. Toepfer, Rachel E. Rutkowski, Leila C. Sahni, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Marian G. Michaels , et al. · 2025

Importance Studies of COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease clinical epidemiology, disease burden, and vaccine effectiveness often rely on clinical testing to identify cases, particularly with increasing use of…

Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children: A Comparative Analysis Open

Leah Goldstein, Marian G. Michaels, Abigail Salthouse, Ariana P. Toepfer, Samar Musa , et al. · 2025

BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are genetically related viruses and major causes of medically attended acute respiratory illness in children. Research comparing the severity of illnesses result…

Antiviral Prescription in Children With Influenza in US Emergency Departments: New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), 2016–2020 Open

Tess Stopczynski, Justin Z. Amarin, James W. Antoon, Olla Hamdan, Laura S. Stewart , et al. · 2025

Background Influenza contributes to a high burden of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits annually. Guidelines recommend outpatient antiviral treatment for children at higher risk of severe influenza and recommend considering treatme…

Enteric Disease Outbreaks Associated with Animal Contact — Animal Contact Outbreak Surveillance System, United States, 2009–2021 Open

Taylor Eisenstein, Michael Wong, Grace M. Vahey, Ariana P. Toepfer, Brigette Gleason , et al. · 2025

Public health partners should continue to report animal contact outbreaks through ACOSS to inform evidence-based interventions tailored to specific animals, pathogens, populations, and settings. Strengthening the capacity of local, state, …

Enterovirus D68–Associated Respiratory Illness in Children Open

Benjamin R Clopper, Adriana Lopez, Leah Goldstein, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Ariana P. Toepfer , et al. · 2025

Importance Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) typically causes mild to severe acute respiratory illness (ARI). Testing and surveillance for EV-D68 in the US are limited, and important epidemiologic gaps remain. Objective To characterize the epidemio…

Interim Evaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Rates Among Infants and Young Children After Introduction of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention Products — United States, October 2024–February 2025 Open

Monica E. Patton, Heidi L. Moline, Michael Whitaker, Ayzsa Tannis, Huong Pham , et al. · 2025

Maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody for infants aged 0-7 months and children aged 8-19 months who are at increased risk for severe RSV disease, became widely available for pr…

Temporal Association Between Respiratory Viruses and Invasive Streptococcal Disease Open

Zheyi Teoh, Matthew Fenchel, Cameron Griffin, Andrea Ankrum, Nina Prasanpanich , et al. · 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The temporal association between different noninfluenza respiratory viruses and invasive streptococcal disease is poorly understood. We sought to investigate the temporal association between invasive group A strep…

Underutilization of Influenza Antiviral Treatment Among Children and Adolescents at Higher Risk for Influenza-Associated Complications — United States, 2023–2024 Open

Aaron M. Frutos, Haris M. Ahmad, Dawud Ujamaa, Alissa O’Halloran, Janet A. Englund , et al. · 2024

Annually, tens of thousands of U.S. children and adolescents are hospitalized with seasonal influenza virus infection. Both influenza vaccination and early initiation of antiviral treatment can reduce complications of influenza. Using data…

Early Estimate of Nirsevimab Effectiveness for Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalization Among Infants Entering Their First Respiratory Syncytial Virus Season — New Vaccine Surveillance Network, October 2023–February 2024 Open

Heidi L. Moline, Ayzsa Tannis, Ariana P. Toepfer, John V. Williams, Julie A. Boom , et al. · 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants in the United States. In August 2023, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, for…

Interim Estimates of 2023–24 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States Open

Aaron M. Frutos, Ashley M. Price, Elizabeth Harker, Emily Reeves, Haris M. Ahmad , et al. · 2024

In the United States, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months. Using data from four vaccine effectiveness (VE) networks during the 2023-24 influenza season, interim influenza VE was estimated among patien…

Seasonality, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease by Subtype Among Children Aged <5 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2016–2020 Open

Ariana P. Toepfer, Justin Z. Amarin, Andrew J. Spieker, Laura S Stewart, Mary Allen Staat , et al. · 2024

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illnesses in children. RSV can be broadly categorized into 2 major subtypes: A and B. RSV subtypes have been known to cocirculate with variability in diff…

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