Explanipedia

Population-Based Viral Antibody Profiles of Preschool Children in Burkina Faso Open

Cindi Chen, Armin Hinterwirth, Mamadou Ouattara, Mamadou Bountogo, Boubacar Coulibaly , et al. · 2025

Virus-associated infections remain a major burden of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. This exploratory, population-based study used programmable phage immunoprecipitation and sequencing to simultaneously evaluate th…

Effect of Biannual Azithromycin Distribution to Infants on Community Gut Resistome and Microbiome: A Cluster-Randomized, Controlled Trial Open

Boubacar Coulibaly, Daisy Yan, Ali Sié, K. Dramane, Mamadou Bountogo , et al. · 2025

Biannual azithromycin administration to preschool children in sub-Saharan Africa improved childhood mortality but selected for antibiotic resistance (AMR). WHO guidelines recommended focusing treatment on infants ages 1–11 months old to re…

Macrolide and non-macrolide resistance after 36 months of mass azithromycin distribution in Burkina Faso: A cluster randomized trial Open

Catherine E. Oldenburg, Boubacar Coulibaly, Ali Sié, Mamadou Ouattara, Mamadou Bountogo , et al. · 2025

Background Biannual mass azithromycin distribution to children aged 1-59 months reduces all-cause child mortality but is known to select for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ongoing surveillanc…

The Effect of Metagenomic Sequencing on Patient Clinical Outcomes for Intraocular Infections: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Open

Jessica G. Shantha, Kareem Moussa, Wipada Laovirojjanakul, Steven Yeh, Edmund Tsui , et al. · 2025

A Distinguishable Peripheral Blood and Conjunctival Transcriptome and Gut Microbiome in Sjögren's Disease: A Pilot Study Open

Robert D Nguyen, Jeremy Nortey, Elisabeth Gebreegziabher, Armin Hinterwirth, Lina Zhong , et al. · 2025

Objective: To create a comprehensive multi-tissue molecular atlas of Sjögren's disease by using unbiased RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peripheral blood and conjunctival transcriptomes, and to character…

Comparison of antimicrobial resistance genes on the ocular surface of patients with corneal infections in California and Malawi Open

Gerami D. Seitzman, Khumbo Kalua, Esther Misanjo, Cindi Chen, Kevin Ouimette , et al. · 2025

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants on the ocular surface may contribute to poor treatment responses. Methods An exploratory comparative analysis of ocular surface AMR determinants, as determined by RNA-sequencing (RNA-s…

Deep sequencing as a diagnostic tool in patients with suspected primary vitreoretinal lymphoma Open

Charlene Choo, Olivia Cote, Karina Bostwick, Matthew Regueiro, Jill Fielding-Wells , et al. · 2024

Purpose To compare the diagnostic utility of metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS) to cytology, flow cytometry and gene rearrangement by PCR in ocular samples of patients with suspected vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). Methods Patients with suspe…

Prolonged mass azithromycin distributions and macrolide resistance determinants among preschool children in Niger: A sub-study of a cluster-randomized trial (MORDOR) Open

Ahmed M. Arzika, Amza Abdou, Ramatou Maliki, Beido Nassirou, Boubacar Kadri , et al. · 2024

Background Randomized controlled trials found that twice-yearly mass azithromycin administration (MDA) reduces childhood mortality, presumably by reducing infection burden. World Health Organization (WHO) issued conditional guidelines for …

Could the effect of antimicrobials on antimicrobial resistance be saturated at high-antimicrobial consumption? A comparison of the MORDOR and ResistAZM studies Open

Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil, Zina Gestels, Saïd Abdelatti, Irith De Baetselier, Thibaut Vanbaelen , et al. · 2024

The findings are compatible with our hypothesis. Thus, in populations with high-antimicrobial use, the relationship between antimicrobial consumption and AMR may be diminished due to saturation. These findings are vital for future studies …

Gut Microbiome Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance After a Single Dose of Oral Azithromycin in Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Open

Thuy Doan, Zijun Liu, Ali Sié, Clarisse Dah, Mamadou Bountogo , et al. · 2024

Mass antibiotic distribution to preschool children resulted in alterations of the gut microbiome months after distribution. This individually randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated changes in the gut microbiome and resistome in chi…

Pathogen Profiles of Infectious Conjunctivitis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Open

Huy Tran, Linh Hoang, Yen Tran, Thao T.X. Ha, Kevin Ruder , et al. · 2023

Purpose: Conjunctivitis epidemics and pandemics remain a global burden. This study aims to comprehensively identify pathogens associated with conjunctivitis in Vietnam. Methods: Patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis who presented t…

Comprehensive Profile of Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance in Conjunctivitis Cases from Niger Open

Abdou Amza, Beido Nassirou, Boubacar Kadri, Saley Ali, Boubacar Mariama , et al. · 2023

Infectious conjunctivitis outbreaks remain a public health burden. This study focuses on the pathogen and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles identified in Niger. Sixty-two patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis who presented to…

Pathogen Surveillance for Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis Open

Edmund Tsui, Ruti Sella, Vivien M. Tham, Alan W. Kong, Esmeralda McClean , et al. · 2023

Importance Acute infectious conjunctivitis is a common ocular condition with major public health consequences. Objective To assess regional variations and microbial etiologies of acute infectious conjunctivitis to guide treatment. Design, …

Heterogenous pathogen profile associated with acute conjunctivitis in Nepal Open

Meenu Chaudhary, Sanjeeta Sitaula, Kevin Ruder, Cindi Chen, Lina Zhong , et al. · 2023

Background Infectious conjunctivitis is common in Nepal. Materials and Methods This prospective study recruited 60 patients with presumed acute infectious conjunctivitis from the B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies in Kathmand…

Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Niger: An Exploratory Study Open

Sani Ousmane, Issifi Kollo Abdoulkader, Ronan Jambou, Rakia Boubacar, Ahmed M. Arzika , et al. · 2023

Wastewater-based surveillance is increasingly recognized as an important approach to monitoring population-level antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this exploratory study, we examined the use of metagenomics to evaluate AMR using untreated…

Apollo Rising: Acute Conjunctivitis Outbreak in India, 2022 Open

N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Vishnu Teja, Ramesh Gunasekaran, Cindi Chen , et al. · 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify pathogens associated with the 2022 conjunctivitis outbreak in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in November 2022. Patients with presumed acute infectious con…

Metagenomic Deep Sequencing for Orbital Inflammatory Disease Open

M. Reza Vagefi, Oluwatobi O. Idowu, Amanda Miller, Thuy Doan, Cindi Chen , et al. · 2023

A unique transcriptome signature was found when comparing idiopathic dacryoadenitis to IgG4-RD. This suggests that MDS can identify differentially expressed genes in OID. Such insight could potentially provide a better understanding of hos…

Case Series: Unbiased Deep Sequencing Analysis of Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis in an Ambulatory Eye Center in Berkeley, California Open

Kuniyoshi Kanai, Meredith Whiteside, Michael L. Wong, Tammy La, Maryam Nassiri , et al. · 2023

SIGNIFICANCE Acute infectious conjunctivitis poses significant challenges to eye care providers. It can be highly transmissible, and because etiology is often presumed, correct treatment and management can be difficult. This study uses unb…

Viruses Associated with Acute Conjunctivitis in Vanuatu Open

Kasso Johnson, Fasihah Taleo, Kalbule Willie, Edwin Amel, Madopule Nanu , et al. · 2023

The first manifestation of a viral infection may be conjunctivitis. There are limited data on the etiology of viral conjunctivitis in Vanuatu, a country in the South Pacific Ocean. Patients presenting to one of two Vanuatu health centers w…

Gut Microbiome among Children with Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Azithromycin versus Amoxicillin Open

Catherine E. Oldenburg, Armin Hinterwirth, Clarisse Dah, Ourohiré Millogo, Boubacar Coulibaly , et al. · 2022

Antibiotics are routinely used as part of the management of severe acute malnutrition and are known to reduce gut microbial diversity in non-malnourished children. We evaluated gut microbiomes in children participating in a randomized cont…

Deep sequencing analysis of clinical samples from patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 delta surge in Madurai, India Open

Prajna Lalitha, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Gunasekaran Rameshkumar, Gonugunta Vishnu Teja, Sankalp Singh Sharma , et al. · 2022

Outpatient human coronavirus associated conjunctivitis in India Open

N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Gonugunta Vishnu Teja, Gunasekaran Rameshkumar, Sankalp Singh Sharma , et al. · 2022

Effect of Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distributions to Preschool-Aged Children on Trachoma Prevalence in Niger Open

Ahmed M. Arzika, Dallas Mindo‐Panusis, Amza Abdou, Boubacar Kadri, Beido Nassirou , et al. · 2022

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02048007.

Gut Resistome after Antibiotics among Children with Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Randomized Controlled Trial Open

Catherine E. Oldenburg, Armin Hinterwirth, Ourohiré Millogo, Clarisse Dah, Moussa Ouédraogo , et al. · 2022

A broad-spectrum antibiotic, typically amoxicillin, is included in many country guidelines as part of the management of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children without overt clinical symptoms of infection. Alternative ant…

Biomarkers for primary open-angle glaucoma progression Open

Mengya Zhao, Ping Ma, Qinghong Xie, Anh Bui, Sean Yonamine , et al. · 2022

Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of progressive optic neurodegenerative. Although most patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) are stable for many years, certain subgroups of POAG patients could progress over time even with treat…

Deep sequencing analysis of acute conjunctivitis in Burkina Faso, Africa Open

Mamadou Bountogo, Ali Siè, Boubacar Coulibaly, Kevin Ruder, Cindi Chen , et al. · 2022

Background Seasonal and epidemic conjunctivitis (pink eye) infections are highly contagious and impose a significant economic burden worldwide. Long-term visual impairment can occur. Methods This study used metagenomic deep sequencing to e…

Effect of Mass Azithromycin Distributions on Childhood Growth in Niger Open

Ahmed M. Arzika, Ramatou Maliki, Maria M Ali, Mankara K Alio, Amza Abdou , et al. · 2021

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02048007.

Effect of Azithromycin on the Ocular Surface Microbiome of Children in a High Prevalence Trachoma Area Open

Thuy Doan, Teshome Gebre, Berhan Ayele, Mulat Zerihun, Armin Hinterwirth , et al. · 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the 4 times per year mass azithromycin distributions on the ocular surface microbiome of children in a trachoma endemic area. Methods: In this cluster-randomized controlled trial…

Effect of Oral Azithromycin vs Placebo on COVID-19 Symptoms in Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Open

Catherine E. Oldenburg, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Jessica Brogdon, Cindi Chen, Kevin Ruder , et al. · 2021

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04332107.

Gut Resistome of Preschool Children After Prolonged Mass Azithromycin Distribution: A Cluster-randomized Trial Open

Ahmed M. Arzika, Ramatou Maliki, Amza Abdou, Alio Karamba Mankara, Abdoul Naser Harouna , et al. · 2021

We evaluated the gut resistome of children from communities treated with 10 twice-yearly azithromycin distributions. Although the macrolide resistance remained higher in the azithromycin arm, the selection of non-macrolide resistance obser…

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