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View article: Identifying the safe operating space for food systems
Identifying the safe operating space for food systems Open
Global environmental pressures from food systems threaten biodiversity and the stability of the Earth system, yet the safe operating space for food systems is unknown. Here we calculate food system boundaries as shares of planetary boundar…
View article: Advancing water quality model intercomparisons under global change: perspectives from the new ISIMIP water quality sector
Advancing water quality model intercomparisons under global change: perspectives from the new ISIMIP water quality sector Open
Water pollution poses widespread risks to ecosystems, human health, and water users more broadly. Furthermore, the interplay of future hydroclimatic changes and socioeconomic developments will strongly impact the quality status of freshwat…
View article: Exploring pathways for world development within planetary boundaries
Exploring pathways for world development within planetary boundaries Open
View article: Global inland-water oxygen cycle has changed in the Anthropocene
Global inland-water oxygen cycle has changed in the Anthropocene Open
Inland waters are an important resource, a highly diverse habitat, and a key component of global biogeochemical cycles. Oxygen plays a major role in inland-water ecosystem functioning, but long-term changes in its cycling remain unknown. H…
View article: The NBCalCer model for calculating global benefits and costs of nitrogen fertilizer use for cereal cultivation: Model description, uncertainty analysis and validation
The NBCalCer model for calculating global benefits and costs of nitrogen fertilizer use for cereal cultivation: Model description, uncertainty analysis and validation Open
View article: Nutrient transport from the Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna River system to the Bay of Bengal: past and future trends
Nutrient transport from the Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna River system to the Bay of Bengal: past and future trends Open
The Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basin is a lifeline for the livelihoods and well-being of millions of inhabitants. It has been experiencing increasing nutrient emissions from anthropogenic activities since the 1970s. This paper de…
View article: Uncertainties around net‐zero climate targets have major impact on greenhouse gas emissions projections
Uncertainties around net‐zero climate targets have major impact on greenhouse gas emissions projections Open
Globally, more than 100 countries have adopted net‐zero targets. Most studies agree on how this increases the chance of keeping end‐of‐century global warming below 2°C. However, they typically make assumptions about net‐zero targets that d…
View article: Multimodel and Multiconstituent Scenario Construction for Future Water Quality
Multimodel and Multiconstituent Scenario Construction for Future Water Quality Open
Freshwater pollution is, together with climate change, one of today's most severe and pervasive threats to the global environment. Comprehensive and spatially explicit scenarios covering a wide range of constituents for freshwater quality …
View article: Food and land system transformations under different societal perspectives on sustainable development
Food and land system transformations under different societal perspectives on sustainable development Open
The future of food and land systems is crucial for achieving multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals, given their essential role in providing adequate nutrition and their significant impact on Earth system processes. Despite widespread c…
View article: Long-term variations (1970–2020) and spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus soil budgets and fates in Indian agriculture
Long-term variations (1970–2020) and spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus soil budgets and fates in Indian agriculture Open
The Green Revolution rapidly increased India’s food production since the 1960s, but excessive synthetic fertilizer use caused severe environmental problems. Our spatially explicit analysis for 1970–2020 indicates an uneven distribution of …
View article: Planetary boundaries framework scenarios
Planetary boundaries framework scenarios Open
The planetary boundaries framework serves as a comprehensive method to define a safe operating space for humanity on Earth. This set of scenarios projects eight out of nine planetary boundaries processes under different scenarios to 2050, …
View article: Impact of lifestyle, human diet and nutrient use efficiency in food production on eutrophication of global aquifers and surface waters
Impact of lifestyle, human diet and nutrient use efficiency in food production on eutrophication of global aquifers and surface waters Open
View article: Impact of groundwater nitrogen legacy on water quality
Impact of groundwater nitrogen legacy on water quality Open
The loss of agricultural nitrogen (N) is a leading cause of global eutrophication and freshwater and coastal hypoxia. Despite regulatory efforts, such as the European Union’s Nitrogen Directive, high concentrations of N persist in freshwat…
View article: Surface-water nitrate exposure to world populations has expanded and intensified during 1970-2
Surface-water nitrate exposure to world populations has expanded and intensified during 1970-2 Open
Excessive nitrate in surface waters deteriorates water quality and threatens human health. Human activities have caused increased nitrate concentrations in global surface waters over the past 50 years. An assessment of the long-term trajec…
View article: Quantifying long-term nutrient sources and pathways in the Ganges River basin
Quantifying long-term nutrient sources and pathways in the Ganges River basin Open
The Ganges River basin is home to more than 600 million people. Intensive agriculture is widespread owing to the basin’s widespread fertile soils and abundant water availability. Together with urbanization and industrialization which…
View article: The Water Quality Protocol for Model Intercomparisons Under Climate Change Impacts 
The Water Quality Protocol for Model Intercomparisons Under Climate Change Impacts  Open
Water quality is under threat in many places on Earth. This is associated with impacts of climate change (e.g., droughts, floods) that are integrated with socio-economic developments (e.g., agriculture, urbanization). Computer models have …
View article: Planetary boundaries framework scenarios
Planetary boundaries framework scenarios Open
The planetary boundaries framework serves as a comprehensive method to define a safe operating space for humanity on Earth. This set of scenarios projects eight out of nine planetary boundaries processes under different scenarios to 2050, …
View article: Costs and benefits of synthetic nitrogen for global cereal production in 2015 and in 2050 under contrasting scenarios
Costs and benefits of synthetic nitrogen for global cereal production in 2015 and in 2050 under contrasting scenarios Open
Cereals are the most important global staple crop and use more than half of global cropland and synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer. While this synthetic N may feed half of the current global population, it has led to a massive increase in r…
View article: Global Regionalized Characterization Factors for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Impacts on Freshwater Fish Biodiversity
Global Regionalized Characterization Factors for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Impacts on Freshwater Fish Biodiversity Open
Overview and guidance for using the data in "CFs_freshwater_eutrophication" related to the article "Global Regionalized Characterization Factors for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Impacts on Freshwater Fish Biodiversity" See the "readme_CFs_fresh…
View article: Global Regionalized Characterization Factors for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Impacts on Freshwater Fish Biodiversity
Global Regionalized Characterization Factors for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Impacts on Freshwater Fish Biodiversity Open
Overview and guidance for using the data in "CFs_freshwater_eutrophication" related to the article "Global Regionalized Characterization Factors for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Impacts on Freshwater Fish Biodiversity" See the "readme_CFs_fresh…
View article: Global regionalized characterization factors for phosphorus and nitrogen impacts on freshwater fish biodiversity
Global regionalized characterization factors for phosphorus and nitrogen impacts on freshwater fish biodiversity Open
Inefficient global nutrient (i.e., phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)) management leads to an increase in nutrient delivery to freshwater and coastal ecosystems and induces eutrophication in these aquatic environments. This process threatens …
View article: Planetary boundaries framework scenarios
Planetary boundaries framework scenarios Open
The planetary boundaries framework serves as a comprehensive method to define a safe operating space for humanity on Earth. This set of scenarios projects eight out of nine planetary boundaries processes under different scenarios to 2050, …
View article: Surface-Water Nitrate Exposure to World Populations Has Expanded and Intensified during 1970–2010
Surface-Water Nitrate Exposure to World Populations Has Expanded and Intensified during 1970–2010 Open
Excessive nitrate in surface waters deteriorates the water quality and threatens human health. Human activities have caused increased nitrate concentrations in global surface waters over the past 50 years. An assessment of the long-term tr…
View article: Spatial and temporal patterns of nutrients and their environmental impacts from the agriculture sector in India
Spatial and temporal patterns of nutrients and their environmental impacts from the agriculture sector in India Open
Since the launch of the Green Revolution (GR) in Indian agriculture in the 1960s, Indian food production has successfully become self-sufficient but this has also led to increasing soil nitrogen (N) surpluses and various negative environme…
View article: Water quality footprint of agricultural emissions of nitrogen, phosphorus and glyphosate associated with German bioeconomy
Water quality footprint of agricultural emissions of nitrogen, phosphorus and glyphosate associated with German bioeconomy Open
Fertiliser and pesticide application can cause extensive environmental damage. We use the water quality footprint to express nitrogen, phosphorus and glyphosate emissions from agriculture in volumes of water needed to virtually dilute poll…
View article: Exploring wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban and rural areas in China for the period 1970 to 2015
Exploring wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban and rural areas in China for the period 1970 to 2015 Open
China has experienced rapid population growth and increasing human N and P discharge from point sources. This paper presents a new spatial and temporal model-based, province-scale inventory of N and P in wastewater using detailed informati…
View article: Quantifying future sanitation scenarios and progress towards SDG targets in the shared socioeconomic pathways
Quantifying future sanitation scenarios and progress towards SDG targets in the shared socioeconomic pathways Open
View article: Inland Waters Increasingly Produce and Emit Nitrous Oxide
Inland Waters Increasingly Produce and Emit Nitrous Oxide Open
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas and currently contributes ∼10% to global greenhouse warming. Studies have suggested that inland waters are a large and growing global N2O source, but whether, how, wh…
View article: Effects of Nitrogen Emissions on Fish Species Richness across the World’s Freshwater Ecoregions
Effects of Nitrogen Emissions on Fish Species Richness across the World’s Freshwater Ecoregions Open
The increasing application of synthetic fertilizer has tripled nitrogen (N) inputs over the 20th century. N enrichment decreases water quality and threatens aquatic species such as fish through eutrophication and toxicity. However, the imp…
View article: The impact of policy and model uncertainties on emissions projections of the Paris Agreement pledges
The impact of policy and model uncertainties on emissions projections of the Paris Agreement pledges Open
Tracking progress towards the Paris Agreement climate goal requires understanding the 2030 emission levels implied by countries’ National Determined Contributions (NDCs). However, key uncertainties and assumptions impact greenhouse gas (GH…