Explanipedia

Are We There Yet? Challenges in Quantifying the Frequency of Earth Analogs in the Habitable Zone Open

Rachel B. Fernandes, Samson A. Johnson, Galen J. Bergsten, Sakhee Bhure, Steve Bryson , et al. · 2025

Searching for life elsewhere in the universe is one of the most highly prioritized pursuits in astronomy today. However, the ability to observe evidence of Earth-like life through biosignatures is limited by the number of planets in the so…

Order-by-order Modeling of Exoplanet Radial Velocity Data Open

Zachary Langford, Samuel Halverson, Eric B. Ford, Mark R. Giovinazzi, Arvind F. Gupta , et al. · 2025

Precise radial velocity (RV) measurements are a crucial tool for exoplanet discovery and characterization. Today, the majority of these measurements are derived from Echelle spectra in the optical wavelength region using cross-correlation …

Order-by-order Modeling of Exoplanet Radial Velocity Data Open

Zachary Langford, Cullen H. Blake, Samuel Halverson, Eric B. Ford, Suvrath Mahadevan , et al. · 2025

Precise radial velocity (RV) measurements are a crucial tool for exoplanet discovery and characterization. Today, the majority of these measurements are derived from Echelle spectra in the optical wavelength region using cross-correlation …

Searching for GEMS: TOI-5916 b & TOI-6158 b are two Saturn-density planets orbiting M2 dwarfs Open

Sean O'Brien, Andre Wong, Te Han, Paul Robertson, Shubham Kanodia , et al. · 2025

We confirm the planetary nature of (1) TOI-5916 b and (2) TOI-6158 b, two Exoplanets Transiting M-dwarf Stars (GEMS), both discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Both systems were confirmed with ground-based photom…

The NEID Earth Twin Survey. III. Survey Performance after Three Years on Sky Open

Arvind F. Gupta, Evan Fitzmaurice, Suvrath Mahadevan, Paul Robertson, Jacob K. Luhn , et al. · 2025

The NEID Earth Twin Survey (NETS) has been delivering a rich set of precise radial velocity (RV) measurements for 41 bright, nearby main-sequence stars. Here, we describe the status of the survey after 3 yr on sky, and we present the full …

Searching for GEMS: TOI-5349b is a Saturn-like planet orbiting a metal-rich early M-dwarf Open

Angeli Sandoval, Caleb I. Cañas, Knicole D. Colón, Alexander Larsen, Tera N. Swaby , et al. · 2025

We report the confirmation and analysis of TOI-5349b, a transiting, warm, Saturn-like planet orbiting an early M-dwarf with a period of $\sim$3.3 days, which we confirmed as part of the Searching for GEMS (Giant Exoplanets around M-dwarf S…

Searching for GEMS: The Occurrence of Giant Planets orbiting M-dwarfs within 100 pc Open

Rowen Glusman, Caleb I. Cañas, Shubham Kanodia, Te Han, Rachel B. Fernandes , et al. · 2025

We present results from a systematic search for transiting short-period Giant Exoplanets around M-dwarf Stars (GEMS; $P < 10$ days, $R_p \gtrsim 8~R_\oplus$) within a distance-limited 100\,pc sample of 149,316 M-dwarfs using TESS-Gaia Ligh…

Searching for GEMS: TOI-7149 b, an Inflated Giant Planet Causing a 12% Transit of a Fully Convective M-dwarf Open

Shubham Kanodia, Caleb I. Cañas, Suvrath Mahadevan, Andrea S. J. Lin, Henry A. Kobulnicky , et al. · 2025

We describe the discovery and characterization of TOI-7149 b, a 0.705 ± 0.075 M J , 1.18 ± 0.045 R J gas giant on a ∼2.65 days period orbit transiting an M4V star with a mass of 0.344 ± 0.030 M ⊙ and an effective temperature of 3363 ± 59 K…

Time-resolved <i>p</i>-mode Oscillations for Subgiant HD 142091 with NEID at WIYN Open

Jacob K. Luhn, Paul Robertson, Samuel Halverson, Arvind F. Gupta, Jared Siegel , et al. · 2025

Detections of Earth-analog planets in radial velocity (RV) observations are limited by stellar astrophysical variability occurring on a variety of timescales. Current state-of-the-art methods to disentangle potential planet signals from in…

The NEID Earth Twin Survey. III. Survey Performance After Three Years on Sky Open

Arvind F. Gupta, Jacob K. Luhn, Sarah E. Logsdon, Leonardo A. Paredes, Chad F. Bender , et al. · 2025

The NEID Earth Twin Survey (NETS) has been delivering a rich set of precise radial velocity (RV) measurements for 41 bright, nearby main sequence stars. Here, we describe the status of the survey after three years on sky and we present the…

Searching for GEMS: Confirmation of TOI-5573 b, a Cool, Saturn-like Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf<sup>*</sup> Open

Rachel B. Fernandes, Shubham Kanodia, Megan Delamer, Andrew Hotnisky, Te Han , et al. · 2025

We present the confirmation of TOI-5573 b, a Saturn-sized exoplanet on an 8.79 days orbit around an early M dwarf (3790 K, 0.59 R ⊙ , 0.61 M ⊙ , 12.30 Jmag). TOI-5573 b has a mass of M ⊕ (0.35 ± 0.06 M Jup ) and a radius of 9.75…

The NEID Earth Twin Survey. II. Dynamical Masses in Seven High-acceleration Star Systems Open

Mark R. Giovinazzi, Cullen H. Blake, Paul Robertson, Andrea S. J. Lin, Arvind F. Gupta , et al. · 2025

We present a set of companion dynamical masses and orbital parameters of seven star systems from the NEID Earth Twin Survey with significant absolute astrometric accelerations between the epochs of Hipparcos and Gaia. These include four bi…

A Disintegrating Rocky World Shrouded in Dust and Gas: Mid-infrared Observations of K2-22 b Using JWST Open

Nick Tusay, Jason T. Wright, Thomas G. Beatty, S. J. Desch, Knicole D. Colón , et al. · 2025

The disintegrating ultrashort period rocky exoplanet K2-22 b periodically emits dusty clouds in a dynamically chaotic process resulting in a variable transit depth from 0% to 1.3%. The effluents that sublimate off the surface and condense …

A Disintegrating Rocky World Shrouded in Dust and Gas: Mid-infrared Observations of K2-22 b Using JWST Open

Nick Tusay, Jason T. Wright, Thomas G. Beatty, Steve Desch, Knicole D. Colón , et al. · 2025

The disintegrating ultrashort period rocky exoplanet K2-22 b periodically emits dusty clouds in a dynamically chaotic process resulting in a variable transit depth from 0% to 1.3%. The effluents that sublimate off the surface and condense …

Searching for GEMS: Two Super-Jupiters Around M Dwarfs that May have Formed via Gravitational Instability Open

Andrew Hotnisky, Shubham Kanodia, Jessica E. Libby-Roberts, Suvrath Mahadevan, Caleb I. Cañas , et al. · 2025

We present the discovery of TOI-6303b and TOI-6330b, two massive transiting super-Jupiters orbiting a M0 and a M2 dwarf star, respectively, as part of the Searching for Giant Exoplanets around M-dwarf Stars (GEMS) survey. These were detect…

Searching for GEMS: Confirmation of TOI-5573b, a Cool, Saturn-like Planet Orbiting An M-dwarf Open

Rachel B. Fernandes, Shubham Kanodia, Megan Delamer, Andrew Hotnisky, Te Han , et al. · 2025

We present the confirmation of TOI-5573b, a Saturn-sized exoplanet on an 8.79-day orbit around an early M-dwarf (3790 K, 0.59 R$\odot$, 0.61 M$\odot$, 12.30 J mag). TOI-5573b has a mass of $112^{+18}_{-19}$ M$\oplus$ (0.35$\pm$0.06 M$\math…

TOI-6695: A Pair of Near-resonant Massive Planets Observed with TESS from the WINE Survey* Open

Jan Eberhardt, Trifon Trifonov, Thomas Henning, Marcelo Tala Pinto, Rafael Brahm , et al. · 2025

We present the discovery and characterization of a pair of warm Jovian-mass exoplanets orbiting the Sun-like star TOI-6695, based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) transits and precise radial velocity (RV) measurements obtain…

Searching for GEMS: Discovery and Characterization of Two Brown Dwarfs Around M Dwarfs* Open

Alexander Larsen, Tera N. Swaby, Henry A. Kobulnicky, Caleb I. Cañas, Shubham Kanodia , et al. · 2025

Brown dwarfs bridge the gap between stars and planets, providing valuable insight into both planetary and stellar-formation mechanisms. Yet the census of transiting brown-dwarf companions, in particular around M-dwarf stars, remains incomp…

NEIDSpecMatch: Stellar Parameter Estimation with NEID Spectra Using an Empirical Library Open

Te Han, Paul Robertson, Caleb I. Cañas, Guđmundur Stefánsson, Shubham Kanodia , et al. · 2025

We introduce NEIDSpecMatch , a tool developed to extract stellar parameters from spectra obtained with the NEID spectrograph. NEIDSpecMatch is based on SpecMatch-Emp and HPFSpecMatch , which estimate stellar parameters by comparing the obs…

Searching for GEMS: TOI-5688 A b, a Low-density Giant Orbiting a High-metallicity Early M-dwarf* Open

Varghese Reji, Shubham Kanodia, Joe P. Ninan, Caleb I. Cañas, Jessica E. Libby-Roberts , et al. · 2025

We present the discovery of a low-density planet orbiting the high-metallicity early M-dwarf TOI-5688 A b. This planet was characterized as part of the search for transiting giant planets ( R ≳ 8 R ⊕ ) through the Searching for Giant Exopl…

Searching for GEMS: Discovery and Characterization of Two Brown Dwarfs Around M Dwarfs Open

Alexander Larsen, Tera N. Swaby, Henry A. Kobulnicky, Caleb I. Cañas, Shubham Kanodia , et al. · 2025

Brown dwarfs bridge the gap between stars and planets, providing valuable insight into both planetary and stellar formation mechanisms. Yet the census of transiting brown dwarf companions, in particular around M dwarf stars, remains incomp…

Jitter Across 15 yr: Leveraging Precise Photometry from Kepler and TESS to Extract Exoplanets from Radial Velocity Time Series Open

Corey Beard, Paul Robertson, Jack Lubin, Te Han, Rae Holcomb , et al. · 2025

Stellar activity contamination of radial velocity (RV) data is one of the top challenges plaguing the field of extreme-precision RV science. Previous work has shown that photometry can be very effective at removing such signals from RV dat…

Jitter Across 15 Years: Leveraging Precise Photometry from Kepler and TESS to Extract Exoplanets from Radial Velocity Time Series Open

Corey Beard, Paul Robertson, Jack Lubin, Te Han, Rae Holcomb , et al. · 2024

Stellar activity contamination of radial velocity (RV) data is one of the top challenges plaguing the field of extreme precision RV (EPRV) science. Previous work has shown that photometry can be very effective at removing such signals from…

Origins of Super Jupiters: TOI-2145b has a Moderately Eccentric and Nearly Aligned Orbit Open

Jiayin Dong, Ashley Chontos, George Zhou, Guđmundur Stefánsson, Songhu Wang , et al. · 2024

Super Jupiters are giant planets with several Jupiter masses. It remains an open question whether these planets originate with such high masses or grow through collisions. Previous work demonstrates that warm super Jupiters tend to have mo…

The NEID Earth Twin Survey. I. Confirmation of a 31 Day Planet Orbiting HD 86728 Open

Arvind F. Gupta, Jacob K. Luhn, Jason T. Wright, Suvrath Mahadevan, Paul Robertson , et al. · 2024

With close to 3 yr of observations in hand, the NEID Earth Twin Survey (NETS) is starting to unearth new astrophysical signals for a curated sample of bright, radial velocity (RV)-quiet stars. We present the discovery of the first NETS exo…

BD+44°493: Chemo-dynamical Analysis and Constraints on Companion Planetary Masses from WIYN/NEID Spectroscopy* Open

Vinicius M. Placco, Arvind F. Gupta, F. Almeida-Fernandes, Sarah E. Logsdon, Jayadev Rajagopal , et al. · 2024

In this work, we present high-resolution ( R ∼ 100,000), high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ∼ 800) spectroscopic observations for the well-known, bright, extremely metal-poor, carbon-enhanced star BD+44°493 . We determined chemical abundances…

Searching for GEMS: TOI-6383Ab, a Giant Planet Transiting an M3-dwarf Star in a Binary System* Open

Lia Marta Bernabò, Shubham Kanodia, Caleb I. Cañas, William D. Cochran, Szilárd Csizmadia , et al. · 2024

We report on the discovery of a transiting giant planet around the 3500 K M3-dwarf star TOI-6383A located 172 pc from Earth. It was detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and confirmed by a combination of ground-based follow…

Searching for GEMS: Two Super-Jupiters around M-dwarfs -- Signatures of Instability or Accretion? Open

Andrew Hotnisky, Shubham Kanodia, Jessica E. Libby-Roberts, Suvrath Mahadevan, Caleb I. Cañas , et al. · 2024

We present the discovery of TOI-6303b and TOI-6330b, two massive transiting super-Jupiters orbiting a M0 and a M2 star respectively, as part of the Searching for GEMS survey. These were detected by TESS and then confirmed via ground-based …

A long-period transiting substellar companion in the super-Jupiters to brown dwarfs mass regime and a prototypical warm-Jupiter detected by TESS★ Open

M. I. Jones, Yared Reinarz, Rafael Brahm, Marcelo Tala Pinto, Jan Eberhardt , et al. · 2024

We report on the confirmation and follow-up characterization of two long-period transiting substellar companions on low-eccentricity orbits around TIC 4672985 and TOI-2529, whose transit events were detected by the TESS space mission. Grou…

Searching for GEMS: Characterizing Six Giant Planets Around Cool Dwarfs Open

Shubham Kanodia, Arvind F. Gupta, Caleb I. Cañas, Lia Marta Bernabò, Varghese Reji , et al. · 2024

Transiting giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars (GEMS) are rare, owing to the low-mass host stars. However, the all-sky coverage of TESS has enabled the detection of an increasingly large number of them to enable statistical surveys like …

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