Arvind Santhanakrishnan
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View article: Metachronal rowing provides robust propulsive performance across four orders of magnitude variation in Reynolds number
Metachronal rowing provides robust propulsive performance across four orders of magnitude variation in Reynolds number Open
Metachronal rowing of multiple propulsors (paddles) is a swimming strategy used by numerous organisms across various phyla, with body sizes ranging from 0.01 mm to 100 mm. This size range corresponds to a huge variation in flow regimes cha…
View article: Digital Agriculture: Harnessing IoT and Data Analytics for Smart Farming Solutions
Digital Agriculture: Harnessing IoT and Data Analytics for Smart Farming Solutions Open
The integration of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is an increasingly popular subject among scholars due to its potential to revolutionize the agricultural sector. The IoT will decrease resource wastage…
View article: Dynamic Mode Decomposition of the Metachronal Paddling Wake
Dynamic Mode Decomposition of the Metachronal Paddling Wake Open
Metachronal paddling is a drag-based propulsion strategy observed in many aquatic arthropods in which a series of paddling appendages are stroked sequentially to form a traveling wave in the same direction as animal motion. Metachronal pad…
View article: Mantis Shrimp Locomotion: Coordination and Variation of Hybrid Metachronal Swimming
Mantis Shrimp Locomotion: Coordination and Variation of Hybrid Metachronal Swimming Open
Synopsis Across countless marine invertebrates, coordination of closely spaced swimming appendages is key to producing diverse locomotory behaviors. Using a widespread mechanism termed hybrid metachronal propulsion, mantis shrimp swim by m…
View article: The Presence of a Substrate Strengthens The Jet Generated by Upside-Down Jellyfish
The Presence of a Substrate Strengthens The Jet Generated by Upside-Down Jellyfish Open
Upside-down jellyfish, Cassiopea , are prevalent in warm and shallow parts of the oceans throughout the world. They are unique among jellyfish in that they rest upside down against the substrate and extend their oral arms upwards. This con…
View article: <i>Deepwater Horizon</i>crude oil reduces aerobic capacity of birds
<i>Deepwater Horizon</i>crude oil reduces aerobic capacity of birds Open
Crude oil spills can have catastrophic effects on marine and inland ecosystems, yet it is difficult to accurately quantify the extent of ecological damage caused by oil spills. For instance, avian population damage assessments conducted af…
View article: Metachronal Coordination of Multiple Appendages for Swimming and Pumping
Metachronal Coordination of Multiple Appendages for Swimming and Pumping Open
Synopsis As a strategy for creating fluid flow, metachronal motion is widespread across sizes and species, including a broad array of morphologies, length scales, and coordination patterns. Because of this great diversity, it has not gener…
View article: Reconfiguration and the reduction of vortex-induced vibrations in broad leaves
Reconfiguration and the reduction of vortex-induced vibrations in broad leaves Open
Flexible plants, fungi and sessile animals reconfigure in wind and water to reduce the drag acting upon them. In strong winds and flood waters, for example, leaves roll up into cone shapes that reduce drag compared with rigid objects of si…
View article: Clap and fling mechanism with interacting porous wings in tiny insect flight
Clap and fling mechanism with interacting porous wings in tiny insect flight Open
The aerodynamics of flapping flight for the smallest insects such as thrips is often characterized by a 'clap and fling' of the wings at the end of the upstroke and the beginning of the downstroke. These insects fly at Reynolds numbers (Re…
View article: A numerical study of the effects of bell pulsation dynamics and oral arms on the exchange currents generated by the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana
A numerical study of the effects of bell pulsation dynamics and oral arms on the exchange currents generated by the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana Open
Mathematical and experimental studies of the flows generated by jellyfish have focused primarily on mechanisms of swimming. More recent work has also considered the fluid dynamics of feeding from currents generated during swimming. Here we…
View article: Flow structure and transport characteristics of feeding and exchange currents generated by upside-down Cassiopea jellyfish
Flow structure and transport characteristics of feeding and exchange currents generated by upside-down Cassiopea jellyfish Open
Quantifying the flows generated by the pulsations of jellyfish bells is crucial for understanding the mechanics and efficiency of their swimming and feeding. Recent experimental and theoretical work has focused on the dynamics of vortices …
View article: Hybrid Metachronal Rowing Augments Swimming Speed and Acceleration via Increased Stroke Amplitude
Hybrid Metachronal Rowing Augments Swimming Speed and Acceleration via Increased Stroke Amplitude Open
Synopsis Numerous aquatic invertebrates use drag-based metachronal rowing for swimming, in which closely spaced appendages are oscillated starting from the posterior, with each appendage phase-shifted in time relative to its neighbor. Cont…
View article: Effects of Varying Inhalation Duration and Respiratory Rate on Human Airway Flow
Effects of Varying Inhalation Duration and Respiratory Rate on Human Airway Flow Open
Studies of flow through the human airway have shown that inhalation time (IT) and secondary flow structures can play important roles in particle deposition. However, the effects of varying IT in conjunction with the respiratory rate (RR) o…
View article: Effects of Varying Inhalation Duration and Respiratory Rate on Human Airway Flow
Effects of Varying Inhalation Duration and Respiratory Rate on Human Airway Flow Open
Studies of flow through the human airway have shown that inhalation time (IT) and secondary flow structures can play important roles in particle deposition. However, the effects of varying IT in conjunction with the respiratory rate (RR) o…
View article: Closer Appendage Spacing Augments Metachronal Swimming Speed by Promoting Tip Vortex Interactions
Closer Appendage Spacing Augments Metachronal Swimming Speed by Promoting Tip Vortex Interactions Open
Numerous species of aquatic invertebrates, including crustaceans, swim by oscillating multiple closely spaced appendages. The coordinated, out-of-phase motion of these appendages, known as “metachronal paddling,” has been well-established …
View article: Hybrid metachronal rowing augments swimming speed and acceleration via increased stroke amplitude
Hybrid metachronal rowing augments swimming speed and acceleration via increased stroke amplitude Open
Numerous aquatic invertebrates use drag-based metachronal rowing for swimming, in which closely spaced appendages are oscillated starting from the posterior, with each appendage phase-shifted in time relative to its neighbor. Continuously …
View article: Closer appendage spacing augments metachronal swimming speed by promoting tip vortex interactions
Closer appendage spacing augments metachronal swimming speed by promoting tip vortex interactions Open
Numerous species of aquatic invertebrates, including crustaceans, swim by oscillating multiple closely spaced appendages. The coordinated, out-of-phase motion of these appendages, known as “metachronal paddling”, has been well-established …
View article: Effects of varying inhalation duration and respiratory rate on human\n airway flow
Effects of varying inhalation duration and respiratory rate on human\n airway flow Open
Studies of flow through the human airway have shown that inhalation time (IT)\nand secondary flow structures can play important roles in particle deposition.\nHowever, the effects of varying IT in conjunction with respiratory rate (RR) on\…
View article: Data from: Interspecific variation in number of bristles on forewings of tiny insects does not impact clap-and-fling aerodynamics
Data from: Interspecific variation in number of bristles on forewings of tiny insects does not impact clap-and-fling aerodynamics Open
Appendix S1 (“AppendixS1_all_bristle_data.csv”; “AppendixS1_all_bristle_data.xlsx”): All phenotypic data used in the analyses of thrips and fairyfly wings. The CSV file is for replicating analyses in R. The MS Excel file includes a metadat…
View article: Data from: Hybrid metachronal rowing augments swimming speed and acceleration via increased stroke amplitude
Data from: Hybrid metachronal rowing augments swimming speed and acceleration via increased stroke amplitude Open
"Movie1.mp4": Video clip of mantis shrimp swimming used for swimming speed calculation and kinematics tracking (Individual 1 video 1)."Movie2.mp4": Video clip of mantis shrimp swimming used for swimming speed calculation and kinematics tra…
View article: Pausing after clap reduces power required to fling wings apart at low Reynolds number
Pausing after clap reduces power required to fling wings apart at low Reynolds number Open
The smallest flying insects such as thrips (body length < 2 mm) are challenged with needing to move in air at chord-based Reynolds number ( Re c ) on the order of 10. Pronounced viscous dissipation at such low Re c requires considerable en…
View article: Inter-species variation in number of bristles on forewings of tiny insects does not impact clap-and-fling aerodynamics
Inter-species variation in number of bristles on forewings of tiny insects does not impact clap-and-fling aerodynamics Open
Flight-capable miniature insects of body length (BL) < 2 mm typically possess wings with long bristles on the fringes. Though their flight is challenged by needing to overcome significant viscous resistance at chord-based Reynolds number (…
View article: On the role of phase lag in multi-appendage metachronal swimming of euphausiids
On the role of phase lag in multi-appendage metachronal swimming of euphausiids Open
Metachronal paddling is a common method of drag-based aquatic propulsion, in which a series of swimming appendages are oscillated, with the motion of each appendage phase-shifted relative to the neighboring appendages. Ecologically and eco…
View article: Data from: On the role of phase lag in multi-appendage metachronal swimming of Euphausiids
Data from: On the role of phase lag in multi-appendage metachronal swimming of Euphausiids Open
Data used in the manuscript by Ford and Santhanakrishnan (2020). Readme.txt (where provided) contains information on data formatting. Representative high-speed videos (HSVs) of "krillbot" motion, used for tracking pleopod kinematics and bo…
View article: Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag Open
Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimmin…
View article: Supplementary material from "Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag"
Supplementary material from "Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag" Open
Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimmin…
View article: Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag Open
Data used in the paper by Ford et al. (2019). Readme.txt within every folder/subfolder contains information on data formatting.
View article: Data from: Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag
Data from: Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag Open
Data used in the paper by Ford et al. (2019). Readme.txt within every folder/subfolder contains information on data formatting.
View article: Flow Structure and Force Generation on Flapping Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers Relevant to the Flight of Tiny Insects
Flow Structure and Force Generation on Flapping Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers Relevant to the Flight of Tiny Insects Open
In contrast to larger species, little is known about the flight of the smallest flying insects, such as thrips and fairyflies. These tiny animals range from 300 to 1000 microns in length and fly at Reynolds numbers ranging from about 4 to …