Brian J. Riley
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View article: Phosphate-Based Approaches for Dechlorination and Treatment of Salt Waste from Electrochemical Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel: A Perspective on Recent Work
Phosphate-Based Approaches for Dechlorination and Treatment of Salt Waste from Electrochemical Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel: A Perspective on Recent Work Open
Phosphate-based reagents are being considered by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy to process halide salt-based nuclear wastes for stabilization prior to disposal. As evidenced by the Experimental Breeder Reactor…
View article: Glass-Bonded Monazite Waste Forms for Lanthanide and Actinide Immobilization: From Theoretical Design to Scale-Up Production and Characterization
Glass-Bonded Monazite Waste Forms for Lanthanide and Actinide Immobilization: From Theoretical Design to Scale-Up Production and Characterization Open
The development of nuclear waste forms for both existing and future nuclear wastes is critical to ensuring global environmental safety. This study focuses on waste management from molten salt reactors, where fuel exists in a salt form and …
View article: Sustainable and Low-Carbon Health Systems: Health Care Climate Action High-Level Principle #2
Sustainable and Low-Carbon Health Systems: Health Care Climate Action High-Level Principle #2 Open
In 2023, Asian Development Bank together with India’s Ministry of Health, developed a set of five High-Level Principles for Health Care Climate Action. These principles informed the 2023 G20 heads of state and the health working group comm…
View article: Uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis for constrained optimization of nuclear waste vitrification
Uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis for constrained optimization of nuclear waste vitrification Open
The vitrification of high‐level waste (HLW) by heating a mixture of glass‐forming chemicals (GFCs) with the waste can be improved using a constrained optimization problem. This study explores how different uncertainty propagation (UP) meth…
View article: Technical Assessment of Off-Gas System Technologies for Potential Use in Molten Salt Reactors
Technical Assessment of Off-Gas System Technologies for Potential Use in Molten Salt Reactors Open
Molten salt reactors (MSRs) are a class of Generation IV advanced reactor technologies aimed to enhance and improve the safety, fuel utilization and cost-effectiveness of nuclear power generation. MSR concepts are based on using a molten s…
View article: Feasibility of carbon foam-based sorbents for the abatement of gaseous mercury and iodine
Feasibility of carbon foam-based sorbents for the abatement of gaseous mercury and iodine Open
Carbon foam sorbents captured iodine and mercury effectively, showing promise for emission control at Hanford and other industrial facilities.
View article: Pelletization with Spark Plasma Sintering and Characterization of Metal Iodides: An Assessment of Long-Term Radioiodine Immobilization Options
Pelletization with Spark Plasma Sintering and Characterization of Metal Iodides: An Assessment of Long-Term Radioiodine Immobilization Options Open
Four promising iodine “getter” materials (Ag, Cu, Bi, and Sn) for radioiodine capture were assessed in their pure metal-iodide (MIx) pelletized forms to compare relative chemical durabilities. To study chemical durability, commercial MIx c…
View article: Structure–property relations of sodium iron phosphate nuclear waste glasses: Effects of iron redox ratio and glass composition
Structure–property relations of sodium iron phosphate nuclear waste glasses: Effects of iron redox ratio and glass composition Open
Iron phosphate glasses, known for their exceptional chemical durability and potential applicability in nuclear waste management, have gained significant attention over the years. The structures of these glasses are complicated by the coexi…
View article: Metal-Encapsulated, Polymer-Containing Halide Salt Composites as Potential Long-Term Hosts for Radioiodine: Evaluating Halmets, Polyhalmets, and Halcermets
Metal-Encapsulated, Polymer-Containing Halide Salt Composites as Potential Long-Term Hosts for Radioiodine: Evaluating Halmets, Polyhalmets, and Halcermets Open
This paper presents composite waste form concepts for radioiodine immobilization including halide-metal (halmet) composites, polymer-halide-metal (polyhalmet) composites, and halide-ceramic-metal (halcermet) composites with data from exper…
View article: Analytical capabilities for iodine detection: Review of possibilities for different applications
Analytical capabilities for iodine detection: Review of possibilities for different applications Open
This Review summarizes a range of analytical techniques that can be used to detect, quantify, and/or distinguish between isotopes of iodine (e.g., long-lived 129I, short-lived 131I, stable 127I). One reason this is of interest is that unde…
View article: Evaluation of GlassNet for physics‐informed machine learning of glass stability and glass‐forming ability
Evaluation of GlassNet for physics‐informed machine learning of glass stability and glass‐forming ability Open
Glassy materials form the basis of many modern applications, including nuclear waste immobilization, touch‐screen displays, and optical fibers, and also hold great potential for future medical and environmental applications. However, their…
View article: Towards Informatics-Driven Design of Nuclear Waste Forms
Towards Informatics-Driven Design of Nuclear Waste Forms Open
Informatics-driven approaches, such as machine learning and sequential experimental design, have shown the potential to drastically impact next-generation materials discovery and design. In this perspective, we present a few guiding princi…
View article: Evaluating Iodine Immobilization Technologies: Cermets, Polycermets, and Polyhalmets
Evaluating Iodine Immobilization Technologies: Cermets, Polycermets, and Polyhalmets Open
The work in this report documents the efforts conducted to assess the feasibility of some of the ideas documented in Pacific Northwest National Laboratory invention disclosure reports (IDRs) including: 1) Iodine capture in polyacrylonitril…
View article: Phosphate-Based Dechlorination of Electrorefiner Salt Waste using a Phosphoric Acid Precursor
Phosphate-Based Dechlorination of Electrorefiner Salt Waste using a Phosphoric Acid Precursor Open
Electrochemical processing of spent nuclear fuel in molten chloride salts results in radioactive salt waste. Chlorine removal from the salt has been identified as an effective and efficient first step in the management of high-level waste.…
View article: Evaluation of GlassNet for physics-informed machine learning of glass stability and glass-forming ability
Evaluation of GlassNet for physics-informed machine learning of glass stability and glass-forming ability Open
Glasses form the basis of many modern applications and also hold great potential for future medical and environmental applications. However, their structural complexity and large composition space make design and optimization challenging f…
View article: Ceramic–Metal (Cermet) Composites: A Review of Key Properties and Synthesis Methods Focused on Nuclear Waste Immobilization
Ceramic–Metal (Cermet) Composites: A Review of Key Properties and Synthesis Methods Focused on Nuclear Waste Immobilization Open
Here this paper reviews key properties, applications, and examples of ceramic-metal composites (cermets), and metal matrix composites (MMC) with emphasis on their applicability as waste forms for immobilizing nuclear waste. While the liter…
View article: Static iodine loading comparisons between activated carbon, zeolite, alumina, aerogel, and xerogel sorbents
Static iodine loading comparisons between activated carbon, zeolite, alumina, aerogel, and xerogel sorbents Open
Different sorbents, including activated carbons, an aerogel, xerogels, an alumina, a zeolite, and a carbon foam were investigated for static I 2(g) loading at 71 °C for 56 d followed by 4.7 d of desorption.
View article: Synthesis of and iodine capture with MS<sub><i>x</i></sub> (Ag<sub>2</sub>S, Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>, Cu<sub>2</sub>S)–polyacrylonitrile composites
Synthesis of and iodine capture with MS<sub><i>x</i></sub> (Ag<sub>2</sub>S, Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>, Cu<sub>2</sub>S)–polyacrylonitrile composites Open
This work demonstrates polyacrylonitrile composites for iodine capture using promising metal-sulfide (Ag 2 S, Bi 2 S 3 , Cu 2 S) compounds as the active gettering agents.
View article: Synthesis and properties of anhydrous rare-earth phosphates, monazite and xenotime: a review
Synthesis and properties of anhydrous rare-earth phosphates, monazite and xenotime: a review Open
The synthesis methods, crystal structures, and general properties of anhydrous monazite and xenotime (REPO 4 ) crystalline materials are summarized within this review.
View article: Iodine solid sorbent design: a literature review of the critical criteria for consideration
Iodine solid sorbent design: a literature review of the critical criteria for consideration Open
Designing sorbents for iodine capture in different conditions requires selection and optimization of a large and diverse range of variables.
View article: Towards informatics-driven design of nuclear waste forms
Towards informatics-driven design of nuclear waste forms Open
Informatics-driven approaches, such as machine learning and sequential experimental design, have shown the potential to drastically impact next-generation materials discovery and design.
View article: Review of iodine behavior from nuclear fuel dissolution to environmental release
Review of iodine behavior from nuclear fuel dissolution to environmental release Open
During nuclear fuel reprocessing, radioiodine, can be released.